Islam Chapter 13

• Islam = Submission to God • Believers in Islam are called Muslims• The prophet Muhammad’s religious message

resonated deeply with Arabs• North Africa, Middle East, parts of Spain, India

and Central Asia were converted to Islam.• Chief building for Muslim worship is a mosque• Was a very popular religion along the Arabian

peninsula early 7th century

Impact of Islam• Islam – Arabia, India, Spain – appealed to

many converts• A love of lyrics and poetry are seen

throughout their culture• Arab scholars laid foundations of

arithmetic and algebra• Islam spread quickly, impacted western

medieval art• Controlled by political governors called

Caliph’s

Dome of the Rock

Dome of the Rock 687-691 –Jerusalem

• Domed wooden octagon• Celebrates a new religion coming to the city• Muslims took columns from Roman monuments• 3 different interpretations – Adam’s burial,

Abraham’s sacrifice and Muhammad's journey to heaven

• Like San Vitale • Wooden dome

Great Mosque 706ce Syria

Heavy Roman Influence

• Capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus, Syria

• Bought a Byzantine church, built a Mosque for the rising Muslim population

• Similar to early Christian and Roman Art

Minaret – a tall slenderColumn used to call people to prayer

The Great Mosque 836ce Tunisa 836CE

What type of hall layout is this?

Details in a Mosque

• Qibla – a wall which is in the direction towards Mecca

• Prayer is communal and private

• Mihrab – niche in the wall (popular with Rome when inclosing a sculpture)

Mosaic in the Courtyard

Roman, Byzantine and early christian art influence

Umayyad Palace – Mshatta Jordan 740ad

• Elaborate Mosaics are inside these Mosques.

• Clusters of horses, rivers, vegetation on secular side

• Mosque side has no patterns

Minaret of The Great Mosque Samarra, Iraq 848 ce

What does this tower remind you of ?

Mausoleum of the Samanids, Bukhara, 10th Century

• How did they bury their dead?

• - they created a Mausoleum

• Dome on cube arch.

• Brick squinches

Prayer hall of the Great Mosque, 8th Cordoba,Spain

-Double tiered arches, carried a wooden roof

-Hypostyle Prayer Hall-Hall becomes light and airy

-Columns recycled from ancient Roman Sculptures

Maqsura of the Great mosque – Corboba, Spain 961ce

Dome in front of the mirhab of the Great Mosque

• Ribs and squinches• Intricate , 45 degree

angles

Confronting lions and palm tree, fragment of a textile – 8th century

• Zoomorphic• Animals run across

between the roundels

-Calligraphers are the most respected artists and are the highest form of art in the Islamic world-words on the walls of buildings

Koran Page 18 -9th and 10th Century

Later Islamic Art –Muqarnas dome – 1354-1391, Granada Spain

• Hall of the two sisters• Rose color• Octangular dome• Stucco decoration• Dome of heaven• Light• Palace residence of

Muhammad V

• Islamic Capital moved to Egypt.

• Largest Muslim city of the late middle ages

• Sultan Hasan a prolific builder of Islamic history.

Madrasa and Mausoleumfor Sultan Hasan, Cairo Egypt 1356

• Madrasa- place of study to learn Islamic Law

• 4 colleges, mosque, mausoleum, orphanage and hospital, baths, shops

• Incorporates religious, educational and charitable functions

• Large central courtyard

• White building

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/hassanmosque.htm

Sultan Hasan Mosque

• Iwan

Sinan, interior of the Mosque of Slelim II Turkey – Outshined

Christians?

Sultan Muhammad – The court of the Gayumars

– watercolor and gold on paper – 1525 - Iran