CFR 2011 Title49 Vol3 Part178 SubpartJ

7/29/2019 CFR 2011 Title49 Vol3 Part178 SubpartJ

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Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT 178.277

and the third being a blank flange orequivalent device. The shut-off deviceclosest to the jacket must be a self-closing device, which is capable ofbeing closed from an accessible posi-tion on the portable tank that is re-mote from the valve within 30 secondsof actuation. This device must actuateat a temperature of not more than 121C (250 F).

(2) Each filling and discharge openingin portable tanks used for the trans-port of non-flammable refrigerated liq-uefied gases must be fitted with at

least two mutually independent shut-off devices in series: the first being astop-valve situated as close as reason-ably practicable to the jacket and thesecond a blank flange or equivalent de-vice.

(3) For sections of piping which canbe closed at both ends and where liquidproduct can be trapped, a method ofautomatic pressure relief must be pro-vided to prevent excess pressure build-up within the piping.

(4) Each filling and discharge openingon a portable tank must be clearlymarked to indicate its function.

(5) When pressure-building units areused, the liquid and vapor connections

to that unit must be provided with avalve as close to the jacket as reason-ably practicable to prevent the loss ofcontents in case of damage to the pres-sure-building unit. A check valve maybe used for this purpose if it is locatedon the vapor side of the pressure build-up coil.

(6) The materials of construction ofvalves and accessories must have satis-factory properties at the lowest oper-ating temperature of the portabletank.

(7) Vacuum insulated portable tanksare not required to have an inspectionopening.

(e) Pressure relief devices. (1) Every

shell must be provided with not lessthan two independent reclosing pres-sure relief devices. The pressure reliefdevices must open automatically at apressure not less than the MAWP andbe fully open at a pressure equal to110% of the MAWP. These devicesmust, after discharge, close at a pres-sure not lower than 10% below the pres-sure at which discharge starts andmust remain closed at all lower pres-

sures. The pressure relief devices mustbe of the type that will resist dynamicforces including surge.

(2) Except for portable tanks used foroxygen, portable tanks for non-flam-mable refrigerated liquefied gases (ex-cept oxygen) and hydrogen may in ad-dition have frangible discs in parallelwith the reclosing devices as specifiedin paragraphs (e)(4)(ii) and (e)(4)(iii) ofthis section.

(3) Pressure relief devices must be de-signed to prevent the entry of foreignmatter, the leakage of gas and the de-

velopment of any dangerous excesspressure.

(4) Capacity and setting of pressure re-lief devices. (i) In the case of the loss ofvacuum in a vacuum-insulated tank orof loss of 20% of the insulation of aportable tank insulated with solid ma-terials, the combined capacity of allpressure relief devices installed mustbe sufficient so that the pressure (in-cluding accumulation) inside the shelldoes not exceed 120% of the MAWP.

(ii) For non-flammable refrigeratedliquefied gases (except oxygen) and hy-drogen, this capacity may be achievedby the use of frangible discs in parallelwith the required safety-relief devices.

Frangible discs must rupture at nomi-nal pressure equal to the test pressureof the shell.

(iii) Under the circumstances de-scribed in paragraphs (e)(4)(i) and(e)(4)(ii) of this section, together withcomplete fire engulfment, the com-bined capacity of all pressure relief de-vices installed must be sufficient tolimit the pressure in the shell to thetest pressure.

(iv) The required capacity of the re-lief devices must be calculated in ac-cordance with CGA Pamphlet S1.2(IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter).

[66 FR 33450, June 21, 2001, as amended at 68

FR 75748, 75752, Dec. 31, 2003]

Subpart I [Reserved]

Subpart JSpecifications for Con-tainers for Motor VehicleTransportation

SOURCE: 29 FR 18975, Dec. 29, 1964, unlessotherwise noted. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606,Apr. 5, 1967.

VerDate Mar2010 14:56 Jan 03, 2012 Jkt 223216 PO 00000 Frm 00139 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\223216.XXX 223216


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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.318

178.318 Specification MC 201; con-tainer for detonators and percus-sion caps.

178.3181 Scope.

(a) This specification pertains to acontainer to be used for the transpor-tation of detonators and percussioncaps in connection with the transpor-tation of liquid nitroglycerin, desen-sitized liquid nitroglycerin ordiethylene glycol dinitrate, where anyor all of such types of caps may be usedfor the detonation of liquid nitroglyc-

erin, desentitized liquid nitroglycerinor diethylene glycol dinitrate in blast-ing operations. This specification isnot intended to take the place of anyshipping or packing requirements ofthis Department where the caps inquestion are themselves articles ofcommerce.

(b) [Reserved]

[29 FR 18975, Dec. 29, 1964. Redesignated at 32FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967, and amended by Amdt.

17860, 44 FR 70733, Dec. 10, 1979]

178.3182 Container.

(a) Every container for detonatorsand percussion caps coming within the

scope of this specification shall be con-structed entirely of hard rubber,phenolresinous or other resinous mate-rial, or other nonmetallic, nonsparkingmaterial, except that metal parts maybe used in such locations as not in anyevent to come in contact with any ofthe caps. Space shall be provided sothat each detonator of whatever naturemay be inserted in an individual cell inthe body of the container, into whicheach such cap shall snugly fit. Thereshall be provided no more than twenty(20) such cellular spaces. Space may beprovided into which a plurality of per-

cussion caps may be carried, provided

that such space may be closed with a

screw cap, and further provided that

each or any such space is entirely sepa-

rate from any space provided for any

detonator. Each cellular space into

which a detonator is to be inserted and

carried shall be capable of being cov-

ered by a rotary cover so arranged as

to expose not more than one cell at any

time, and capable of rotation to such a

place that all cells will be covered at

the same time, at which place means

shall be provided to lock the cover inplace. Means shall be provided to lock

in place the cover for the cells provided

for the carrying of detonators. The re-

quirement that not more than one cell

be exposed at one time need not apply

in the case of detonators, although

spaces for such caps and detonators

shall be separate. Sufficient annular

space shall be provided inside the cover

for such detonators that, when the

cover is closed, there will be sufficient

space to accommodate the wires cus-

tomarily attached to such caps. If the

material is of such a nature as to re-

quire treatment to prevent the absorp-

tion of moisture, such treatment shall

be applied as shall be necessary in

order to provide against the penetra-

tion of water by permeation. A suitable

carrying handle shall be provided, ex-

cept for which handle no part of the

container may project beyond the exte-rior of the body.

(b) Exhibited in plates I and II are

line drawings of a container for deto-nators and percussion caps, illustrative

of the requirements set forth in

178.3182(a). These plates shall not beconstrued as a part of this specifica-

tion.



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178.3183 Marking.

Each container must be marked as

prescribed in 178.2(b).[Amdt. 17840, 41 FR 38181, Sept. 9, 1976, asamended at 66 FR 45185, Aug. 28, 2001]

178.320 General requirements appli-cable to all DOT specification cargotank motor vehicles.

(a) Definitions. For the purpose of thissubchapter:

Appurtenance means any attachmentto a cargo tank that has no lading re-

tention or containment function andprovides no structural support to thecargo tank.

Baffle means a non-liquid-tight trans-verse partition device that deflects,checks or regulates fluid motion in atank.

Bulkhead means a liquid-tight trans-verse closure at the ends of or betweencargo tanks.

