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CG 111 10/23/08
• Note:Change in the syllabus & assignment
• Study strategies for academic disciplines– Discussion & interactive chapter review p. 202
• Cornell note taking system in detail(Take notes!)
Cornell Note Taking LectureOverview
• Goals for taking notes
• Benefits of Cornell Note Taking System
• How to prepare Cornell Notes
• Skills you’ll need
• Benefits of each step in the system
• Practice: Give Cornell Notes a Try
Taking Notes From Lecture
Note taking goals
• Accurately record what the speaker says
• Pay attention
• Interpret ideas to make them meaningful
• Condense the info before writing it down
• Organize the notes in a way that makes sense to you
Five Benefits
1. Forces you to decide what’s important– Active reading or listening process– Weigh and evaluate what you read or hear
2. Focus your attention and concentrate
3. Helps you understand underlying pattern of organization, connections
4. Helps you know if you understood what you read or hear
5th Benefit: Additional Repetition
• Writing down what you hear / read helps you learn and master the information via:– Review– Evaluation– Interpretation– Editing• Moves information into long term memory• Provides mental cues to retrieve information
Cornell Note Taking & Study System
Developed by Walter Pauk, at Cornell University
Useful for notes from textbook or lectures
Law/Summary margin paper has Cornell margins
Date
TopicRecall
Clues
2 ½”
6”
Notes
2” Summary
Give Cornell Note Taking a Try!
• Take a blank sheet of paper• Draw a line from the top to bottom of the
page approximately 2 1/2 inches of the way over from the left margin.
• Draw a horizontal line approximately 1 inch from the bottom.
• Date & number page. Topic: Cornell Note Taking
• Take notes in right column as you normally would
What do you record?
• Date, topic, page #• Most important info• What’s written on
board - headings• Meaningful phrases
or sentences• Details• Definitions• Examples, Drawings
• How do you record?
Informal outline
Block
Modified Block
Leave space between ideas
Indent details
Abbreviate!
What skills do you need?
• Active listening & concentration
• Selectivity – instructors speak 150 – 200 words per minute; we write @ 25 wpm.
• Abbreviation
• Interpreting
• Condensing
• Organizing
• Legibility – Leave Space
Improve Your Listening Skills
• Decide to listen
• Focus your attention
• Set aside biases
• Control emotional responses
• Listen for main points & related details
• Ask questions
• Observe lecturer’s physical cues
5 Steps of the Cornell Note Taking System
1.Record
2.Reduce
3.Recite
4.Reflect
5.Review
These are important concepts to remember!
Cornell Note Taking System
First:Set up your paperLabel your pages For text notes
Course nameChapter & TitlePage numbers from book
--------------------For lecture notes
Date Course Topic/Lecture Title
Date
TopicRecallColumn
2 ½”
6” Area for
Notes
2” Summary
Date
Topic
Reduce
Recall
Clues
2 ½”
Record Notes Any formatPrint, drawSkip lines between ideasWrite on one side only
2” Summary
5 R’s of Cornell
Record
Reduce
----------------
Recite
Reflect
Review
(see CG 111 Course Materials p. 103)
2 ½” - 4” Date
Math Topic
Math problems go here
Math vocabulary
Goes here
Write Explanations, Problem solving Steps,
Clues, Hints
Here
Focus on what
your instructor says
Lefties:
explanationsProblems
Cornell also can be adapted to record math
(see handout)
Note: switch this set-up if you are left-handed.
Benefits: Record Step
• You select the most important information
• You are condensing the main ideas and important details so you
a. recall everything that happened in class or
b. don’t have to re-read your chapter
Date
TopicReduce Recall
Clues
2 ½”
Lots of notes that you’ve taken here
2” Summary
Step 2: Reduce
Write
•recall clues
• SQ4R questions
•key phrases summarizing your notes on the right
•Exam questions you predict
Benefits: Reduce Step
• Reduce notes to key words or questions
• You create questions for important info that helps you prepare for future exams
Date
Topic
Notes
2” Summary
Reduce: Summarize
6 – 8 lines at bottom of page
Summarize your page of notes
Good practice for essay exams
Benefits: Recite step
• Provides you with feedback about how well you are learning
• Allows self testing
• Allows preparing for essay exams – if you can recite the information out loud, you can write it down
• Seeing, hearing and speaking help you retain information faster
http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/content/history1.html
Sample Cornell Notes
Benefits: Reflect Step
• Promotes critical thinking
• You are creating a personal method to learn information
• You can use creativity for better understanding
Sample notes of this lecture
• Why? To remember, stay awake, help me study, enhance concentration
• Main pts., imp. Terms, topic, def. date, pg #, graphics, diagrams, blank space
• Skills: Listening, concentration, legibility, organization.
