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Organs of the Respiratory systemOrgans of the Respiratory systemOrgans of the Respiratory systemOrgans of the Respiratory system
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Physiology of System& Terminology
Physiology of System& Terminology
Physiology: Purify, moistens, and warm incoming airPhysiology: Purify, moistens, and warm incoming air
External respiration- Gas exchange between outside and blood
Ventilation- inhalation & exhalation
Respiratory gas transport in blood
Internal respiration- gas exchange between blood and cells
Nasal CavityNasal CavityNostrils- allow air in and outNostrils- allow air in and out
(Septum- separates nostrils)
•Mucosa membrane lining
•-olfactory receptors
•-ciliated cells & hairs
•Contains Paranasal sinuses
Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses Hollow cavities inside skull Lightens skull Resonance chambers for speech
Hollow cavities inside skull Lightens skull Resonance chambers for speech
PharynxPharynx
Aka Throat (13 cm)
(food and air)
Aka Throat (13 cm)
(food and air)
Includes tonsils- adenoids, palatine, and lingual(located on next slide)
**Tonsils are part of lymphatic system (not respiratory)
Slide 13.3bSlide
13.3bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 13.2
Upper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory Tract
LarynxLarynxAKA voicebox(routes air & food to proper channels)
AKA voicebox(routes air & food to proper channels)
Thyroid Cartilages (hyaline)-forms Adam’s apple
Epiglottis- active when swallowing…”keeper of the airway”
Vocal cords
TracheaTracheaAKA windpipeAKA windpipe
Mucosa membrane lining
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Hyaline cartilage rings – prevent collapse
Heimlich maneuver
BronchiBronchi
“Tubes” into lungs“Tubes” into lungs
Right & Left Primary Bronchus
Hyaline cartilage rings
Start of “bronchial tree”
LungsLungsSerosa membrane around lungs(visceral pleura & parietal pleura)Serosa membrane around lungs(visceral pleura & parietal pleura)
Contain Bronchioles- primary, secondary, tertiary, terminal (rest of bronchial tree)
Lobes- 2 on left, 3 on right
Surfactant secreting cells lowers surface tension of the film of water lining each alveoli sac
LungsLungsLungsLungs
Slide 13.12b
Slide 13.12b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 13.4b
Bronchial TreeBronchial Tree
Respiratory Tree in LungsRespiratory Tree in Lungs
Bronchial TreeBronchial Tree
Respiratory Tree in LungsRespiratory Tree in Lungs
Slide 13.12b
Slide 13.12b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
BronchiolesBronchiolesBronchiolesBronchioles
Slide 13.15a
Slide 13.15a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 13.5a
Smallest branches of the bronchi
Terminal bronchioles end in alveoli
AlveoliAlveoliAlveoliAlveoli
Slide 13.15c
Slide 13.15c
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveoli (indiv. bulbs)
The site of gas exchange (external respiration)
Figure 13.5a
Let’s Summarize!Let’s Summarize!On a piece of paper, trace the pathway of an oxygen
molecule through the respiratory system from start (#1 - mouth) to end (#10 - alveoli).
On a piece of paper, trace the pathway of an oxygen molecule through the respiratory system from start (#1 - mouth) to end (#10 - alveoli).
Word/Structure Bank
•Larynx
•Pharynx
•Trachea
•Oral cavity
•Mouth
•Alveolus
•Primary Bronchi
•Air Sac
•Bronchioles (secondary, tertiary, and terminal)