Cargo tank means a bulk packagingthat:

(1) Is a tank intended primarily forthe carriage of liquids, gases, solids, or



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.320

semi-solids and includes appur-tenances, reinforcements, fittings, andclosures (for tank, see 178.3371,178.3381, or 178.3451, as applicable);

(2) Is permanently attached to orforms a part of a motor vehicle, or isnot permanently attached to a motorvehicle but that, by reason of its size,construction, or attachment to amotor vehicle, is loaded or unloadedwithout being removed from the motorvehicle; and

(3) Is not fabricated under a speci-fication for cylinders, intermediatebulk containers, multi-unit tank cartanks, portable tanks, or tank cars.

Cargo tank motor vehicle means amotor vehicle with one or more cargotanks permanently attached to orforming an integral part of the motorvehicle.

Cargo tank wall means those parts ofthe cargo tank that make up the pri-mary lading retention structure, in-cluding shell, bulkheads, and fittingsand, when closed, yield the minimumvolume of a completed cargo tankmotor vehicle.

Charging line means a hose, tube,pipe, or a similar device used to pres-

surize a tank with material other thanthe lading.

Companion flange means one of twomating flanges where the flange facesare in contact or separated only by athin leak-sealing gasket and are se-cured to one another by bolts orclamps.

Connecting structure means the struc-ture joining two cargo tanks.

Constructed and certified in accordance

with the ASME Code means a cargotank is constructed and stamped in ac-cordance with Section VIII of theASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter), and is inspected and certifiedby an Authorized Inspector.

Constructed in accordance with theASME Code means a cargo tank is con-structed in accordance with SectionVIII of the ASME Code with authorizedexceptions (see 178.346 through178.348) and is inspected and certifiedby a Registered Inspector.

Design type means one or more cargotanks that are made

(1) To the same specification;

(2) By the same manufacturer;

(3) To the same engineering drawingsand calculations, except for minorvariations in piping that do not affectthe lading retention capability of thecargo tank;

(4) Of the same materials of construc-tion;

(5) To the same cross-sectional di-mensions;

(6) To a length varying by no morethan 5 percent;

(7) With the volume varying by nomore than 5 percent (due to a change inlength only); and

(8) For the purposes of 178.338 only,with the same insulation system.

External self-closing stop valve means aself-closing stop valve designed so thatthe self-stored energy source is locatedoutside the cargo tank and the weldedflange.

Extreme dynamic loading means themaximum loading a cargo tank motorvehicle may experience during its ex-pected life, excluding accident loadingsresulting from an accident, such asoverturn or collision.

Flange means the structural ring forguiding or attachment of a pipe or fit-ting with another flange (companion

flange), pipe, fitting or other attach-ment.

Inspection pressure means the pres-sure used to determine leak tightnessof the cargo tank when testing withpneumatic pressure.

Internal self-closing stop valve means aself-closing stop valve designed so thatthe self-stored energy source is locatedinside the cargo tank or cargo tanksump, or within the welded flange, andthe valve seat is located within thecargo tank or within one inch of theexternal face of the welded flange orsump of the cargo tank.

Lading means the hazardous materialcontained in a cargo tank.

Loading/unloading connection meansthe fitting in the loading/unloadingline farthest from the loading/unload-ing outlet to which the loading/unload-ing hose, pipe, or device is attached.

Loading/unloading outlet means acargo tank outlet used for normal load-ing/unloading operations.

Loading/unloading stop valve meansthe stop valve farthest from the cargotank loading/unloading outlet to which



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the loading/unloading connection is at-tached.

Manufacturer means any person en-gaged in the manufacture of a DOTspecification cargo tank, cargo tankmotor vehicle, or cargo tank equip-ment that forms part of the cargo tankwall. This term includes attaching acargo tank to a motor vehicle or to amotor vehicle suspension componentthat involves welding on the cargotank wall. A manufacturer must reg-ister with the Department in accord-ance with subpart F of part 107 in sub-part A of this chapter.

Maximum allowable working pressure

or MAWP means the maximum pres-sure allowed at the top of the tank inits normal operating position. TheMAWP must be calculated as pre-scribed in Section VIII of the ASMECode. In use, the MAWP must be great-er than or equal to the maximum lad-ing pressure conditions prescribed in 173.33 of this subchapter for each ma-terial transported.

Maximum lading pressure. See

173.33(c).

Minimum thickness means the min-imum required shell and head (and baf-

fle and bulkhead when used as tank re-inforcement) thickness needed to meetthe specification. The minimum thick-ness is the greatest of the following val-ues: (1)(i) For MC 330, MC 331, and MC338 cargo tanks, the specified minimumthickness found the applicable speci-fication(s); or

(ii) For DOT 406, DOT 407 and DOT412 cargo tanks, the specified minimumthickness found in Tables I and II ofthe applicable specification(s); or

(iii) For MC 300, MC 301, MC 302, MC303, MC 304, MC 305, MC 306, MC 307, MC310, MC 311, and MC 312 cargo tanks,the in-service minimum thickness pre-scribed in Tables I and II of

180.407(i)(5) of this subchapter, for theminimum thickness specified by TablesI and II of the applicable specifica-tion(s); or

(2) The thickness necessary to meetwith the structural integrity and acci-dent damage requirements of the appli-cable specification(s); or

(3) The thickness as computed perthe ASME Code requirements (if appli-cable).

Multi-specification cargo tank motor ve-

hicle means a cargo tank motor vehicleequipped with two or more cargo tanksfabricated to more than one cargo tankspecification.

Normal operating loading means theloading a cargo tank motor vehiclemay be expected to experience rou-tinely in operation.

Nozzle means a subassembly con-sisting of a pipe or tubular section withor without a welded or forged flange onone end.

Outlet means any opening in the shell

or head of a cargo tank, (including themeans for attaching a closure), exceptthat the following are not outlets: athreaded opening securely closed dur-ing transportation with a threadedplug or a threaded cap, a flanged open-ing securely closed during transpor-tation with a bolted or welded blankflange, a manhole, a gauging device, athermometer well, or a pressure reliefdevice.

Outlet stop valve means the stop valveat a cargo tank loading or unloadingoutlet.

Pipe coupling means a fitting with in-ternal threads on both ends.

Rear bumper means the structure de-

signed to prevent a vehicle or objectfrom under-riding the rear of anothermotor vehicle. See 393.86 of this title.

Rear-end tank protection device meansthe structure designed to protect acargo tank and any lading retentionpiping or devices in case of a rear endcollision.

Self-closing stop valve means a stopvalve held in the closed position bymeans of self-stored energy, that opensonly by application of an external forceand that closes when the external forceis removed.

Shell means the circumferential por-tion of a cargo tank defined by thebasic design radius or radii excluding

the bulkheads.Stop valve means a valve that stops

the flow of lading.Sump means a protrusion from the

bottom of a cargo tank shell designedto facilitate complete loading and un-loading of lading.

Tank means a container, consistingof a shell and heads, that forms a pres-sure tight vessel having openings de-signed to accept pressure tight fittings



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.337

or closures, but excludes any appur-tenances, reinforcements, fittings, orclosures.

Test pressure means the pressure towhich a tank is subjected to determinestructural integrity.

Toughness of material means the capa-bility of a material to absorb energyrepresented by the area under a stressstrain curve (indicating the energy ab-sorbed per unit volume of the material)up to the point of rupture.

Vacuum cargo tank means a cargotank that is loaded by reducing the

pressure in the cargo tank to below at-mospheric pressure.

Variable specification cargo tank

means a cargo tank that is constructedin accordance with one specification,but that may be altered to meet an-other specification by changing reliefdevice, closures, lading discharge de-vices, and other lading retention de-vices.

Void means the space between tankheads or bulkheads and a connectingstructure.

