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Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
The Science of PsychologyThe Science of Psychology
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Chapter Overview
I. The Nature of Psychology
II. The Scope of Psychology
III. Methods
IV. Issues
VIII. Review
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
I. The Nature of PsychologyA. “The Common Sense
Psychology Quiz”B. The Scientist v. the
Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration
C. Definition and Goals
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
I. The Nature of Psychology
A. “The Common Sense Psychology Quiz”
B. The Scientist v. the Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration
C. Definition and Goals
I. The Nature of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
1. The titles “psychologist” and “psychiatrist” refer to the same
profession.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
2. Psychologists study behavior and the mind, but not biology.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
3. Most psychologists believe that ESP exists.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
4. A person who is blind in one eye can’t see depth and therefore can’t
fly an airplane.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
5. Some people never dream.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
6. When we sleep, the brain sleeps as well.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
7. Negative reinforcement is the same as punishment.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
8. We can’t do much to improve our memory.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
9. Eyewitness testimony is some of the best evidence used by police
and in court trials.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
10. In order to be creative, a person must be very intelligent.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
11. A person’s intelligence is partially determined by brain size.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
12. Instinct determines many of our behaviors.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
13. The more motivated and aroused you are, the better your
performance will be.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
14. We can train babies to walk at an early age.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
15. There is not much society can do to help the mentally retarded.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
16. All psychologists do is therapy.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
17. Shock treatment is often used for people with anxiety.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
18. A correlation between two variables means that one of those
variables causes the other.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
19. Most of us would not follow instructions from an authority figure
to hurt another person.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
20. Opposite types of people attract each other.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
21. A person with schizophrenia has a split personality.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
22. How a person shows he is happy depends on his culture and
up bringing.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
23. Most old people have some degree of senility.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
24. Many People come through adolescence with emotional scars
and conflicts.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
25. People with hypochondriasis pretend to be sick.
False
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
I. The Nature of Psychology
A. “The Common Sense Psychology Quiz”
B. The Scientist v. the Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration
C. Definition and Goals
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
I. The Nature of Psychology
A. “The Common Sense Psychology Quiz”
B. The Scientist v. the Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration
C. Definition and Goals
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
I. The Nature of Psychology
1. Definition:
2. Goals
C. Definition and Goals
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
I. The Nature of Psychology
1. Definition:2. Goals
a. To understandb. To explainc. To predictd. To control
C. Definition and Goals
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
II. The Scope of Psychology
A. A Time Line
B. Perspectives
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
II. The Scope of Psychology
A. A Time Line
B. Perspectives
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany (1879).
William James publishes Principles of Psychology in the United States (1890).
Ivan Pavlov in Russia begins to publish his classic studies of animal learning (1906).
G. Stanley Hall establishes the first American psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University (1883).
Sigmund Freud in Austria introduces his psychoanalytic theory in The Interpretation of Dreams (1900).
John B. Watson in the United States champions psychology as the science of behavior (1913)
Edward L. Thorndike in the United States conducts the first experiments on animal learning (1898),
Herman Ebbinghaus in Germany reports the first experiments on memory (1885).
Alfred Binet devises the first intelligence test for use with Parisian schoolchildren (1905).
American Psychological Association is founded (1892),
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
A. A Time Line
B. Perspectives
II. The Scope of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
B. Perspectives (textbook p. 14)
1. The Metaphor2. Research the Perspectives from
your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand4. The Great Debate
II. The Scope of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
B. Perspectives (textbook p. 14)
1. The Metaphor2. Research the Perspectives from
your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand4. The Great Debate
II. The Scope of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Research Perspectives
a. Biology How the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
b. Learning How the environment shapes behaviorc. Psychoanalysis How behavior springs from unconscious drives
and conflictsd. Humanism Our capacity to choose our life patterns and not
just be driven by unconscious forces or shaped by environment.e. Social/cultural How behavior and thinking vary across situations
and culturesf. Cognition How we process, store, and retrieve informationg. Evolution Adaptational behaviors increase the ability of the
specie to reproduce and pass those traits to the next generation
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
B. Perspectives (textbook p. 14)
1. The Metaphor2. Research the Perspectives from
your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand4. The Great Debate
II. The Scope of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
B. Perspectives (textbook p. 14)
1. The Metaphor2. Research the Perspectives from
your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand
• Supplemental readings• Prepare to defend your position
4. The Great Debate
II. The Scope of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
B. Perspectives (textbook p. 14)
1. The Metaphor2. Research the Perspectives from
your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand
• Supplemental readings• Prepare to defend your position
4. The Great Debate
II. The Scope of Psychology
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Questions for your consideration:• Why is he so aggressive?
• Why do babies cry?
• Why does he act so strangely?
• Why did he get his PhD?
• Why is she so illogical?
4. The Great Debate
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. MethodsA. Correlation
B. Survey Research
C. Naturalistic Observation
D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method
E. The Experiment
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. Methods
A. Correlation
B. Survey Research
C. Naturalistic Observation
D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method
E. The Experiment
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. Methods
A. Correlation1. Big Explanation
2. “Life After TV”
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. Methods
A. Correlation
B. Survey Research
C. Naturalistic Observation
D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method
E. The Experiment
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. Methods
A. Correlation
B. Survey Research
C. Naturalistic Observation
D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method
E. The Experiment
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. Methods
A. Correlation
B. Survey Research
C. Naturalistic Observation
D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method
E. The Experiment
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
III. Methods
A. Correlation
B. Survey Research
C. Naturalistic Observation
D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method
E. The Experiment
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
♥ E. The Experiment ♥
1. Hypothesis2. Population3. Sample4. Random Assignment5. Experimental Group6. Control Group7. Variable8. Independent Variable (IV)9. Dependent Variable (DV)10. Experimenter Effects & Other Confounds
III. Methods
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Summary of Experimental Design:
Independent VariableThe experimental factor you manipulate; the
treatment itself.Dependent VariableThe behavior observed; the factor that might
be affected by changes in the IVExperimental ConditionThe condition that exposes subjects to the IVControl ConditionA condition identical to the experimental one,
except subjects are not exposed to the IV
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
IV. IssuesA. “Open-minded skepticism”
B. Ethics
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
IV. Issues
A. “Open-minded skepticism”
B. Ethics
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
IV. Issues
A. “Open-minded skepticism”
B. Ethics
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
C. Pseudo psychology
Dramatic Demonstration: The Zodiac
E Aries (Mar 21-Apr 19) K Libra (Sep 23-Oct 22)B Taurus (Apr 20-May 20) H Scorpio (Oct 23-Nov 21)C Gemini (May 21-Jun 21) I Sagittarius (Nov 22-Dec 21)A Cancer (Jun 22-Jul 22) L Capricorn (Dec 22-Jan
19)F Leo (Jul 23-Aug 22) J Aquarius (Jan 20-Feb 18)D Virgo (Aug 23-Sep 22) G Pisces (Feb 19-Mar 20)
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Additional Key TermsPsychometric psychologists
Clinical psychologists
Developmental psychologists
Gestalt psychologists
Personality psychologists
Social psychologists
Experimental psychologists
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Additional Key Terms
Structuralism
Conditioning
Reinforcement
Modeling
Subject
Experimenter Bias
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Additional Key TermsModern approach to psychology
Behavioral Psychologists
Humanistic Psychologists
Existential Psychologists
Cognitive Psychologists
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology
Additional Key TermsPsychometric psychologists
Clinical psychologists
Developmental psychologists
Gestalt psychologists
Personality psychologists
Social psychologists
Experimental psychologists
Ch 1 The Science of Psychology