Ch. 14 –Composition of Matter

Lesson 1 – Building Blocks

List the 3 particles that make up atoms

• Protons

• Neutrons

• electrons

Model of an atom

http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/atommodels.htm

http://richardbowles.tripod.com/chemistry/structure/structure.htm

Write the chemical symbols & the number of protons in an atom for

each element

Symbol Proton #

Nickel

Copper

Silver

Gold

Looking at the Periodic Table which elements have the same properties

in common with oxygen?

• Sulfur

• Selenium

• Tellurium

• polonium

Elements in today’s periodic table are arranged according to

what?

• Atomic number

Ch. 14 –Composition of Matter

Lesson 2 - Compounds

All Matter can be classified into ____?_ major groups. What are

they?

• Pure substances

• mixtures

Give examples of Mixtures

• Chicken noodle soup

• Jello with fruit

• Kool-Aid

• Beef stew

Ionic bonds• A. In ionic bonding, one atom

either loses or gains electrons, therefore taking on a net charge.  Atoms that lose or gain electrons are no longer called atoms but rather ions.  

• Since electrons are negative, an atom which loses electrons become positively charged and an atom which gains electrons becomes negatively charged.  Positive ions are called cations and negative ions are called anions.  A good example of an ionic compund is salt whose chemical formula is NaCl.  The Na+ and Cl- are held together by the attraction of their opposite electrical charges.  

If the chemical formula for the common table salt is NaCl, what are the names of the elements

that form this compound?

• Sodium

• chlorine

Ch. 14 –Composition of MatterCh. 14 –Composition of Matter

Lesson 3- Mixtures

What could you do if you needed to quickly dissolve a lot of salt in a

container of water?

• Increase the surface area of the solution

• Increase the temperature of the water

• Stir or shake the solution

Ch. 14 –Composition of MatterCh. 14 –Composition of Matter

Lesson 4 – Acids & Bases

Give at least 2 examples of food that are acids

• Lemons/lemon juice

• Vinegar

• Soft drinks

• Tomatoes/tomato juice

To identify compounds as acid or bases, you should always

use what?

• Litmus paper

List characteristics of bases

• Tastes bitter

• Feels slippery

• Turn red litmus paper blue

• Have low concentrations of hydrogen ions

• React easily with other substances

When people get stomach pains, it is sometimes because the stomach is

overproducing stomach acid. Stomach acid has a pH of 1. Antacids are bases that people take to ease the discomfort caused by stomach

acids. In terms, of pH, describe how an antacid might work.

• The antacid, which is a base, neutralizes the stomach acid. The antacid helps bring the pH of the stomach contents closer to pH 7, which is neutral.

Definitions you will need to know for the test

• Neutrons

• Elements

• Electrons

• Ion

• Solution

• Acid

• atom