ch 19 ap notes.doc

8/14/2019 ch 19 ap notes.doc

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I. Stowe and Helper: Literary Incendiaries1. In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowepublished Uncle Toms Cabin, a popular book that

awakened the passions of the North toward the evils of slavery.o Splitting up of a slave family and the ruel mistreatment of likeable !nle "om

by a ruel slave master.

o "he book sold millions of opies, and overseas, #ritish people were harmed

by it.o "he South ried foul, saying Stowe$s portrayal of slavery was wrong and unfair

%atually &uite lenient'

o "he book helped #ritain stay out of the (ivil )ar beause its people, who had

read the book and had now denouned slavery beause they sympathi*ed with!nle "om, wouldn$t allow intervention on behalf of the South %in theory'.

2. +nother book, The Impending Crisis of the South, written by Hinton R. Helper, a

nonaristorati white North (arolinian, tried to prove, by an array of statistis, thatthe nonslaveholding Southern whites were really the ones most hurt by slavery.

o -ublished in the North, this book and Uncle Toms Cabinwere both banned in

the South, but widely read in the North. "hey drove the NorthSouth wedgedeeper.

II. The North-South Contest for Kansas

1. Northerners and Southerns began to pour into /ansas, and Southerners were

outraged, sine they had supported the Coproise of !"#$under the impressionthat /ansas would beome a slave state %/ansas Nebraska +t (anelled this'.

2. "hus, on eletion day in 1855, hordes of armed Southerners 0border ruffians fromissouri flooded the polls and eleted /ansas to be a slave state3 freesoilers wereunable to stomah this and set up their own government in "opeka %not seret ballot'.

o "hus, onfused /ansans had to hose between two governments4 one illegal

%free government in "opeka' and the other fraudulent %slavery government inShawnee'.

. In 1856, a group of proslavery raiders shot up and burnt part of 7awrene, thusstarting violene.

III. Kansas in Con%ulsion

1. &ohn Brown, led a band of followers to -ottawatomie (reek in ay of 1856 and

haked to death five pro slave advoates.o "his brutal violene surprised even the most ardent abolitionists and brought

swift retaliation from Southern supports. 0Bleedin' Kansas was earning itsname.

2. #y 185, /ansas had enough people to apply for statehood, and those for slavery

devised the Lecopton Constitution, whih provided that the people were onlyallowed to vote for the onstitution 0with slavery or 0without slavery.

o 9owever, even if the onstitution was passed 0without slavery, those

slaveholders already in the state would still be proteted. So, slaves would bein /ansas, despite the vote.

o +ngry freesoilers boyotted the polls and /ansas approved the onstitution

with slavery.

3. In )ashington, &aes Buchananhad sueeded :ranklin -iere, but like the former

president, #uhanan was more towards the South, and firmly supported the7eompton (onstitution.


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4. Senator Stephen (ou'las ;


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5. "he NorthSouth soreboard now favored the South undeniably. "he South had %1'the Supreme (ourt, %2' the president, and %' the (onstitution on its side. "he Northhad only (ongress %whih was now banned from outlawing slavery'.

o =easons the (onstitution favored the SouthB

1. the Supreme (ourt Aust said so with the ;red Sott deision and it isthe Supreme (ourt that interprets the (onstitution

2. the 5th +mendment said (ongress ould not take away property, in

this ase, slaves

3. it ould be argued that slavery isin the (onstitution by way of the

"hree:ifths (ompromiseF. it ould be argued slavery is notin the (onstitution sine the word

0slavery is not present, but using this argument, the 1Eth+mendment said anything not in the (onstitution is left up to the

states, and the Southern states would vote for slavery.

)III. The /inancial Crash of !"#3

1. anic of !"#3

o (alifornia gold ausing inflation,

o overgrowth of grain,o overspeulation, as always, this time in land and railroads.

2. "he North was espeially hard hit, but the South rode it out with flying olors,seemingly proving that otton was indeed king and raising Southern egos.

. +lso, in 186E, (ongress passed a 9omestead +t that would provide 16E ares of landat a heap prie for those who were lessfortunate, but it was vetoed by #uhanan.

o "his plan, though, was opposed by the northeast, whih had long been

unfriendly to e@tension of land and had feared that it would drain itspopulation even more, and the south, whih knew that it would provide aneasy way for more freesoilers to fill the territories.

F. "he pani also brought alls for a higher tariff rate, whih had been lowered to about2EG only months before.

I4. 5n Illinois Rail-Splitter 0er'es

1. In 1858, Senator Stephen ;ouglas$ term was about to e@pire, and against him was=epublian 52raha Lincoln.

4. The 6reat (e2ate: Lincoln )ersus (ou'las

1. 7inoln rashly hallenged ;ouglas, the nation$s most devastating debater, to a seriesof seven debates, whih the Senator aepted, and despite e@petations of failure,7inoln held his own.

2. "he most famous debate ame at :reeport, Illinois, where 7inoln essentially asked,0r. ;ouglas, if the people of a territory voted slavery down, despite the Supreme

(ourt saying that they ould not do so %point H2 of the ;red Sott deision', whihside would you support, the people or the Supreme (ourto 0r. -opular Sovereignty, ;ouglas replied with his 0/reeport (octrine,

whih said that no matter how the Supreme (ourt ruled, slavery would staydown if the people voted it down3 sine power was held by the people.

