CH 14 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

ABNORMAL

• Frequently occurring behavior would be normal• Something that goes against the norms or

standards of society• A person can go against the norm and not be abnormal

• Issues in life• Subjective discomfort• Maladaptive• Socio cultural perspective• Cultural bound syndrome

HOW TO DETERMINE AN ISSUE

• Is behavior unusual• Does it go against social norm• Does the behavior cause the person significant

discomfort• Is the behavior dangerous to self or others• Two or more is a classification as a psychological

disorder

• People have a right to be different

DSM IV TR

• 1952 the first edition was published• We are on the fifth edition

• 250 different disorders• Symptoms• Path of progression• Checklist of criteria• Divides disorders into categories or axes

5 AXIS

• Axis I – Clinical Disorder• Axis II – Personality Disorder that may accompany

Clinical Disorder• Axis III- Physical Disorders• Axis IV - Life adjustment issues• Axis V – GAF Score, Global Assessment of

Functioning• 0-100 Scale, a certain level is needed to be in hospital

PROS AND CONS OF LABELING

• Develop a common language• Able to get resources and insurance

• Stigma • May give a person a crutch

ANXIETY DISORDERS

• Phobias – irrational, persistent fear of an abject, situation, or social activity• Social Phobias – fear of interacting with others or social

situations• Specific Phobias – fear of objects or specific situations or

events• Agoraphobia – fear of being in a place or situation

• Panic – panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause difficulty in a person’s life• Panic attack – sudden onset of intense panic,

multiple physical symptoms occur and a person might feel as if they are dying

ANXIETY DISORDERS

• OCD – intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing repetitive behavior • PTSD – disorder resulting from exposure to a major

stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, poor sleep, and poor concentration lasting more than a month• Typical with veterans/domestic violence victims• Acute Stress Disorder – last for 4 weeks after a traumatic

event

ANXIETY DISORDERS• Generalized Anxiety Disorder – a person has feelings of

dread and doom along with physical symptoms of stress• No real external source• Occurs most days in a 6 month period• Worry excessively about money, health, friends, family• May occur with Depression

CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS

• Learned behaviors/feelings• Irrational thought processes Magnification –

interpreting things are far more serious than they• All or nothing thought process• Overgeneralization • Minimization• Biological factors

MOOD DISORDER

• Major Depression – severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causes, or too severe for current issues • Most common diagnosed mood disorder• Most of the day in depression• Suicidal thoughts

• Bipolar Disorder – severe mood swing between major depressive and manic episodes• Manic episode – excessive excitement, energy, and elation• Cycle of up and down moods

CAUSES OF MOOD DISORDER

• Genetics• Behaviorists – learned helplessness• Distorted thinking • Self defeating thoughts about themselves• Certain times of year – Seasonal Affective

Disorder

EATING DISORDERS

• Anorexia Nervosa – reducing eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below expected body weight• Causes major health issues, heart thyroid, hormones• Obsessed with exercise• They will also throw up or take laxatives• Hospitalization will be required for treatment

• Bulimia – a cycle of binging or overeating at one sitting and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain• Purging – vomiting or misuse of laxatives• Binge may be triggered by a stress in life, then the person is

not able to stop, they have no self control• Health consequences• Hospitalization will be required for treatment

CAUSES OF EATING DISORDERS

• Biological• History of abuse• Need for some control in life• Perfection

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER

• Dissociative - break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or a combination• Amnesia – loss of memory of personal information, partial or

complete• Fugue – traveling away from familiar surroundings, forgetting

trip as well as potential personal info • Dissociative identify disorder – when a person has

one or more different personalities • “Core” personality• Has been criticized as not true

CAUSES OF DID

• Repression of threatening or unacceptable thoughts• Person may feel guilty or shame of who they are

and have negative thoughts on them selves• Avoid the thoughts by going somewhere else

• Person may “develop” it to gain attention, get away with behaviors

SCHIZOPHRENIA

• Symptoms• Disordered thinking• Bizarre behavior• Hallucinations• Inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality• Delusions – false beliefs about the world• Persecution – others are trying to hurt them• Reference – famous people are talking to them• Influence – controlled by outside forces• Grandeur – they are powerful

• Hallucinations – hear or see things or people that are not real

SCHIZOPHRENIA

• Categories • Disorganized• Confused in speech• Vivid and frequent hallucinations• Unable to function in daily life

• Catatonic• May not move at all• Does not respond to the outside world

• Paranoid• Hallucinations• Delusions• Persecution• Grandeur• Jealousy

CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

• Biological• Genetic• Brain defect• A person may have schizophrenia and a traumatic

event may bring the symptoms out

PERSONALITY DISORDERS

• Affects the person’s whole life adjustment• The disorder is the personality of the person, not one

aspect of it.• Difficult to change

• Antisocial personality disorder• No morals or conscience and is often impulsive • Socio paths/ serial killers• The person that cheats there way through school or work

and has no regard for who they may hurt along the way• Borderline personality• Person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity,

and often clings to other

CAUSES OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS

• Learned• Genetics• Abuse• Disturbances in family relationships