Welded flange means a flange at-tached to the tank by a weld joiningthe tank shell to the cylindrical outersurface of the flange, or by a fillet weld

joining the tank shell to a flangeshaped to fit the shell contour.

(b) Design certification. (1) Each cargotank or cargo tank motor vehicle de-sign type, including its required acci-dent damage protection device, mustbe certified to conform to the specifica-tion requirements by a Design Certi-fying Engineer who is registered in ac-cordance with subpart F of part 107 ofthis title. An accident damage protec-tion device is a rear-end protection,overturn protection, or piping protec-tion device.

(2) The Design Certifying Engineershall furnish to the manufacturer acertificate to indicate compliance with

the specification requirements. Thecertificate must include the sketches,drawings, and calculations used for cer-tification. Each certificate, includingsketches, drawings, and calculations,shall be signed by the Design Certi-fying Engineer.

(3) The manufacturer shall retain thedesign certificate at his principal placeof business for as long as he manufac-tures DOT specification cargo tanks.

(c) Exceptions to the ASME Code. Un-less otherwise specified, when excep-tions are provided in this subpart fromcompliance with certain paragraphs ofthe ASME Code, compliance with thoseparagraphs is not prohibited.

[Amdt. 17889, 55 FR 37055, Sept. 7, 1990, asamended by Amdt. 17898, 58 FR 33306, June16, 1993; Amdt. 178118, 61 FR 51339, Oct. 1,1996; 68 FR 19277, Apr. 18, 2003; 68 FR 52370,Sept. 3, 2003; 68 FR 75752, Dec. 31, 2003; 76 FR43532, July 20, 2011]

178.337 Specification MC 331; cargo

tank motor vehicle primarily fortransportation of compressed gasesas defined in subpart G of part 173of this subchapter.

178.3371 General requirements.

(a) ASME Code construction. Tanksmust be

(1) Seamless or welded construction,or a combination of both;

(2) Designed, constructed, certified,and stamped in accordance with Sec-tion VIII of the ASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter);

(3) Made of steel or aluminum; how-ever, if aluminum is used, the cargotank must be insulated and the haz-ardous material to be transported mustbe compatible with the aluminum (see178.3371(e)(2), 173.315(a) table, and178.3372(a)(1) of this subchapter); and

(4) Covered with a steel jacket if thecargo tank is insulated and used totransport a flammable gas (see 173.315(a) table Note 11 of this sub-chapter).

(b) Design pressure. The design pres-sure of a cargo tank authorized underthis specification shall be not less thanthe vapor pressure of the commoditycontained therein at 115 F. or as pre-scribed for a particular commodity in 173.315(a) of this subchapter, exceptthat in no case shall the design pres-

sure of any cargo tank be less than 100p.s.i.g. nor more than 500 p.s.i.g.

NOTE 1: The term design pressure as used inthis specification, is identical to the termMAWP as used in the ASME Code.

(c) Openings. (1) Excess pressure reliefvalves shall be located in the top of thecargo tank or heads.

(2) A chlorine cargo tank shall haveonly one opening. That opening shallbe in the top of the cargo tank and



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shall be fitted with a nozzle that meetsthe following requirements:

(i) On a cargo tank manufactured onor before December 31, 1974, the nozzleshall be protected by a dome coverplate which conforms to either thestandard of The Chlorine Institute,Inc., Dwg. 1033, dated January 23, 1958,or to the standard specified in para-graph (c) (2) (ii) of this section.

(ii) On a cargo tank manufactured onor after January 1, 1975, the nozzleshall be protected by a manway coverwhich conforms to the standard of The

Chlorine Institute, Inc., Dwg. 1034,dated September 1, 1971.

(d) Reflective design. Everyuninsulated cargo tank permanentlyattached to a cargo tank motor vehicleshall, unless covered with a jacketmade of aluminum, stainless steel, orother bright nontarnishing metal, bepainted a white, aluminum or similarreflecting color on the upper two-thirdsof area of the cargo tank.

(e) Insulation. (1) Each cargo tank re-quired to be insulated must conformwith the use and performance require-ments contained in 173.315(a) tableand 178.3371 (a)(3) and (e)(2) of thissubchapter.

(2) Each cargo tank intended forchlorine; carbon dioxide, refrigeratedliquid; or nitrous oxide, refrigeratedliquid service must have suitable insu-lation of such thickness that the over-all thermal conductance is not morethan 0.08 Btu per square foot per F dif-ferential per hour. The conductancemust be determined at 60 F. Insulationmaterial used on cargo tanks for ni-trous oxide, refrigerated liquid must benoncombustible. Insulating materialused on cargo tanks for chlorine mustbe corkboard or polyurethane foam,with a minimum thickness of 4 inches,or 2 inches minimum thickness of ce-ramic fiber/fiberglass of 4 pounds per

cubic foot minimum density covered by2 inches minimum thickness of fiber.

(f) Postweld heat treatment. Postweldheat treatment must be as prescribedin the ASME Code except that eachcargo tank constructed in accordancewith Part UHT of Section VIII of theASME Code must be postweld heattreated. Each chlorine cargo tank mustbe fully radiographed and postweldheat treated in accordance with the

provisions in Section VIII of the ASMECode under which it is constructed.Where postweld heat treatment is re-quired, the cargo tank must be treatedas a unit after completion of all thewelds in and/or to the shells and heads.The method must be as prescribed inSection VIII of the ASME Code. Weldedattachments to pads may be made afterpostweld heat treatment. A cargo tankused for anhydrous ammonia must bepostweld heat treated. The postweldheat treatment must be as prescribedin Section VIII of the ASME Code, but

in no event at less than 1,050 F cargotank metal temperature.

(g) Definitions. The following defini-tions apply to 178.3371 through178.33718:

Emergency discharge control means theability to stop a cargo tank unloadingoperation in the event of an uninten-tional release. Emergency dischargecontrol can utilize passive or off-truckremote means to stop the unloadingoperation. A passive means of emer-gency discharge control automaticallyshuts off the flow of product withoutthe need for human intervention with-in 20 seconds of an unintentional re-lease caused by a complete separation

of the liquid delivery hose. An off-truck remote means of emergency dis-charge control permits a qualified per-son attending the unloading operationto close the cargo tanks internal self-closing stop valve and shut off all mo-tive and auxiliary power equipment ata distance from the cargo tank motorvehicle.

Excess flow valve, integral excess flow

valve, or excess flow feature means acomponent that will close automati-cally if the flow rate of a gas or liquidthrough the component reaches or ex-ceeds the rated flow of gas or liquidspecified by the original valve manu-facturer when piping mounted directly

on the valve is sheared off before thefirst valve, pump, or fitting down-stream from the valve.

Internal self-closing stop valve means aprimary shut off valve installed in aproduct discharge outlet of a cargotank and designed to be kept closed byself-stored energy.

Primary discharge control system

means a primary shut-off installed at aproduct discharge outlet of a cargo



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.3372

tank consisting of an internal self-clos-ing stop valve that may include an in-tegral excess flow valve or an excessflow feature, together with linkagesthat must be installed between thevalve and remote actuator to providemanual and thermal on-truck remotemeans of closure.

[Order 59B, 30 FR 579, Jan. 16, 1965. Redesig-nated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967]

EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-tations affecting 178.3371, see the List ofCFR Sections Affected which appears in theFinding Aids section of the printed volume

and at www.fdsys.gov.

178.3372 Material.

(a) General. (1) All material used forconstruction of the cargo tank and ap-purtenances must be suitable for usewith the commodities to be trans-ported therein and must conform tothe requirements in Section II of theASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter) and/or requirements of theAmerican Society for Testing and Ma-terials in all respects.

