Ch. 29:Ch. 29:TR & ProgressivismTR & Progressivism

Changing America politically, Changing America politically, economically, & socially/morallyeconomically, & socially/morally

ProgressivesProgressives1.1. Social reformers – young, middleclass Social reformers – young, middleclass

people who tried helping out the poor and people who tried helping out the poor and address political corruption; “social address political corruption; “social consciousness”consciousness”

2.2. Political MovementsPolitical Movementsa.a. Ending corruption Ending corruption

b.b. Using business-like methods to governingUsing business-like methods to governing

c.c. Implement laws re: excessive industrialism Implement laws re: excessive industrialism

d.d. Regulation of private interest for public Regulation of private interest for public welfarewelfare

3.3. Laws are the vehicle for social Laws are the vehicle for social change/controlchange/control

4.4. Did not want to overthrow capitalism but Did not want to overthrow capitalism but

to clean it up via democratic practicesto clean it up via democratic practices..

Progressive WomenProgressive Women

1. Helping influence 1. Helping influence politics by defining politics by defining home as the home as the communitycommunity

2. Jane Addams 2. Jane Addams settlement house: settlement house:

“ “Hull House”Hull House”

Florence KellyFlorence Kelly

a. Women and children’s advocate

b. Limit work hrs

c. age restrictions

Julia LathropJulia Lathrop

Head of

U.S. Children’s Bureau

Mueller v. Oregon Mueller v. Oregon (1908)(1908)

a.a. Women’s work day should be limited/10 Women’s work day should be limited/10 hrs day. Why?hrs day. Why?

b.b. Contract not absoluteContract not absolutec.c. Social and physical conditions of women Social and physical conditions of women

need to be taken into acct. need to be taken into acct.

Lochner v. New YorkLochner v. New York

NY passed law NY passed law limiting bakers limiting bakers work day to work day to 10/day; 60/wk = 10/day; 60/wk = Bakeshop ActBakeshop Act

Supreme court Supreme court overturns act overturns act

Workers can Workers can work as much work as much as they wantas they want

““What would Jesus Do?”What would Jesus Do?”

1.1. Social Gospel Social Gospel - using - using Christianity to Christianity to solve social solve social problemsproblems

2.2. Capitalism evilCapitalism evil

3.3. Clean Clean capitalism up, capitalism up, not get rid of itnot get rid of it

Lewis Hine: Progressive photographer on children's issues

Political Machines: Political Machines: “You scratch my back. I’ll scratch yours.”“You scratch my back. I’ll scratch yours.”

Keeping the “Machine” oiled!Keeping the “Machine” oiled!

Thomas Nast – Political CartoonistThomas Nast – Political Cartoonist

Urban Reform Wanted strong Mayors w/elected

board of commissioner

Changes in the West & South

1. “Wisconsin Idea” or “Laboratory of Democracy”a. Direct Primaryb. Tougher tax ratesc. Improved civil service coded. Regulation of RRe. Used academic research to help people

Robert La Follette “Fighting Bob”

Direct Democracy

a. Initiatives – the people bring up the issues/laws they want addressed

b. Referendum – the people vote on the issue/laws on a ballot

c. Recall – the people can vote out officials

d. 17th Amend (1913) – direct election of Senators

e. Limiting campaign spending

Muckrakers: Investigative reporters

Jacob Riis

Ida Tarbell

Upton Sinclair

Lincoln

Steffens

““Muckraking” MagazinesMuckraking” Magazines

a.a. Middle class Middle class readersreaders

b.b. Fiction, Fiction, science science technology, technology, traveltravel

c.c. Mobilized Mobilized public opinionpublic opinion

Jacob Riis: Jacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives

The “Social Evil:” ProstitutionThe “Social Evil:” Prostitution

1.1. closing of closing of brothels/red brothels/red light districtlight district

2.2. Immigrants Immigrants blamedblamed

3.3. Mann Act:Mann Act: federal offense federal offense

to transport to transport women for women for “immoral “immoral purposes”purposes”