•Air Duct
__ Nasal Cavity
__ Paranasal Sinuses
__ Pharynx
__ Larynx
__ Trachea
__ Bronchi
__ Bronchioles
__ Alveoli
__ Lung
__ Nasal Cavity
__ Paranasal Sinuses
__ Pharynx
__ Larynx
__ Trachea
__ Bronchi
__ Bronchioles
__ Alveoli
__ Lung
A. Multiple lobes, contains “bronchial tree”
B. Hollow spaces, resonance chambers for sound
C. Very Thin! Site of external respiration (gas exchange)
D. Where air enters
E. Smaller branches of bronchi (secondary, tertiary, etc.)
F. “throat” & includes tonsils
G. “voice box” contains epiglottis & vocal cords
H. Beginning of bronchial tree, contains hyaline cartilage
I. “wind pipe”, pseudostratified Cilliated Columnar epitheliun, hyaline cartilage rings
Respiratory MembraneRespiratory MembraneSimple squamous epithelium of alveoliSimple squamous epithelium of alveoli
Diffusion of O2 from alveoli into blood
Simple squamous epithelium of capillary
Diffusion of CO2 from blood into alveoli
Respiratory Membrane Respiratory Membrane (Air-Blood Barrier)(Air-Blood Barrier)Respiratory Membrane Respiratory Membrane (Air-Blood Barrier)(Air-Blood Barrier)
Slide 13.18b
Slide 13.18b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 13.6
Respiratory PhysiologyRespiratory Physiology
Pulmonary Ventilation- Inhalation- O2 from outside into respiratory system
Pulmonary Ventilation- Inhalation- O2 from outside into respiratory system
(Pathway)- nasal cavity to alveoli in lungs
Respiratory physiologyRespiratory physiology
External Respiration- O2 diffuses from alveoli into blood (across respiratory membrane) External Respiration- O2 diffuses from alveoli into blood (across respiratory membrane)
Respiratory PhysiologyRespiratory PhysiologyRespiratory Gas Transport- O2 carried (by Fe of
hemoglobin in RBC’s of blood) to body cellsRespiratory Gas Transport- O2 carried (by Fe of
hemoglobin in RBC’s of blood) to body cells
Respiratory physiologyRespiratory physiologyInternal Respiration-
-O2 (needed for aerobic cellular
respiration) diffuses from blood into body cells
- CO2 (toxic waste product from
aerobic cellular respiration) diffuses from body cells into blood
Internal Respiration-
-O2 (needed for aerobic cellular
respiration) diffuses from blood into body cells
- CO2 (toxic waste product from
aerobic cellular respiration) diffuses from body cells into blood
Respiratory physiologyRespiratory physiologyRespiratory Gas Transport -CO2 is carried (by blood) from body cells to respiratory membrane
Respiratory Gas Transport -CO2 is carried (by blood) from body cells to respiratory membrane
Respiratory PhysiologyRespiratory PhysiologyExternal respiration -CO2 diffuses from blood into the alveoli (across respiratory membrane)
Respiratory PhysiologyRespiratory Physiology
Pulmonary Ventilation- exhalation- CO2 exits respiratory system to outside environment (Pathway) from alveoli of lungs out nasal cavity
Review: Put in order from start (inhale) to end (exhale)
Review: Put in order from start (inhale) to end (exhale)
__ Pulmonary Ventilation (exhalation)
__ External Respiration (O2 from alveoli to blood)
__ External Respiration (CO2 from blood into alveoli)
__ Internal (aerobic cellular) Respiration
__ Respiratory Gas Transport (CO2 carried to alveoli via blood)
__ Pulminary Ventilation (inhalation)
__ Respiratory Gas Transport (O2 carried to body cells via blood)
__ Pulmonary Ventilation (exhalation)
__ External Respiration (O2 from alveoli to blood)
__ External Respiration (CO2 from blood into alveoli)
__ Internal (aerobic cellular) Respiration
__ Respiratory Gas Transport (CO2 carried to alveoli via blood)
__ Pulminary Ventilation (inhalation)
__ Respiratory Gas Transport (O2 carried to body cells via blood)
Respiratory VideosRespiratory VideosCirculatory & Respiratory Systems
- CrashCourse Biology #27 – YouTube
PCCS Dr. Herlihy on Dr. Oz for Mega Lungs - YouTube
Circulatory & Respiratory Systems - CrashCourse Biology #27 – YouTube
PCCS Dr. Herlihy on Dr. Oz for Mega Lungs - YouTube