Ch 01 Introduction

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POWERTRANSMISSIONLIMITED,GANDHINAGAR,GUJARAT,INDIAwww.kalpatarupower.com

TrainingProgrammeonDesignofTransmissionLines,StructuresandFoundationsinSriLankafrom01to05July2013forCEBEngineers

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TRAINING PROGRAMME ONDESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINES, STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS

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PSTRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS

CEB ENGINEERS

By

POWER TRANSMISSION LIMITED

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT



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INTRODUCTION 2Ch -01

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CHAPTER - 01

INTRODUCTION



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INTRODUCTION B.B.SHAH

GENERALONTRANSMISSIONLINE SUJALSHAH

ELECTRICALCLEARANCE KAUSHALTHAKKAR

SAGTENSIONCALCULATION SUJALSHAH

Ch -01 TOPICS COVEREDE

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LOADINGONTOWER KAUSHALTHAKKAR

SAGTEMPLATECURVEANDTOWERSPOTTINGDATA B.B.SHAH

MEMBERFORCECALCULATION MANUALMETHOD SUJALSHAH

COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFMEMBERS KAUSHALTHAKKAR

TENSILESTRENGTHOFMEMBERS SUJALSHAH

JOINTDESIGN KAUSHALTHAKKAR

DESIGNEXERCISEWITHDIFFERENTREDUNDANTPATTERN SUJALSHAH

STRUCTURAL DRAWING SHOP SKETCHES AND BILL OF MATERIAL KAUSHAL THAKKARSTRUCTURALDRAWING,SHOPSKETCHES AND BILLOFMATERIAL KAUSHALTHAKKAR

PROTOASSEMBLY,TOWERTYPETESTINGANDERECTION SUJALSHAH

FOUNDATIONDESIGN SUJALSHAH

TRANSPOSITIONARRANGEMENTANDSTRINGINGCHART KAUSHALTHAKKAR

BRIEFONTOWERSPOTTINGINPLS CADD SUJALSHAH

CONDUCTORDESIGNANDBEHAVIOUR SUJALSHAH

LINEDESIGN UPGRADINGANDUPRATING B.B.SHAH

FFEDBACK /CONCLUDINGSESSION



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POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Power Power substationsubstation

High Voltage High Voltage Transmission LineTransmission Line

Transmission Transmission SubSub--StationStation

Power PlantPower Plant

4Ch -01

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Power PlantPower Plant

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Electrical energy - most convenient & cleanest form of energy

Maximum usage in world over for development & growth of economy

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Generation, transmission and utilization is continuously increasing

The technical, environmental and economic considerations resulting inlonger transmission lines & higher and higher voltages

Transmission systems with voltages of 800 kV ac and 800 kV dc arealready in operation in some of the countries

1000 / 1100 / 1200 kV ac and 750 kV dc have also been introducedin some countries.



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INTRODUCTION 6Ch -01 Tower constitute a very vital component of transmission lines, as

these perform functions of supporting the power conductors andground wires at the requisite distances above ground level andmaintaining conductor spacing under all operating conditions.

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With increase in transmission voltage levels, the heights & weights oftowers increases and so has their cost.

The transmission line towers constitute about 28 to 42% cost oftransmission line.

Optimization in tower design can bring significant economy in cost.

The weight of a tower is influenced to a great extent by

9 the selection of tower configuration,9 choice of steel structural for tower members,9 type of tower,9 types of connection,9 base width etc.



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On the basis of experience and designing skill, a tower designer canproduce tower designs conforming to specifications & createoptimum reduction in tower weight without sacrificing stability andreliability features of the finished tower.

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Optimization in line cost considering proper stability and reliabilitydepends on

9 Its foundations,9 Type of tower,9 Development of structural arrangement of tower members9 Development of structural arrangement of tower members,9 Detailing of connections,9 Quality of steel structural,9 Proper soil investigations,9 Use of foundations according to soil conditions at sites,9 Accuracy and adequate care in tower erection,9 Proper maintenance of the erected towers.



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Philosophies in Design of Transmission Lines

Philosophies in Design of Transmission Lines

Earlier the design of transmission line was made as per design

Ch -01 8

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g p gphilosophy based on deterministic concept of Loadings and strengthswith specified factors of safety for the different operating conditions.

Now the design of transmission line is made as per design philosophybased on probabilistic concept of Loadings and strengths with specifiedfactors of safety for the different operating conditions.

Next slides cover the overview of the entire training curriculum in brief.

(For the purpose of easy understanding some sample values are furnished simply to illustrate the point and bear no relevance

whatsoever, except the standard to which it refers.)

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INRODUCTIONCh -01 9Ch-02 General on Transmission Line

( To be taken up by Mr. Sujal Shah )

Describes the types of towers, tower shapes & designation of towersand brings out the essential differences between the various types of

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Pand brings out the essential differences between the various types oftowers

Tower geometry in general the various portions of towers and detailsof the factors which determine tower height, tower width at variouslevels and the spread of cross-arms.

It also describes the various type of bracing systems, insulator stringsand gives details of their composition.and gives details of their composition.

Ch-03 Electrical Clearance( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

This chapter covers the graphical method of checking electricalclearance on tower, at mid-span between conductor and earthwire.