• Types: Outline, mindmaps, summary, Matrix, Cornell system
• When: Immediately after class within 24 hrs.
• Out loud, quiz, rewrite, list main ideas, rework, make test, create questions
• Why take notes?
• What is included in good notes?
• What skills are needed?
• What are some NT structures
• When should I review my notes?
• How can I review my notes?
• Diagrams• Cross Reference
Notetaking, Date Pg.1
Important Terms: Blank Space, Main terms, MindMaps, Matrix, Cornell, Review
How to Outline
1. Determine how much info you need to include
2. Identify how ideas relate
3. Group ideas according to their connections
1. Uses listing order & system of indentation
2. Write main ideas (MIs) close to margin1. Indent information that support/explains MIs
Outlines – Styles and Goal
• Can be formal: Roman numerals, Capital letters
• Can be informal=Figure 16.5 p. 335
• Can be highly detailed or a brief list
Ultimate Goal: Be able to show relative importance of ideas and how they relate to each other
Benefits of Review Step
• Strengthens long term memory
• Practice retrieving information
• Builds your confidence• Recite from the recall column• Recite from the headings• Discuss the information with others
– Predict questions, quiz each other, etc.
When should you review?
• Immediately after class to 24 hours after taking lecture notes
• Right before the next class
• Weekly to move info to LTM and to rehearse thinking about it and retrieving it.
Review, Review, Review
You can “stack” your Cornell notes for review & self-testing.
Organizing & Synthesizing Course Content
Tools for Managing Learning :
• SQ4R – record step• Concept/Category
Cards (course mat.)• 4 x 6 note card• Study sheets (ch.18)
New tools in Ch. 7• Textbook Highlighting• Marginal Annotation
– Summary Notes– Recall Clues
• Outline Notes• Mapping (aka visual
note taking)
Good students DO write in textbooks
Three reasons you should mark, highlight & write in your textbooks
1. To find and select the author’s key ideas and support for those ideas
– You are forced to think about the text & follow the author’s organization, discussion or argument.
– You keep alert & actively engaged, improving your learning
2. To make studying more efficient– You can quickly find key ideas for
• class discussion• Review• Test preparation• Writing papers
3. To record your reactions to the reading
Textbook Highlighting
• Analyze your reading task
• Assess how much you know about the topic already
• Use a consistent system (colors, pencils)
• Determine what’s important w/textbook headings
• Read, THEN highlight up to 25% per page
Marginal Annotations
• You need to know the various types shown in McWhorter, p.330 Table 16.1
• Avoid Pitfalls & Timewasters– overly complex systems (lots of different colored
highlighters = take too long– Medieval monk = too much--- copying, not enough
synthesizing!– Nothin’ Here = too little—check: do I understand this
material?– Rest of the story = have to reread text again to know
what’s going on
Marginal Annotation
• Allows you to identify what to learn– Ex. New terminology, key concepts
• Records your reactions & comments
• Variation 1:– Summary Notes = phrases in the margins
• Forces you to pull together ideas• Makes remembering easier• Good for long, complex passages
Summary Notes (cont.)
• Variation 2:– Recall Clues = words and phrases that briefly
summarize the notes• “memory tags” that trigger your recall of info you’ve
read.– Words,– Phrases– Questions
• Process: Cover up the text, read the clue and test your recall
Variation 3:Text marking (Optional)
• Put a double or wavy line under main ideas
• Use a single or straight line under supporting details
• Circle vocabulary that you need to study and underline the meaning
Outline Notes- How they Help
• You organize information & pull together related ideas
• You discover “the bones” of the text
• You must recognize what’s important and express it in words
• You are forced to be selective
• You start retaining what you learn = notes are a form of elaborative rehearsal
Visual Mapping (aka Visual Note Taking)
General: concept maps
Specialized:
time lines –
process diagrams
part and function diagrams
organizational charts
comparison and contrast charts
Visual Mapping
Benefits:
• consolidate information visually
• Emphasizes particular thought pattern:
• effective for visual and spatial learners
• Fun form of elaborative rehearsal
General: concept maps
• Concept maps are outlines that show ideas spatially
Comparison Contrast ChartTechnique Highlighting Annotation Note taking
Use Textbook Review
Avoid re-reading 80% of text
comments,
reaction to text
Organizing
Difficult text
Helps
You
Concentrate,
Be phys. active,
Evaluate while reading
ID New terms
Comment, summarize
important ideas in own words
Pros •Fast, efficient
•ID patterns of org
Summarize long passages
Test prep: Organize information
Rehearsal – Learning
Easy to carry around
Cons Doesn’t sep. MI from examples
Not good for anthologies, tech
difficult texts
Time consuming
Compare/contrast
Org.charts
Part &
function
timelines
Process diagram
Conceptmaps
A concept map of the five specialized types of concept maps