(2) Impact tests are required on steelused in the fabrication of each cargotank constructed in accordance withpart UHT in Section VIII of the ASME

Code. The tests must be made on a lotbasis. A lot is defined as 100 tons or lessof the same heat treatment processinglot having a thickness variation nogreater than plus or minus 25 percent.The minimum impact required for fullsize specimens must be 20 foot-poundsin the longitudinal direction at 30F., Charpy V-Notch and 15 foot-poundsin the transverse direction at 30 F.,Charpy V-Notch. The required valuesfor subsize specimens must be reducedin direct proportion to the cross-sec-tional area of the specimen beneath thenotch. If a lot does not meet this re-quirement, individual plates may beaccepted if they individually meet this

requirement.(3) The fabricator shall record the

heat, and slab numbers, and the cer-tified Charpy impact values, where re-quired, of each plate used in each cargotank on a sketch showing the locationof each plate in the shell and heads ofthe cargo tank. Copies of each sketchshall be provided to the owner and re-tained for at least five years by thefabricator and made available to duly

identified representatives of the De-partment of Transportation.

(4) The direction of final rolling ofthe shell material shall be the circum-ferential orientation of the cargo tankshell.

(b) For a chlorine cargo tank. Plates,the manway nozzle, and anchorageshall be made of carbon steel whichmeets the following requirements:

(1) For a cargo tank manufactured onor before December 31, 1974

(i) Material shall conform to ASTM A300, Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels

for Service at Low Temperatures(IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter);

(ii) Material shall be Class 1, GradeA, flange or firebox quality;

(iii) Plate impact test specimens, asrequired under paragraph (a) of thissection, shall be of the Charpy keyholenotch type; and

(iv) Plate impact test specimensshall meet the impact test require-ments in paragraph (a) of this sectionin both the longitudinal and transversedirections of rolling at a temperatureof minus 45.5 C. (50 F.).

(2) For a cargo tank manufactured onor after January 1, 1975

(i) Material shall conform to ASTM A

612 (IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter),Grade B or A 516/A 516M (IBR, see 171.7of this subchapter), Grade 65 or 70;

(ii) Material shall meet the CharpyV-notch test requirements of ASTM A20/A 20M (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter); and

(iii) Plate impact test specimensshall meet the impact test require-ments in paragraph (a) of this sectionin both the longitudinal and transversedirections of rolling at a temperatureof minus 40 C. (40 F.).

(c) A cargo tank in anhydrous ammo-nia service must be constructed ofsteel. The use of copper, silver, zinc ortheir alloys is prohibited. Baffles made

from aluminum may be used only ifjoined to the cargo tank by a processnot requiring postweld heat treatmentof the cargo tank.


EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-tations affecting 178.3372, see the List ofCFR Sections Affected which appears in theFinding Aids section of the printed volumeand at www.fdsys.gov.



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178.3373 Structural integrity.

(a) General requirements and accept-ance criteria. (1) Except as provided inparagraph (d) of this section, the max-imum calculated design stress at anypoint in the cargo tank may not exceedthe maximum allowable stress valueprescribed in Section VIII of the ASMECode (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter), or 25 percent of the tensilestrength of the material used.

(2) The relevant physical propertiesof the materials used in each cargotank may be established either by acertified test report from the materialmanufacturer or by testing in conform-ance with a recognized national stand-ard. In either case, the ultimate tensilestrength of the material used in the de-sign may not exceed 120 percent of theultimate tensile strength specified ineither the ASME Code or the ASTMstandard to which the material is man-ufactured.

(3) The maximum design stress atany point in the cargo tank must becalculated separately for the loadingconditions described in paragraphs (b),(c), and (d) of this section. Alternatetest or analytical methods, or a com-bination thereof, may be used in place

of the procedures described in para-graphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, ifthe methods are accurate andverifiable.

(4) Corrosion allowance material maynot be included to satisfy any of thedesign calculation requirements of thissection.

(b) Static design and construction. (1)The static design and construction ofeach cargo tank must be in accordancewith Section VIII of the ASME Code.The cargo tank design must includecalculation of stresses generated by de-sign pressure, the weight of lading, theweight of structure supported by thecargo tank wall, and the effect of tem-

perature gradients resulting from lad-ing and ambient temperature extremes.When dissimilar materials are used,their thermal coefficients must be usedin calculation of thermal stresses.

(2) Stress concentrations in tension,bending and torsion which occur atpads, cradles, or other supports mustbe considered in accordance with ap-pendix G in Section VIII of the ASMECode.

(c) Shell design. Shell stresses result-ing from static or dynamic loadings, orcombinations thereof, are not uniformthroughout the cargo tank motor vehi-cle. The vertical, longitudinal, and lat-eral normal operating loadings canoccur simultaneously and must becombined. The vertical, longitudinaland lateral extreme dynamic loadingsoccur separately and need not be com-bined.

(1) Normal operating loadings. The fol-lowing procedure addresses stress inthe tank shell resulting from normal

operating loadings. The effective stress(the maximum principal stress at anypoint) must be determined by the fol-lowing formula:

S = 0.5(Sy + Sx) [0.25(Sy Sx)2 + Ss2]0.5

Where:

(i) S = effective stress at any givenpoint under the combination of staticand normal operating loadings that canoccur at the same time, in psi.

(ii) Sy = circumferential stress gen-erated by the MAWP and external pres-sure, when applicable, plus static head,in psi.

(iii) Sx = The following net longitu-dinal stress generated by the following

static and normal operating loadingconditions, in psi:

(A) The longitudinal stresses result-ing from the MAWP and external pres-sure, when applicable, plus static head,in combination with the bending stressgenerated by the static weight of thefully loaded cargo tank motor vehicle,all structural elements, equipment andappurtenances supported by the cargotank wall;

(B) The tensile or compressive stressresulting from normal operating longi-tudinal acceleration or deceleration. Ineach case, the forces applied must be0.35 times the vertical reaction at thesuspension assembly, applied at the

road surface, and as transmitted to thecargo tank wall through the suspensionassembly of a trailer during decelera-tion; or the horizontal pivot of thetruck tractor or converter dolly fifthwheel, or the drawbar hinge on thefixed dolly during acceleration; or an-choring and support members of atruck during acceleration and decelera-tion, as applicable. The vertical reac-tion must be calculated based on the



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.3373

static weight of the fully loaded cargotank motor vehicle, all structural ele-ments, equipment and appurtenancessupported by the cargo tank wall. Thefollowing loadings must be included:

(1) The axial load generated by adecelerative force;

(2) The bending moment generated bya decelerative force;

(3) The axial load generated by an ac-celerative force; and

(4) The bending moment generated byan accelerative force; and

(C) The tensile or compressive stressgenerated by the bending moment re-sulting from normal operating verticalaccelerative force equal to 0.35 timesthe vertical reaction at the suspensionassembly of a trailer; or the horizontalpivot of the upper coupler (fifth wheel)or turntable; or anchoring and supportmembers of a truck, as applicable. Thevertical reaction must be calculatedbased on the static weight of the fullyloaded cargo tank motor vehicle, allstructural elements, equipment and ap-purtenances supported by the cargotank wall.