These are the basics of deciding tower geometry.



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INRODUCTIONCh -01 10Ch-04 Sag Tension Calculation


This chapter covers the philosophy of9 sag tension calculation

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P9 sag-tension calculation,9 Formulae used,

Example of sag tension calculation.

Ch-05 Loading on Tower( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

This chapter defines the various types of loads and its calculations.p yp

Methods for their estimation for climatic loading under normal conditionas well as broken wire condition.

Sample loading calculation of suspension and tension towers for9 Conductor,9 Earthwire,9OPGW.



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INRODUCTIONCh -01 11

Ch-06 Sag Template Curve and Tower Spotting Data( To be taken up by Mr. B. B. Shah )

This chapter describes in detail about the terms used like

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9 sag template curve,

9 ruling span,

9weight span,

9 tower spotting data.p g

These terms are explained with suitable sample

9 Sag template curve,

9 Tower spotting data including calculations.



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Ch-07 Member Force Calculation Manual Method( To be taken up by Mr. Sujal Shah )

Method of analysis as plane truss to arrive at member forces by manual

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Calculations of member forces in

9 Leg,

9 Bracing,

9 Lower Member and Upper member of Cross arm,

9 Belt

Explained with sample calculations by assuming geometry of tower andloading (wire loads + wind on tower) applied.

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Ch-08 Compressive Strength Of Members( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

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To calculate compressive strength depending on length & sectionalproperties of any member.

Selection of

9 Grades and sizes of steel structural for tower members,Grades and sizes of steel structural for tower members,

9 Use of high tensile steel and mild steel sections,

9 Slenderness ratio limits for members with calculated and uncalculatedstresses,

9 Permissible stresses in tower members.



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INRODUCTIONCh -01 14Ch-09 Tensile Strength of Members

( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

To calculate tensile strength of any member depending on material usedfor the member

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Selection of grades and sizes of steel structural for tower members, useof high tensile steel and mild steel sections.

Ch-10 Joint Design( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

Selection of grades and sizes of bolt for different splice / joint withintower members.

Use of high tensile & mild steel material, permissible stresses in bolts.

Types of joints and calculation of strength for the joint.



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INRODUCTIONCh -01 15Ch-11 Exercise with Different Redundant Patterns


Exercise for calculation of compressive strength of particular member.

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Design with different redundant patterns, which is useful to understandhow to achieve economy in tower weights keeping enough safetymargins.

Ch-12 Structural Drawing, Shop Sketch and Bill of Material( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

Structural drawing and its contents,Structural drawing and its contents,

Shop sketch and its contents & Bill of material in Detail,

CNC data generated from computer software

Standard accessories which are used on tower

Various stub setting arrangement explained with detailed drawing.



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INRODUCTIONCh -01 16Ch-13 Proto Assembly, Tower Type Testing and Erection


Purpose and requirement of proto assembly

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Points to check on proto assembly

Tower testing procedure and testing facilities at KPTL, India

Brief explanation about helicopter erection with Photographs and video

Ch-14 Foundation DesignCh 14 Foundation Design( To be taken up by Mr. Sujal Shah )

Types of loads acting on foundation, basic parameters of soil

Types of foundation & its shapes and designs

A sample foundation design as per BS standard

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INRODUCTIONCh -01 17Ch-15 Transposition Arrangement and Stringing Chart

( To be taken up by Mr. Kaushal Thakkar )

Conventional practice for transposition arrangement for horizontal &vertical configuration towers

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A new approach for transposition arrangement for S/C horizontalconfiguration towers & D/C vertical configuration towers.

Advantages and cost benefit in comparison with conventionalarrangements being adopted in industry.

This chapter also discuss about starting conditions used to developThis chapter also discuss about starting conditions used to developstringing chart.

Description of Chart for Conductor/ Earthwire and Initial / Final Tension.



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Ch-16 Brief on Tower Spotting in PLS - CADD( To be taken up by Mr. Sujal Shah )

Installation of software generating files for cables criteria structures

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Generating xyz files, defining line alignments, adding structures.

Generating stringing files for spotting towers in PLS CADD software.

Ch-17 Conductor Design and Behavior( To be taken up by Mr. Sujal Shah )

Various types of conductors.

Comparison of AAAC & ACSR conductor.

Creep compensation for over head power line conductors.



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INRODUCTIONCh -01 19Ch-18 Line Design Upgrading and Uprating

( To be taken up by Mr. B. B. Shah )

How to upgrade the low voltage line with higher voltage withoutmodifying the existing tower or may be with some modification in

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Methodology for uprating the line.

Case studies for upgrading and uprating included in the chapter.

Topic:- Challenges in Transmission Line Construction( To be taken up by Mr. Sabu Mathews )( To be taken up by Mr. Sabu Mathews )

Concluding Session

Feedback from the participants on all topics covered in the trainingsessions as well as any other discussion regarding the Design ofTransmission lines, Structures and foundations.

Distribution of certificate to participates.



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Ch -01 INTRODUCTION 20

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T H A N K SB. B. SHAH [email protected]

SUJAL SHAH [email protected]

KAUSHAL [email protected]

Documents

Ch 01 Introduction