. ;ouglas won the Illinois rae for senate, but 7inoln had gained national attention, andwas well situated for future politis %had already been in the 9ouse'.

o -lus, ;ouglas 0won the battle but lost the war beause his answer in the

:reeport ;otrine aused the South to dislike him even more.


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"he South had loved ;ouglas prior to this due to his popular

sovereignty position, but then ame the /ansas proslavery vote whihhe$d shot down.

"hen the :reeport ;otrine ame down where he turned his bak on

the Supreme (ourt$s proSouth deision'.o "his :reeport statement ruined the 186E eletion for presideny for him, whih

was what he really wanted all along.

4I. &ohn Brown: 7urderer or 7artyr8

1. ?ohn #rown now had a plan to invade the South, sei*e its arms, all upon the slaves torise up and revolt, and take over the South and free it of slaves. #ut, in his raid ofHarper9s /erry, Jirginia, the slaves didn$t revolt, and he was aptured by the !.S.

arines under the ommand of 7ieutenant (olonel Ro2ert 0. Leeand onvited oftreason, sentened to death, and hanged.

2. #rown portrayed himself as a martyr against slavery, and when he was hanged, heinstantly beame a martyr for abolitionists3 northerners rallied around his memory.+bolitionists were infuriated by his e@eution %as they$d onveniently forgotten hisviolent past'.

. "he South was happy and saw Austie. "hey also felt his ations were typial of theradial North.

4II. The (isruption of the (eocrats

1. +fter failing to nominate a andidate in (harleston, South (arolina, the ;emorats

split into Northern and Southern fations, and at #altimore, the Northern ;emoratsnominated Stephen (ou'lasfor president while the Southern ;emorats hose &ohnC. Brec,inrid'e.

2. eanwhile, the 0/nowNothings hose &ohn Bellof "ennessee and alled themselvesthe (onstitutional !nion party. "hey tried to mend fenes and offered as theirplatform, simply, the (onstitution. K

4III. 5 Rail-Splitter Splits the nion

1. "he =epublians, sensing vitory against their split opponents, nominated 52raha

Lincoln, not )illiam 09igher 7aw Seward.2. "heir platform had an appeal to every important nonsouthern group4 for freesoilers it

proposed the none@pansion of slavery3 for northern manufaturers, a protetivetariff3 for the immigrants, no abridgement of rights3 for the )est, internalimprovements at federal e@pense3 and for the farmers, free homesteads.

. Southerners threatened that 7inoln$s eletion would result in Southern seession.F. 7inoln wasn$t an outright abolitionist, sine as late as :ebruary 1865, he had still

favored ash ompensation for free slaves.5. +be 7inoln won the eletion despite not even being on the ballot in the South.

4I). The 0lectoral phea%al of !"1$

1. 7inoln won with only FEG of the popular vote, and had the ;emorati -arty beenmore organi*ed and energeti, they might have won.

2. It was a very setional rae4 the North went to 7inoln, the South to #rekinridge, the0middleground to the middleoftheroad andidate in #ell, and popularsovereigntyland went to ;ouglas.


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. "he =epublians did not ontrol the 9ouse or the Senate, and the South still had afivetofour maAority in the Supreme (ourt, but the South still deided to seede.

4). The Secessionist 0;odus

1. South (arolina had threatened to seede if 7inoln was eleted president, and now it

went good on its word, seeding in ;eember of 186E.o +labama, ississippi, :lorida, Leorgia, 7ouisiana, and "e@as %the ;eep South'

followed in the ne@t si@ weeks, before +be was inaugurated.o "he seven seession states met in ontgomery, +labama in :ebruary of 1861

and reated the Confederate States of 5erica, and they hose ?efferson;avis as president.

2. -resident #uhanan did nothing to fore the onfederay bak into the !nion, partlybeause the !nion troops were needed in the )est and beause the North was stillapatheti toward seession3 he simply left the issue for 7inoln to handle when he gotsworn in.

4)I. The Collapse of Coproise

1. In a lastminute attempt at ompromise %again', ?ames 9enry (rittenden of /entuky

proposed the Crittenden Coproise, whih would ban slavery north of the 6DE$line e@tended to the -aifi and would leave the issue in territories south of the line upto the people3 also, e@isting slavery south of the line would be proteted.

2. 7inoln opposed the ompromise, whih might have worked, beause his party hadpreahed against the e@tension of slavery, and he had to stik to priniple.

. It also seems that #uhanan ouldn$t have saved the !nion no matter what he wouldhave done.

4)II. /arewell to nion

1. "he seeding states did so beause they feared that their rights as a slaveholding

minority were being threatened, and were alarmed at the growing power of the=epublians, plus, they believed that they would be unopposed despite what theNortherners laimed.

2. "he South also hoped to develop its own banking and shipping, and to prosper.. #esides, in 16, the 1 olonies had seeded from #ritain and had won3 now the

South ould do the same thing.

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ch 19 ap notes.doc