(iv) Ss = The following shear stressesgenerated by the following static and

normal operating loading conditions,in psi:

(A) The static shear stress resultingfrom the vertical reaction at the sus-pension assembly of a trailer, and thehorizontal pivot of the upper coupler(fifth wheel) or turntable; or anchoringand support members of a truck, as ap-plicable. The vertical reaction must becalculated based on the static weightof the fully loaded cargo tank motorvehicle, all structural elements, equip-ment and appurtenances supported bythe cargo tank wall;

(B) The vertical shear stress gen-erated by a normal operating accelera-tive force equal to 0.35 times the

vertical reaction at the suspension as-sembly of a trailer; or the horizontalpivot of the upper coupler (fifth wheel)or turntable; or anchoring and supportmembers of a truck, as applicable. Thevertical reaction must be calculatedbased on the static weight of the fullyloaded cargo tank motor vehicle, allstructural elements, equipment and ap-purtenances supported by the cargotank wall;

(C) The lateral shear stress generatedby a normal operating lateral accelera-tive force equal to 0.2 times thevertical reaction at each suspension as-sembly of a trailer, applied at the roadsurface, and as transmitted to thecargo tank wall through the suspensionassembly of a trailer, and the hori-zontal pivot of the upper coupler (fifthwheel) or turntable; or anchoring andsupport members of a truck, as applica-ble. The vertical reaction must be cal-culated based on the static weight ofthe fully loaded cargo tank motor vehi-

cle, all structural elements, equipmentand appurtenances supported by thecargo tank wall; and

(D) The torsional shear stress gen-erated by the same lateral forces as de-scribed in paragraph (c)(1)(iv)(C) of thissection.

(2) Extreme dynamic loadings. The fol-lowing procedure addresses stress inthe tank shell resulting from extremedynamic loadings. The effective stress(the maximum principal stress at anypoint) must be determined by the fol-lowing formula:

S = 0.5(Sy + Sx) [0.25(Sy Sx)2 + Ss2]0.5

Where:

(i) S = effective stress at any givenpoint under a combination of staticand extreme dynamic loadings that canoccur at the same time, in psi.

(ii) Sy = circumferential stress gen-erated by MAWP and external pressure,when applicable, plus static head, inpsi.

(iii) Sx = the following net longitu-dinal stress generated by the followingstatic and extreme dynamic loadingconditions, in psi:

(A) The longitudinal stresses result-ing from the MAWP and external pres-sure, when applicable, plus static head,in combination with the bending stressgenerated by the static weight of the

fully loaded cargo tank motor vehicle,all structural elements, equipment andappurtenances supported by the tankwall;

(B) The tensile or compressive stressresulting from extreme longitudinalacceleration or deceleration. In eachcase the forces applied must be 0.7times the vertical reaction at the sus-pension assembly, applied at the roadsurface, and as transmitted to the



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cargo tank wall through the suspensionassembly of a trailer during decelera-tion; or the horizontal pivot of thetruck tractor or converter dolly fifthwheel, or the drawbar hinge on thefixed dolly during acceleration; or theanchoring and support members of atruck during acceleration and decelera-tion, as applicable. The vertical reac-tion must be calculated based on thestatic weight of the fully loaded cargotank motor vehicle, all structural ele-ments, equipment and appurtenancessupported by the cargo tank wall. The

following loadings must be included:(1) The axial load generated by a

decelerative force;(2) The bending moment generated by

a decelerative force;(3) The axial load generated by an ac-

celerative force; and(4) The bending moment generated by

an accelerative force; and(C) The tensile or compressive stress

generated by the bending moment re-sulting from an extreme vertical accel-erative force equal to 0.7 times thevertical reaction at the suspension as-sembly of a trailer, and the horizontalpivot of the upper coupler (fifth wheel)or turntable; or the anchoring and sup-

port members of a truck, as applicable.The vertical reaction must be cal-culated based on the static weight ofthe fully loaded cargo tank motor vehi-cle, all structural elements, equipmentand appurtenances supported by thecargo tank wall.

(iv) Ss = The following shear stressesgenerated by static and extreme dy-namic loading conditions, in psi:

(A) The static shear stress resultingfrom the vertical reaction at the sus-pension assembly of a trailer, and thehorizontal pivot of the upper coupler(fifth wheel) or turntable; or anchoringand support members of a truck, as ap-plicable. The vertical reaction must be

calculated based on the static weightof the fully loaded cargo tank motorvehicle, all structural elements, equip-ment and appurtenances supported bythe cargo tank wall;

(B) The vertical shear stress gen-erated by an extreme vertical accelera-tive force equal to 0.7 times thevertical reaction at the suspension as-sembly of a trailer, and the horizontalpivot of the upper coupler (fifth wheel)

or turntable; or anchoring and supportmembers of a truck, as applicable. Thevertical reaction must be calculatedbased on the static weight of the fullyloaded cargo tank motor vehicle, allstructural elements, equipment and ap-purtenances supported by the cargotank wall;

(C) The lateral shear stress generatedby an extreme lateral accelerativeforce equal to 0.4 times the vertical re-action at the suspension assembly of atrailer, applied at the road surface, andas transmitted to the cargo tank wallthrough the suspension assembly of atrailer, and the horizontal pivot of theupper coupler (fifth wheel) or turn-table; or anchoring and support mem-bers of a truck, as applicable. Thevertical reaction must be calculatedbased on the static weight of the fullyloaded cargo tank motor vehicle, allstructural elements, equipment and ap-purtenances supported by the cargotank wall; and

(D) The torsional shear stress gen-erated by the same lateral forces as de-scribed in paragraph (c)(2)(iv)(C) of thissection.

(d) In order to account for stresses

due to impact in an accident, the de-sign calculations for the cargo tankshell and heads must include the loadresulting from the design pressure incombination with the dynamic pres-sure resulting from a longitudinal de-celeration of 2g. For this loadingcondition the stress value used maynot exceed the lesser of the yieldstrength or 75 percent of the ultimatetensile strength of the material of con-struction. For cargo tanks constructedof stainless steel the maximum designstress may not exceed 75 percent of theultimate tensile strength of the typesteel used.

(e) The minimum metal thickness for

the shell and heads on tanks with a de-sign pressure of 100 psig or more mustbe 4.75 mm (0.187 inch) for steel and 6.86mm (0.270 inch) for aluminum, exceptfor chlorine and sulfur dioxide tanks.In all cases, the minimum thickness ofthe tank shell and head shall be deter-mined using structural design require-ments in Section VIII of the ASMECode or 25% of the tensile strength ofthe material used. For a cargo tank



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.3373

used in chlorine or sulfur dioxide serv-ice, the cargo tank must be made ofsteel. A corrosion allowance of 20 per-cent or 2.54 mm (0.10 inch), whicheveris less, must be added to the thicknessotherwise required for sulfur dioxideand chlorine tank material. In chlorinecargo tanks, the wall thickness mustbe at least 1.59 cm (0.625 inch), includ-ing corrosion allowance.

(f) Where a cargo tank support is at-tached to any part of the cargo tankwall, the stresses imposed on the cargotank wall must meet the requirements

in paragraph (a) of this section.(g) The design, construction, and in-

stallation of an attachment, appur-tenance to the cargo tank, structuralsupport member between the cargotank and the vehicle or suspensioncomponent, or accident protection de-vice must conform to the following re-quirements:

(1) Structural members, the suspen-sion sub-frame, accident protectionstructures, and external circumferen-tial reinforcement devices must beused as sites for attachment of appur-tenances and other accessories to thecargo tank, when practicable.

