Ch. 2

PopulationKEY ISSUE #1

WHERE IS THE WORLD’S

POPULATION DISTRIBUTED?

KEY ISSUE #2

WHERE HAS THE WORLD’S

POPULATION INCREASED?

KEY ISSUE #3

WHY IS POPULATION

INCREASING AT DIFFERENT

RATES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES?

KEY ISSUE #4

WHY MIGHT THE WORLD

FACE AN OVERPOPULATION

PROBLEM?

Ch. 2 Population

Orphan shoes in Nepal

Typical Person

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B2xOvKFFz4&list=FL1GsI

rXWRtUpWBna5BkgWjA&index=2

Who’s the most typical person in the world?

This cartogram is a reference map showing

percentages of one theme, population.

Which is larger, China or India?

Compare the actual land size of

Bangladesh in the political map on the

right to the size in the cartogram. What

can you deduce from these maps?

Cartogram on a national scale: China Provinces

Size According to

Population Actual Size of Provinces

Population Density: What is the spatial

distribution of people in South Asia and China

compared to global population rates?

Population Density and Climate

What is the Relationship?

Ecumenes: A portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

What Climates do People

Avoid?

• Cold areas (polar regions)

• High areas (Mts, except for

the Andes and some areas

of Africa)

• Arid areas too dry for

farming (deserts)

• Wet areas (rainforests,

flooded basins)

A Population Density map of South Asia: By

which water or physical features do people

cluster? What cultural aspects influence these

crowded ecumenes?

Arithmetic Density

Arithmetic Density - How many

people live in an area of land

Bigger Country = Lower Density

COUNTRY # people per sq km

MACAU 20,824.4

MONACO 16,486.7

HONG KONG 6,571.14

NETHERLANDS 466.45

CHINA 133.69

UNITED STATES 32

USED TO COMPARE

DISTRIBUTION OF

POPULATION IN

DIFFERENT

COUNTRIES

Physiological Density: the number

of people supported by a unit of

arable land.

Agricultural Density: the ratio of the

number of farmers to the amount of

arable land.

Dominance of Percentage of Population in

the Northern Hemisphere compared to the

Southern Hemisphere.

East and South Asia

Western Europe

North America

Other population centers

Other regions

• Southeast Asia

• South America,

Africa, and

Australia do not

have comparable

population concentrations

Countries with Largest Pop

Country Population 2007 Percentage of world

population

Country Population 2050 Percentage of

world population

China 1,318 million 19.9% India 1,747 million 26.4%

India 1,132 million 17.1% China 1,437 million 21.7%

United States 302 million 4.6% United States 420 million 6.3%

Indonesia 232 million 3.5% Indonesia 297 million 4.5%

Brazil 189 million 2.9% Pakistan 295 million 4.5%

Pakistan 169 million 2.6% Nigeria 282 million 4.3%

Bangladesh 149 million 2.3% Brazil 260 million 3.9%

Nigeria 144 million 2.2% Bangladesh 231 million 3.5%

Russia 142 million 2.2% Dern. Rep. of

Congo

187 million 2.8%

Japan 128 million 1.9% Philippines 150 million 2.3%

Check out www.worldmapper.org

Plaid Avenger explains Population

Pyramids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy

3mhBGu8wM

Compare an MDC (Japan) to an LDC (Zimbabwe)

The shape of a pyramid is determined by its crude birth rate

A Demographic Analysis of

Afghanistan

Bhutan: A Demographic Analysis

http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/btportal.html

Afghanistan: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/afportal.html#PYR

India: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/inportal.html

Pakistan: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/pkportal.html

Sri Lanka: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/ceportal.html

Australia

Nairobi 2005

The impact of AIDS

Compare the following factors:

LDC Crude Birth Rate = high

Crude Death Rate = low

Infant Mortality Rate = high

Literacy Rate = low

School Enrollment = low

Total Fertility Rate =high

Total % of pop under 15 =high

Life Expectancy = low

Natural Increase Rate = high

GNI Gross National Income =

low

MDC Crude Birth Rate = low

Crude Death Rate =low

Infant Mortality Rate = low

Literacy Rate = high

School Enrollment = high

Total Fertility Rate = low

Total % of pop under 15 = low

Life Expectancy = high

Natural Increase Rate = low

GNI Gross National Income =

high

Crude Birth Rate

Family Planning: Birth

Control

Let’s compare

Crude Death Rate

Dependency ratio: Young, below 15 and

old, retirement age worldwide

2 demographic factors in ChinaGDP per capita

Literacy Rate

Compare what we consider poverty to a global view:

Based on GDP per capita, a demographic factor

Application of SCALE, national vs. global

Do a comparison of demographic factors

between countries at

www.prb.org

http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf

http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx

You can also download a fact sheet from

www.census.gov www.census.gov

Factfinder: thematic and

reference maps for

demographics

http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2011/world-

population-data-sheet.aspx

.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&feature=player_em

bedded

Clock

http://www.peterrussell.com/Odds/WorldClock.php

Overpopulation: A place does not have

the carrying capacity(available

resources) for its population

Physiological density: # of

people per unit area of arable

land

Agricultural density: ratio of the

number of farmers to the

amount of arable land.

