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CH. 12- Europe
“The Peninsula of Peninsulas”
Ch. 12.1 “Landforms and Resources”
• Peninsulas and Islands
1. Northern Peninsulas (Norway & Sweden)
– Fjords: steep u-shaped valleys, cut by glaciers, provide
excellent harbors for fishing boats
Jutland Peninsula
2. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
• Italian penisula-
Italy and the
Sicilian island
• Iberian Penisula –
Portugal and Spain
• Balkan –Contains
Greece, Bulgaria,
Yugolslavia,
Macedonia,
Croatia, Bosnia &
Herzegovina, and
Slovenia
3. Islands Great Britain
Iceland Greenland
*Both Iceland and Greenland were settled by
Scandinavians: people who are from Norway
and /or Sweden
Mountains and Uplands 1. Mountains in Europe
separate groups of people
• Alps
Mountains and Uplands Cont.
2. Uplands:
• Hills or very low
mountains that may
also contain mesas
and high plateaus
1. Kjolen Mountains
(Scandinavia)
2. Brittany (France)
3. Meseta (Spain)
4. Massif (Central
France)
Meseta Mountains
Rivers “Europe's Links”
• Rivers used to transport goods and ideas
between coastal harbors and inland
• Two major rivers:
Danube River
Rhine River
Fertile Plains
• Northern European Plain
– One of the most fertile agricultural areas of the world
• Stretches across France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Poland
Resources
• Two most abundant are
coal and iron ore.
– Ruhr Valley (Germany)
– Alsace-Lorraine (France)
• North Sea Floor holds
deposits of oil and
Natural Gas
• Peat: partially decayed
plant matter that is found
in bogs
12.2 “Climate and Vegetation”
• Westerly Winds control
the cold temp on Atlantic
coast of Europe
– North Atlantic Drift:
warm water flows near
Europe’s West Coast
• Alps create harsh
climate zone by trapping
weather systems
– high elevation = colder
climate
Mediterranean • From Southern Spain to Greece
• Mistral: cold dry wind from north
• Sirocco: hot steady wind blows from N.
Africa to S. Europe
Land of the Midnight Sun
• Northern Scandinavia
• Land is permafrost
• No trees, moss or
lichen
• Winter nights long,
days short
• Summer days long,
nights short
12.3 “Human Environment
Interaction”
• Dutch Netherlands – Much of land is below
sea level therefore prone to floods
Netherlands – Seaworks: structures used to control sea
• Dikes: earthen dams
• Polders: process that reclaim land by diking and draining
• Terpens: platforms that provide safety during floods or high
tides
– Zuider Zee- arm of the N. Sea, now freshwater lake
Terpens
Venice
• Movement of people and goods is dependent upon using the 150+ canals
• Weight of buildings is compressing the ground forcing the city to sink
• Pollution from sewer, boats, saltwater
Deforestation
• Forests cleared for
fuel, or for building
structures
• Acid Rains, by
product of waste
emissions (sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen
oxide)
3, 2, 1s • 3 things you found out
• 2 things you found interesting
• 1 question you still have