Ch 12 Blood Disorders

7/27/2019 Ch 12 Blood Disorders

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BLOOD DISORDERS


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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

CO binds to yourhemoglobin, prevents oxygen frombinding. Can be fatal. It is a "silent killer" as people often die intheir sleep when a heater fails.

Carbon monoxidedeaths are morelikely to occur inwinter

Article from 2010, StClair County
http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/7aa2abfc-28ce-5da6-9910-37c76a788420.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/7aa2abfc-28ce-5da6-9910-37c76a788420.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/7aa2abfc-28ce-5da6-9910-37c76a788420.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/7aa2abfc-28ce-5da6-9910-37c76a788420.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/7aa2abfc-28ce-5da6-9910-37c76a788420.htmlhttp://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/7aa2abfc-28ce-5da6-9910-37c76a788420.html


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ANEMIAIron-Deficiency Anemia (most common)

Aplastic Anemia bone marrow does not

produce enough RBC

Hemorrhagic anemia due to extreme blood

loss

Pernicious anemia B12 deficiency

Sickle Cell Anemia (genetic) -

blood cells abnormally shaped


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SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Genetic

Disorder

Abnormallyshaped blood

cells

Parents can becarriers

(asymptomatic)


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Complications

1.Pain2.Lethargy

3.Lifelong anemia

(low red blood count)4.Organ failure

5.Stroke


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Leukemia

Type of cancerOverproduction of immature white blood

cells

They take the place of RBCs

Treatable with bone marrow transplants,

chemothemotherapy, radiation


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Blood Smear of a

patient with

Leukemia


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Blood Smear; Leukemia


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Leukemia is one of the most common childhood cancers. It occurs

when large numbers of abnormal white blood cells fill the bone

marrow and sometimes enter the bloodstream.

Because these abnormal blood cells are defective, they don't help

protect the body against infection the way normal white blood cells

do. And because they grow uncontrollably, they take over the bone

marrow and interfere with the body's production of other important

types of cells in the bloodstream, like red blood cells (which carry

oxygen) and platelets (which help blood to clot).

St. Jude Hospital


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Infectious mononucleosis

sometimes called "mono" or "thekissing disease," is an infection

usually caused by the Epstein-Barr

virus (EBV).

The designation "mononucleosis"

refers to an increase in one type of

white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the

bloodstream

EBV is very common, and many

people have been exposed to the

virus at some time in childhood.

Article at Medicinenet
http://www.medicinenet.com/infectious_mononucleosis/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/infectious_mononucleosis/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/infectious_mononucleosis/article.htm


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Blood poisoning - Septicemia

An infection enters the blood stream

Can be deadly

Treated with antibioticsAlso called "sepsis"


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Thrombocytopenia

Low production of Platelets

Causing bleeding or bruising

A bruise is caused when tiny bloodvessels are damaged or broken as theresult of a blow to the skin (be itbumping against something or hittingyourself with a hammer).

The raised area of a bump or bruiseresults from blood leaking from theseinjured blood vessels into the tissuesas well as from the body's response tothe injury.


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Hemophilia - inability or reduced abilityof the blood to clot; genetic disorder

(more on this later)

von Willebrand Disease - also a clotting disorder,but not as severe, excessive bruising occurs


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HEMOPHILIA

This disorder causes a failureof the blood to clot

Patients can be treated with

blood transfusions that

include clotting agents.


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Queen Victoria

Carrier for Hemophilia


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Jaundice

In newborns, caused by the liver not

functioning fully

Secretes bilirubin into the blood causing

the yellow color

Exposure to flourescent lights (bili lights)

will break down the substance


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Quick Genetics Review

A gene consists of 2 alleles

(represented by letters)

One allele is usually dominant over the other

Example:

Genotype Phenotype

PP widows peak

Pp widows peak

pp straight hairline


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A person with a widow's peak (Pp) is marriedto a person with a straight hairline (pp), what

percentage of their children will have astraight hairline?


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Two people who are both heterozygous for thewidow's peak trait are married. What percentage oftheir children will have a straight hairline?


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Sickle Cell Anemia is actually codominant

AA = normalAa = sickle cell trait (few symptoms)

aa = sickle cell anemia


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If both parents are carriers, child has a chance of

having the disease


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A female has sickle cell anemia and is married to aman who appears normal. A doctor tests the manand determines that he does NOT have sickle cell

trait. What is the chance that this couple will have achild with sickle cell anemia?


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What happens when afemale who is a carrier

marries man with sicklecell anemia?


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Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome

Females X H X H normal

X H X hcarrier

X h X hhemophiliac

Males X H Y normal

X h Y hemophiliac


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What happens when a femalewho is a carrier marries a

normal man?

Wh t h h f l h i l


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What happens when a female who is normalmarries a man who has hemophilia?

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Ch 12 Blood Disorders