4.4. Economic Economic necessitynecessity

Triangle Shirtwaist FireTriangle Shirtwaist Fire

Triangle Shirtwaist FireTriangle Shirtwaist Fire

1.1. Investigation Investigation ensuesensues

2.2. Owners never Owners never chargedcharged

3.3. Safety codes Safety codes and limited and limited work hrs for work hrs for women and women and childrenchildren

Urban Ghettos & the Uprising Urban Ghettos & the Uprising of 20,000of 20,000

1.1. Women strikers Women strikers wanting union wanting union recognition and recognition and better wages and better wages and conditionsconditions

2.2. Didn’t happen but Didn’t happen but did give rise to did give rise to new women new women leaders and their leaders and their involvement in involvement in unions unions

The Prohibition MovementThe Prohibition Movement

1.1. WCTUWCTU

a.a. stop selling stop selling alcoholalcohol

b.b. Women’s work Women’s work = set moral = set moral standardsstandards

2.2. Ethnic and Ethnic and cultural divide = cultural divide = prejudiceprejudice

Francis WillardFrancis Willard

1818thth Amendment (1919) Amendment (1919)

“The Modern President”26th Pres. 1901-1909 (R)

1. Gov’t responsible for citizens

2. Powerful federal gov’t

3. Goals:a. Control of

corporations

b. Consumer protection

c. Conservation of natural resources

Coal Strike of 1902Coal Strike of 1902

TR uses his “big TR uses his “big stick” policy to stick” policy to convince convince owners to agree owners to agree to arbritration to arbritration with workerswith workers

Coal miners in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, in 1900

“Square Deal”

reform supported by the Roosevelt administration ICC: expanded to deal with other companies

other than the RR Elkins Act of 1903: RR rebates illegal Hepburn Act of 1906: Free RR passes limited Meat inspection Act: Inspection by gov’t Pure Food and Drug Act : proper labeling of

food and medications

Trust-busting TRTrust-busting TR

1.1. not all trusts were not all trusts were bad; only those bad; only those who hurt the public who hurt the public interest such as the interest such as the RR, beef, sugar; to RR, beef, sugar; to name a fewname a few

2.2. Believed federal Believed federal gov’t had the right gov’t had the right to regulate big to regulate big businessbusiness

““Use everything but the squeal”Use everything but the squeal”

““I aimed at the public's heart, and by I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach."accident I hit it in the stomach."

Protecting Citizens & HealthProtecting Citizens & Health Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act

Strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackersStrict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers Another form of gov’t regulationAnother form of gov’t regulation

TR: Conservation vs. PreservationTR: Conservation vs. PreservationProtection of natural resourcesProtection of natural resources

1.1. Conservation - Conservation - a.a. Use some, save Use some, save

somesomeb.b. Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot

2.2. Preservation – Preservation – a.a. Use none, save Use none, save

allallb.b. John MuirJohn Muir

3.3. 150 Forest 150 Forest Preserves, 5 Preserves, 5 National ParksNational Parks

4.4. Newlands Act Newlands Act (1902) (1902)

monies from sales of monies from sales of western lands used for western lands used for irrigation projectsirrigation projects

                    

  

TR’s Impact TR’s Impact

Increased power of the executive branchIncreased power of the executive branch Helped shape the progressive movement; Helped shape the progressive movement;

later referred to as liberalismlater referred to as liberalism Square Deal was the stepping stone to the Square Deal was the stepping stone to the

future New Dealfuture New Deal Placed in U.S. in a position of international Placed in U.S. in a position of international

caretaker caretaker

Election of 1908Election of 1908

W. H. Taft (R)W. H. Taft (R) W.J. Bryan (D)W.J. Bryan (D)

Pres. Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyPres. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

1.1. Pres. Taft’s policy Pres. Taft’s policy of helping LA of helping LA countries by countries by encouraging Amer. encouraging Amer. businesses develop businesses develop industries in LA and industries in LA and AsiaAsia

2.2. Would increase Would increase income in both income in both countriescountries

3.3. Provide military aidProvide military aid

Conservative/Status QuoConservative/Status Quo

Taft the TrustbusterTaft the Trustbuster Had more suits against trusts Had more suits against trusts

than TRthan TR Dissolved Standard Oil Co.Dissolved Standard Oil Co.

Taft BlundersTaft Blunders Payne-Aldrich Act Payne-Aldrich Act

Ballinger-Pinchot Incident Ballinger-Pinchot Incident

Election 1912Election 1912