(2) A lightweight attachment to the

cargo tank wall such as a conduit clip,brake line clip, skirting structure,lamp mounting bracket, or placardholder must be of a construction hav-ing lesser strength than the cargo tankwall materials and may not be morethan 72 percent of the thickness of thematerial to which it is attached. Thelightweight attachment may be se-cured directly to the cargo tank wall ifthe device is designed and installed insuch a manner that, if damaged, it willnot affect the lading retention integ-rity of the tank. A lightweight attach-ment must be secured to the cargotank shell or head by a continuousweld or in such a manner as to preclude

formation of pockets which may be-come sites for corrosion. Attachmentsmeeting the requirements of this para-graph are not authorized for cargotanks constructed under part UHT inSection VIII of the ASME Code.

(3) Except as prescribed in para-graphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section,the welding of any appurtenance to thecargo tank wall must be made by at-tachment of a mounting pad so that

there will be no adverse effect upon the

lading retention integrity of the cargo

tank if any force less than that pre-

scribed in paragraph (b)(1) of this sec-

tion is applied from any direction. The

thickness of the mounting pad may not

be less than that of the shell wall or

head wall to which it is attached, and

not more than 1.5 times the shell or

head thickness. However, a pad with a

minimum thickness of 0.25 inch may be

used when the shell or head thickness

is over 0.25 inch. If weep holes or tell-

tale holes are used, the pad must bedrilled or punched at the lowest point

before it is welded to the tank. Each

pad must

(i) Be fabricated from material deter-

mined to be suitable for welding to

both the cargo tank material and the

material of the appurtenance or struc-

tural support member; a Design Certi-

fying Engineer must make this deter-

mination considering chemical and

physical properties of the materials

and must specify filler material con-

forming to the requirements in Section

VIII of the ASME Code (IBR, see 171.7

of this subchapter).

(ii) Be preformed to an inside radiusno greater than the outside radius of

the cargo tank at the attachment loca-

tion.

(iii) Extend at least 2 inches in each

direction from any point of attachment

of an appurtenance or structural sup-

port member. This dimension may be

measured from the center of the at-

tached structural member.

(iv) Have rounded corners, or other-

wise be shaped in a manner to mini-

mize stress concentrations on the shell

or head.

(v) Be attached by continuous fillet

welding. Any fillet weld discontinuity

may only be for the purpose of pre-

venting an intersection between the fil-

let weld and a tank or jacket seam

weld.

[Amdt. 17889, 55 FR 37056, Sept. 7, 1990, as

amended by Amdt. 178104, 59 FR 49135, Sept.

26, 1994; Amdt. 178105, 60 FR 17401, Apr. 5,

1995; Amdt. 178118, 61 FR 51340, Oct. 1, 1996;

65 FR 58631, Sept. 29, 2000; 68 FR 19279, Apr.

18, 2003; 68 FR 52370, Sept. 3, 2003; 68 FR 75753,

Dec. 31, 2003]



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178.3374 Joints.

(a) Joints shall be as required in Sec-tion VIII of the ASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter), with all un-dercutting in shell and head materialrepaired as specified therein.

(b) Welding procedure and welder per-formance must be in accordance withSection IX of the ASME Code. In addi-tion to the essential variables namedtherein, the following must be consid-ered as essential variables: Number ofpasses; thickness of plate; heat input

per pass; and manufacturers identi-fication of rod and flux. When fabrica-tion is done in accordance with partUHT in Section VIII of the ASME Code,filler material containing more than0.08 percent vanadium must not beused. The number of passes, thicknessof plate, and heat input per pass maynot vary more than 25 percent from theprocedure or welder qualifications.Records of the qualifications must beretained for at least 5 years by thecargo tank manufacturer and must bemade available to duly identified rep-resentatives of the Department and theowner of the cargo tank.

(c) All longitudinal shell welds shall

be located in the upper half of thecargo tank.

(d) Edge preparation of shell andhead components may be by machineheat processes, provided such surfacesare remelted in the subsequent weldingprocess. Where there will be no subse-quent remelting of the prepared surfaceas in a tapered section, the final 0.050inch of material shall be removed bymechanical means.

(e) The maximum tolerance for mis-alignment and butting up shall be inaccordance with the requirement inSection VIII of the ASME Code.

(f) Substructures shall be properly

fitted before attachment, and the weld-ing sequence shall be such as to mini-mize stresses due to shrinkage ofwelds.

[Order 59B, 30 FR 580, Jan. 16, 1965. Redesig-

nated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967]

EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-tations affecting 178.3374, see the List of

CFR Sections Affected which appears in the

Finding Aids section of the printed volumeand at www.fdsys.gov.

178.3375 Bulkheads, baffles and ringstiffeners.

(a) Not a specification requirement.

(b) [Reserved]


178.3376 Closure for manhole.

(a) Each cargo tank marked or cer-tified after April 21, 1994, must be pro-vided with a manhole conforming toparagraph UG46(g)(1) and other appli-cable requirements in Section VIII of

the ASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of thissubchapter), except that a cargo tankconstructed of NQT steel having a ca-pacity of 3,500 water gallons or lessmay be provided with an inspectionopening conforming to paragraph UG46 and other applicable requirements ofthe ASME Code instead of a manhole.

(b) The manhole assembly of cargotanks constructed after June 30, 1979,may not be located on the front head ofthe cargo tank.

[Amdt. 1787, 34 FR 18250, Nov. 14, 1969, asamended by Amdt. 17852, 43 FR 58820, Dec.18, 1978; Amdt. 17889, 54 FR 25017, June 12,1989; 55 FR 21038, May 22, 1990; 56 FR 27876,June 17, 1991; 58 FR 12905, March 8, 1993;Amdt. 178118, 61 FR 51340, Oct. 1, 1996; 68 FR75753, Dec. 31, 2003]

178.3377 Overturn protection.

(a) See 178.33710.

(b) [Reserved]


178.3378 Openings, inlets, and out-lets.

(a) General. The requirements in thisparagraph (a) apply to MC 331 cargotanks except for those used to trans-port chlorine. The requirements for in-lets and outlets on chlorine cargo

tanks are in paragraph (b) of this sec-tion.

(1) An opening must be provided oneach cargo tank used for the transpor-tation of liquefied materials to permitcomplete drainage.

(2) Except for gauging devices, ther-mometer wells, pressure relief valves,manhole openings, product inlet open-ings, and product discharge openings,each opening in a cargo tank must be



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.3378

closed with a plug, cap, or boltedflange.

(3) Except as provided in paragraph(b) of this section, each product inletopening, including vapor return lines,must be fitted with a back flow checkvalve or an internal self-closing stopvalve located inside the cargo tank orinside a welded nozzle that is an inte-gral part of the cargo tank. The valveseat must be located inside the cargotank or within 2.54 cm (one inch) of theexternal face of the welded flange.Damage to parts exterior to the cargo

tank or mating flange must not pre-vent effective seating of the valve. Allparts of a valve inside a cargo tank orwelded flange must be made of mate-rial that will not corrode or deterioratein the presence of the lading.

(4) Except as provided in paragraphs(a)(5), (b), and (c) of this section, eachliquid or vapor discharge outlet mustbe fitted with a primary discharge con-trol system as defined in 178.3371(g).Thermal remote operators must acti-vate at a temperature of 121.11C (250F) or less. Linkages between closuresand remote operators must be corro-sion resistant and effective in all typesof environmental conditions incident

to discharging of product.(i) On a cargo tank over 13,247.5 L

(3,500 gallons) water capacity, thermaland mechanical means of remote clo-sure must be installed at the ends ofthe cargo tank in at least two diago-nally opposite locations. If the loading/unloading connection at the cargo tankis not in the general vicinity of one ofthe two locations specified in the firstsentence of this paragraph (a)(4)(i), ad-ditional means of thermal remote clo-sure must be installed so that heatfrom a fire in the loading/unloadingconnection area or the discharge pumpwill activate the primary dischargecontrol system. The loading/unloading

connection area is where hoses or hosereels are connected to the permanentmetal piping.