Carrying capacity changes over

time and land degradation.

Pre-industrial South Asia2002 South Asia

Overpopulation: Mali is sparsely

inhabited but has limited resources

Thomas Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of

Population - 1798

Population increased geometrically and food supply

increased arithmetically.

Malthus:

Today: 1 person, 1 unit

of food

25 years later: 2 persons,

2 units of food

50 years later: 4 persons,

3 units of food

75 years later: 8 persons,

4 units of food

100 years later: 16

persons, 5 units of food

Malthus theory compared to actual

world food production and

population, 1950-2000.

Malthus: pop growth would press against available

resources in every country, unless moral restraint

produced lower CBRs and disease, famine, war would

produce higher CDRs

Neo-Malthusians

1. Due to the medical

revolution, many LDCs

have many more

people surviving, higher

CBRs but not more food

production

2. War and violence will

increase dramatically in

the future because so

many people will be

competing for resources

Critics of Malthus

1. He did not take into account

technology that produces

more food (Green Revolution,

hybrid seeds, fertilizer, etc.)

2. Larger pop stimulates eco

growth and production of

more food.

3. More people more brains to

stimulate more ideas.

4. better off with 6 billion than 1

because too few people

retards eco growth

Population Growth Policies to

Curb Overpopulation

Kenya http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan

ce/campaigns.html

China

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/magazine/29Birth-t.html?fta=y

http://www.economist.com/node/21526776?fsrc=scn/tw/te/ar/thelas

twoman

Government programs in

India to curb the fertility

rate

-Sterilization Programs- unpopular due to

Gandhi’s program

-Sex-selection tests: outlawed but still in existence

-Outlawing the Bride Price/Dowry which made it a

burden on a family to have a girl

-Population Growth posters to encourage small

families or to choose girls instead of boys

Overpopulation: Population Growth Policies

Poster encouraging couples to

have small families, showing

contraceptive choices

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan

ce/campaigns.html

Poster depicting to choose to

have girls who can be productive

citizens.

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/04/the_missing_gir

.html

Even with reduced fertility rates, population

continues to grow in South Asia and India in

particular will pass China in 2035

Nepalese School Children Choose Girls!

http://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=jbkSRLYSojo

What characteristics do countries display as

they progress through demographic stages of

development?

The Demographic Transition Model

Stages 1-4

Cape Verde in stage 2,

typical of an LDC

Denmark’s history of population growth, stage 4 since 1970s, large % of elderly

and small % of children, typical of an

MDC

The Plaid Avenger explains the

DTMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqkE4iiHDgc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy3mhBGu8wM

DTM Stages by the Plaid Avenger

1. Billy White loses his

job as a grave

digger.

• 2. Parents start to think

more about

family planning.

• 3. Children are warmer

in bed at night

because they have

more sisters and

brothers.

4. There are more

Golden Weddings.

• 5. A mother sobs over

the grave of her

last six children who

died in a typhoid

epidemic.

6. A lot more houses are

being built.

• 7. The Public Health

Inspector smiles as

the building of sewers

is completed.

8. Fewer children

share a bedroom.

9. Grandparents are

very rare.

• 10. People are

encouraged to

emigrate to

the colonies.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwfH1gYkXTw&list=PLiGXGf3K4NYZCLTdA

aVU3YJXc2szDeENU

World Growth explained

http://www.ted.com/talks/lan

g/en/hans_rosling_religions_an

d_babies.html

Crude Birth Rate changes as

countries progress towards

development, through the DTM

The United States remains in

stage 3 of the demographic

transition model despite its’MDC status.

WHY?

Projection for growth of the U.S. into stage 4

with a major cohort of the population being

elderly or 65 and older by 2020. Why?

Resources:DE BLIJ, HARM, J. (2007). HUMAN GEOGRAPHY PEOPLE, PLACE AND CULTURE.

HOBOKEN, NJ: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC.

DOMOSH, MONA, NEUMANN, RODERIC, PRICE, PATRICIA, & JORDAN-BYCHKOV, 2010. THE HUMAN MOSAIC, A CULTURAL APPROACH TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. NEW YORK: W.H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY.

FELLMAN, JEROME, D., GETIS, ARTHUR, & GETIS, JUDITH, 2008. HUMANGEOGRAPHY, LANDSCAPES OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES. BOSTON, MA: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION.

PULSIPHER, LYDIA MIHELIC AND ALEX M. AND PULSIPHER, 2008. WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, GLOBAL PATTERNS, LOCAL LIVES. W.H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY NEW YORK.

RUBENSTEIN, JAMES M. (2008). AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE. UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ: PEARSON PRENTICE HALL.

BENEWICK, ROBERT, & DONALD, STEPHANIE H. (2005). THE STATE OF

CHINA ATLAS. BERKELEY: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS.

HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/WGBH/NOVA/WORLDBALANCE/

HTTP://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/CGI-BIN/IPC/IDBPYRS.PL?CTY=IN&OUT=D&YMAX=250

WWW.WORLDMAPPER.ORG

WWW.POPULATIONCONNECTION.ORG

HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/FRONTLINEWORLD/ROUGH/2007/04/THE_MISSING_GIR.HTML