Ch 21 Three Chinese Philosophies

• Introduction• The Zhou Dynasty• Confucianism• Daoism• Legalism• Summary

January 28 – Begin Ch 21• Get out one sheet of notebook paper. Label with your name,

date, period and “Ch 19 Quiz”• Review Ch 19 – Questions/Answers• Quiz (You may use any worksheet/notesheet on Geography – Ch

19)– Turn in quiz

• Read pg. 205 – 207– What is the Mandate of Heaven?– What is feudalism?

• Read pg. 208 – 209 – Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Confucianism

• Read pg. 210 – 211– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Daoism

• Read pg. 212 – 213– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Legalism

January 29 – Ch 21• If you were absent on Tuesday, get out one sheet of notebook

paper. Label with your name, date, period and “Ch 19 Quiz”. Hand out quiz if all students have taken the quiz.

• Get one person in each row to collect homework and turn in at the basket.

• Read pg. 205 – 207– What is the Mandate of Heaven?– What is feudalism?

• Read pg. 208 – 209– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Confucianism

• Read pg. 210 – 211– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Daoism

• Read pg. 212 – 213– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Legalism

January 30-31 – Ch 21• If you would like to improve you grade on your quiz: Rewrite the sentence filling in the blank

with the correct word, state the pg number from the text where the answer is found AND the paragraph number on the page. If everything is accurate, you will receive an 8.

• You may redo your ad for 12 out of 12 score.• Read pg. 205 – 207

– What is the Mandate of Heaven?– What is feudalism?

• Read pg. 208 – 209– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Confucianism

• Read pg. 210 – 211– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Daoism

• Read pg. 212 – 213– Fill in the boxes for founder, teachings and influence of Legalism

• Complete the Ch 21 Assessment in your packet• Complete the back of your Three Philosophies paper.• Complete vocabulary 3 - 10• Draw symbols on front cover (wait for teacher instructions)• Quiz Feb 4 – It will cover Ch 21. You must have completed the Three Philosophies

Worksheet (front and back), Unit 4 Ch 21 Assessment, Vocabulary 3 – 10.

Introduction• Zhou dynasty - 1045

- 256 BCE• What shall I do to

rule well?

The Zhou DynastyEarly Years: Stability and Feudalism

• Zhou claimed the Mandate of Heaven, a divine right to rule China– Heaven was a power that

controlled human destiny– King was son of Heaven– Heaven would send signs

of displeasure with a ruler like earthquakes and floods

– If the king lost right of Heaven to rule he could be overthrown.

• Increased stability of rule through feudalism– King owned all the land– gave large pieces of land to

loyal supporters called lords– Lords send soldiers to fight

for king if needed– Lords ruler their own land– Lords had absolute power

over peasant farmers– Peasants had the lord's

protection but was required to give a portion of their crops

The Zhou DynastyLater Years: Conflict and Creative Thought

• Powerful lords competed against the king

• Warring States period– 6 or 7 larger states

warred for power– 250 years of disorder– instability led to

questions about the best way for rulers to govern

• Hundred Schools of Thought– Confucianism– Daoism– Legalism

Confucianism• Founder– Based on teachings of Kongfuzi– Lived from 551 - 479 BCE– Born in small state of Lu (eastern China)– Respected Chinese traditions• reverence for ancestors• honor given to scholars

–Wanted to teach men to work as honest and fair government officials

Confucianism• Teachings– Goal is just and peaceful society– 5 basic relationships

• ruler and subject• husband and wife• father and son• older sibling and younger sibling• friend and friend

– Respect and obey those above them– Those in authority should be good examples– "Do not do to others what you would not want done to

you."

Confucianism• Influence

– Confucius sayings collected in a book called The Analects

– Practical effect on government of Han dynasty• hired on basis of ability (not just nobility)• expected to know the Chinese classics in detail• Had to know the proper behavior for people in various roles• Had to take exams that the emperor might grade

– Government workers called civil servants• Traditionally were the sons of nobles

– Values of respect for elders proper behavior and love of scholarship became deeply woven into society

Daoism• Founded by Laozi (Lao-tzu)

– Author of Dao De Jing (The Classic of the Way and Its Power)

• Believe to be written by many writers• Laozi was stopped by guard as he was leaving China

and asked to record his thoughts• Laozi wrote a small manuscript of 5,000 characters• Preaches a return to a simple and natural way of living

– May have lived in the late 500's BCE or be a legend– Stories say he retired from government work at

age 90

Daoism• Teachings

– Based on the idea of the Dao , "the Way"– Dao was force that gave order to the natural universe– People gained happiness and peace living in harmony with nature– Nature is full of opposites

• Harmony comes from balancing the opposite forces of nature, yin and yang– Yin means shaded– yang means sunlit

• life is full of opposites– good - bad– beauty - ugliness– pleasure - pain

– Live simple lives of quiet meditation• Nothing in nature strives for fame, power, or knowledge• People avoid feeling self-important or strive for possessions or honors• Accept what comes

– Discover the Dao for yourself• Too many laws and social rules prevented natural living• Best rulers govern the least

Daoism• Influence– Encouraged rulers to rule less harshly– Important influence on thought, writing,

and art

Legalism• Founder

– Based on teachings of Hanfeizi (Han-fei-tzu)

– Lived 280 - 233 - BCE– Prince of royal family

of the state of Han– Concerned about

creating peace and order in society

– Ideas survive in a book named, Hanfeizi

Legalism• Teachings

– People are naturally selfish– Pursue self-interest– Good examples were not enough– Needed strict laws and enforce with rewards and harsh

punishment– Civil servants watched carefully– Government critics banished to China's far northern

frontier– Rulers have absolute power backed with military might– Rulers should trust no one

Legalism• Influence– End of Warring States period, Qin dynasty

seized control of China

Summary• Feudalism stabilized China under the Zhou dynasty• Later political instability resulted in collapse and

disorder• Scholars debated the proper way to rule

– Confucius taught peace and order depended upon proper behavior• Lead by example

– Daoists believed people should live simply and in harmony with nature• Best rulers ruled least

– Legalists believed that people were driven by self-interest• Rulers create order through strict laws and harsh punishments