(ii) On a cargo tank of 13,247.5 L (3,500gallons) water capacity or less, a ther-mal means of remote closure must beinstalled at or near the internal self-closing stop valve. A mechanicalmeans of remote closure must be in-stalled on the end of the cargo tankfurthest away from the loading/unload-

ing connection area. The loading/un-loading connection area is where hoses

or hose reels are connected to the per-

manent metal piping. Linkages be-tween closures and remote operators

must be corrosion resistant and effec-tive in all types of environmental con-

ditions incident to discharge of prod-uct.

(iii) All parts of a valve inside a

cargo tank or within a welded flangemust be made of material that will not

corrode or deteriorate in the presence

of the lading.(iv) An excess flow valve, integral ex-cess flow valve, or excess flow feature

must close if the flow reaches the ratedflow of a gas or liquid specified by the

original valve manufacturer when pip-ing mounted directly on the valve is

sheared off before the first valve,

pump, or fitting downstream from theexcess flow valve, integral excess flowvalve, or excess flow feature.

(v) An integral excess flow valve orthe excess flow feature of an internalself-closing stop valve may be designedwith a bypass, not to exceed 0.1016 cm(0.040 inch) diameter opening, to allowequalization of pressure.

(vi) The internal self-closing stopvalve must be designed so that the self-stored energy source and the valve seatare located inside the cargo tank orwithin 2.54 cm (one inch) of the exter-nal face of the welded flange. Damageto parts exterior to the cargo tank ormating flange must not prevent effec-tive seating of the valve.

(5) A primary discharge control sys-tem is not required on the following:

(i) A vapor or liquid discharge open-ing of less than 114 NPT equipped withan excess flow valve together with amanually operated external stop valvein place of an internal self-closing stop

valve.(ii) An engine fuel line on a truck-

mounted cargo tank of not more than34 NPT equipped with a valve having anintegral excess flow valve or excessflow feature.

(iii) A cargo tank motor vehicle usedto transport refrigerated liquids suchas argon, carbon dioxide, helium, kryp-ton, neon, nitrogen, and xenon, or mix-tures thereof.



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(6) In addition to the internal self-closing stop valve, each filling and dis-charge line must be fitted with a stopvalve located in the line between theinternal self-closing stop valve and thehose connection. A back flow checkvalve or excess flow valve may not beused to satisfy this requirement.

(7) An excess flow valve may be de-signed with a bypass, not to exceed a0.1016 centimeter (0.040 inch) diameteropening, to allow equalization of pres-sure.

(b) Inlets and discharge outlets on chlo-

rine tanks. The inlet and discharge out-lets on a cargo tank used to transportchlorine must meet the requirementsof 178.3371(c)(2) and must be fittedwith an internal excess flow valve. Inaddition to the internal excess flowvalve, the inlet and discharge outletsmust be equipped with an external stopvalve (angle valve). Excess flow valvesmust conform to the standards of TheChlorine Institute, Inc., as follows:

(1) A valve conforming to The Chlo-rine Institute, Inc., Dwg. 1017 (IBR,see 171.7 of this subchapter), must beinstalled under each liquid angle valve.

(2) A valve conforming to The Chlo-rine Institute, Inc., Dwg. 1066 (IBR,

see 171.7 of this subchapter), must beinstalled under each gas angle valve.

(c) Discharge outlets on carbon dioxide,refrigerated liquid, cargo tanks. A dis-charge outlet on a cargo tank used totransport carbon dioxide, refrigeratedliquid is not required to be fitted withan internal self-closing stop valve.

[64 FR 28049, May 24, 1999, as amended at 66FR 45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 19279, Apr. 18,2003; 68 FR 75753, Dec. 31, 2003]

178.3379 Pressure relief devices,piping, valves, hoses, and fittings.

(a) Pressure relief devices. (1) See 173.315(i) of this subchapter.

(2) On cargo tanks for carbon dioxide

or nitrous oxide see 173.315 (i) (9) and(10) of this subchapter.

(3) Each valve must be designed, con-structed, and marked for a rated pres-sure not less than the cargo tank de-sign pressure at the temperature ex-pected to be encountered.

(b) Piping, valves, hose, and fittings. (1)The burst pressure of all piping, pipefittings, hose and other pressure parts,except for pump seals and pressure re-

lief devices, must be at least 4 timesthe design pressure of the cargo tank.

Additionally, the burst pressure may

not be less than 4 times any higherpressure to which each pipe, pipe fit-

ting, hose or other pressure part maybe subjected to in service. For chlorine

service, see paragraph (b)(7) of this sec-tion.

(2) Pipe joints must be threaded,

welded, or flanged. If threaded pipe isused, the pipe and fittings must be

Schedule 80 weight or heavier, except

for sacrificial devices. Malleable metal,stainless steel, or ductile iron must be

used in the construction of primaryvalve body parts and fittings used in

liquid filling or vapor equalization.Stainless steel may be used for internal

components such as shutoff discs andsprings except where incompatible with

the lading to be transported. Wherecopper tubing is permitted, joints mustbe brazed or be of equally strong metalunion type. The melting point of thebrazing material may not be lowerthan 538 C (1,000 F). The method ofjoining tubing may not reduce thestrength of the tubing.

(3) Each hose coupling must be de-

signed for a pressure of at least 120 per-cent of the hose design pressure and sothat there will be no leakage when con-nected.

(4) Piping must be protected fromdamage due to thermal expansion andcontraction, jarring, and vibration.Slip joints are not authorized for thispurpose.

(5) [Reserved]

(6) Cargo tank manufacturers andfabricators must demonstrate that allpiping, valves, and fittings on a cargotank are free from leaks. To meet thisrequirement, the piping, valves, andfittings must be tested after installa-

tion at not less than 80 percent of thedesign pressure marked on the cargotank.

(7) A hose assembler must:

(i) Permanently mark each hose as-sembly with a unique identificationnumber.

(ii) Demonstrate that each hose as-sembly is free from leaks by per-forming the tests and inspections in 180.416(f) of this subchapter.



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.33710

(iii) Mark each hose assembly withthe month and year of its original pres-

sure test.

(8) Chlorine cargo tanks. Angle valves

on cargo tanks intended for chlorineservice must conform to the standards

of the Chlorine Institute, Inc., Dwg.1048 or Section 3, Pamphlet 166,

Angle Valve Guidelines for ChlorineBulk Transportation. (IBR, see 171.7

of this subchapter). Before installation,each angle valve must be tested for

leakage at not less than 225 psig using

dry air or inert gas.(c) Marking inlets and outlets. Exceptfor gauging devices, thermometerwells, and pressure relief valves, eachcargo tank inlet and outlet must bemarked liquid or vapor to des-ignate whether it communicates withliquid or vapor when the cargo tank isfilled to the maximum permitted fill-ing density. A filling line that commu-nicates with vapor may be markedspray-fill instead of vapor.

(d) Refrigeration and heating coils. (1)Refrigeration and heating coils mustbe securely anchored with provisionsfor thermal expansion. The coils mustbe pressure tested externally to at

least the cargo tank test pressure, andinternally to either the tank test pres-sure or twice the working pressure ofthe heating/refrigeration system,whichever is higher. A cargo tank maynot be placed in service if any leakageoccurs or other evidence of damage isfound. The refrigerant or heating me-dium to be circulated through the coilsmust not be capable of causing any ad-verse chemical reaction with the cargotank lading in the event of leakage.The unit furnishing refrigeration maybe mounted on the motor vehicle.

(2) Where any liquid susceptible tofreezing, or the vapor of any such liq-

uid, is used for heating or refrigera-tion, the heating or refrigeration sys-tem shall be arranged to permit com-plete drainage.


nated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967]

EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-

tations affecting 178.3379, see the List of

CFR Sections Affected which appears in the

Finding Aids section of the printed volume

and at www.fdsys.gov.

178.33710 Accident damage protec-tion.

(a) All valves, fittings, pressure reliefdevices, and other accessories to thetank proper shall be protected in ac-cordance with paragraph (b) of this sec-tion against such damage as could becaused by collision with other vehiclesor objects, jack-knifing and over-turning. In addition, pressure reliefvalves shall be so protected that in theevent of overturn of the vehicle onto ahard surface, their opening will not be

prevented and their discharge will notbe restricted.

(b) The protective devices or housingmust be designed to withstand staticloading in any direction equal to twicethe weight of the tank and attach-ments when filled with the lading,using a safety factor of not less thanfour, based on the ultimate strength ofthe material to be used, without dam-age to the fittings protected, and mustbe made of metal at least 316-inchthick.

(c) Rear-end tank protection. Rear-endtank protection devices must:

(1) Consist of at least one rear bump-er designed to protect the cargo tank

and all valves, piping and fittings lo-cated at the rear of the cargo tankfrom damage that could result in lossof lading in the event of a rear end col-lision. The bumper design must trans-mit the force of the collision directlyto the chassis of the vehicle. The rearbumper and its attachments to thechassis must be designed to withstanda load equal to twice the weight of theloaded cargo tank motor vehicle andattachments, using a safety factor offour based on the tensile strength ofthe materials used, with such loadbeing applied horizontally and parallelto the major axis of the cargo tank.The rear bumper dimensions must also

meet the requirements of 393.86 of thistitle; or

(2) Conform to the requirements of 178.3458(d).

(d) Chlorine tanks. A chlorine tankmust be equipped with a protectivehousing and a manway cover to permitthe use of standard emergency kits forcontrolling leaks in fittings on thedome cover plate. For tanks manufac-tured on or after October 1, 2009, the



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143


housing and manway cover must con-form to the Chlorine Institute, Inc.,Dwg. 1375 (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter).

(e) Piping and fittings. Piping and fit-tings must be grouped in the smallestpracticable space and protected fromdamage as required in this section.

(f) Shear section. A shear section orsacrificial device is required for thevalves specified in the following loca-tions:

(1) A section that will break understrain must be provided adjacent to or

outboard of each valve specified in 178.3378(a)(3) and (4).

(2) Each internal self-closing stopvalve, excess flow valve, and checkvalve must be protected by a shear sec-tion or other sacrificial device. Thesacrificial device must be located inthe piping system outboard of the stopvalve and within the accident damageprotection to prevent any accidentalloss of lading. The failure of the sac-rificial device must leave the protectedlading protection device and its attach-ment to the cargo tank wall intact andcapable of retaining product.



178.33711 Emergency discharge con-trol.

(a) Emergency discharge control equip-ment. Emergency discharge controlequipment must be installed in a liquiddischarge line as specified by productand service in 173.315(n) of this sub-chapter. The performance and certifi-cation requirements for emergency dis-charge control equipment are specifiedin 173.315(n) of this subchapter and are

not a part of the cargo tank motor ve-hicle certification made under thisspecification.

(b) Engine fuel lines. On a truck-mounted cargo tank, emergency dis-charge control equipment is not re-quired on an engine fuel line of notmore than 34 NPT equipped with avalve having an integral excess flowvalve or excess flow feature.

[64 FR 28050, May 24, 1999]

178.33712 [Reserved]

178.33713 Supporting and anchor-ing.

(a) A cargo tank that is not perma-

nently attached to or integral with a

vehicle chassis must be secured by the

use of restraining devices designed to

prevent relative motion between the

cargo tank and the vehicle chassis

when the vehicle is in operation. Such

restraining devices must be readily ac-

cessible for inspection and mainte-

nance.(b) On a cargo tank motor vehicle de-

signed and constructed so that the

cargo tank constitutes in whole or in

part the structural member used in

place of a motor vehicle frame, the

cargo tank must be supported by exter-

nal cradles. A cargo tank mounted on a

motor vehicle frame must be supported

by external cradles or longitudinal

members. Where used, the cradles must

subtend at least 120 degrees of the shell

circumference.

(c) The design calculations of the

support elements must satisfy the re-

quirements of 178.3373, (a), (b), (c),

and (d).(d) Where any cargo tank support is

attached to any part of a cargo tank

head, the stresses imposed upon the

head must be provided for as required

in paragraph (c) of this section.

[68 FR 19280, Apr. 18, 2003]

178.33714 Gauging devices.

(a) Liquid level gauging devices. See

173.315(h) of this subchapter.

(b) Pressure gauges. (1) See 173.315(h)

of this subchapter.

(2) Each cargo tank used in carbon

dioxide, refrigerated liquid or nitrous

oxide, refrigerated liquid service must

be provided with a suitable pressuregauge. A shut-off valve must be in-

stalled between the pressure gauge and

the cargo tank.

(c) Orifices. See 173.315(h) (3) and (4)

of this subchapter.

[Amdt. 17829, 38 FR 27599, Oct. 5, 1973, as

amended by Amdt. 17889, 54 FR 25018, June

12, 1989; Amdt. 178118, 61 FR 51340, Oct. 1,

1996]



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.33715

178.33715 Pumps and compressors.

(a) Liquid pumps or gas compressors,if used, must be of suitable design, ade-quately protected against breakage bycollision, and kept in good condition.They may be driven by motor vehiclepower take-off or other mechanical,electrical, or hydraulic means. Unlessthey are of the centrifugal type, theyshall be equipped with suitable pres-sure actuated by-pass valves permit-ting flow from discharge to suction orto the cargo tank.

(b) A liquid chlorine pump may notbe installed on a cargo tank intendedfor the transportation of chlorine.

[Amdt. 17889, 54 FR 25018, June 12, 1989, asamended by Amdt. 178118, 61 FR 51340, Oct.1, 1996]

178.33716 Testing.

(a) Inspection and tests. Inspection ofmaterials of construction of the cargotank and its appurtenances and origi-nal test and inspection of the finishedcargo tank and its appurtenances mustbe as required by Section VIII of theASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter) and as further required by thisspecification, except that for cargo

tanks constructed in accordance withpart UHT in Section VIII of the ASMECode the original test pressure must beat least twice the cargo tank designpressure.

(b) Weld testing and inspection. (1)Each cargo tank constructed in accord-ance with part UHT in Section VIII ofthe ASME Code must be subjected,after postweld heat treatment and hy-drostatic tests, to a wet fluorescentmagnetic particle inspection to bemade on all welds in or on the cargotank shell and heads both inside andout. The method of inspection mustconform to appendix 6 in Section VIIIof the ASME Code except that perma-

nent magnets shall not be used.(2) On cargo tanks of over 3,500 gal-

lons water capacity other than thosedescribed in paragraph (b)(1) of thissection unless fully radiographed, atest must be made of all welds in or onthe shell and heads both inside andoutside by either the wet fluorescentmagnetic particle method conformingto appendix U in Section VIII of theASME Code, liquid dye penetrant

method, or ultrasonic testing in ac-cordance with appendix 12 in SectionVIII of the ASME Code. Permanentmagnets must not be used to performthe magnetic particle inspection.

(c) All defects found shall be re-paired, the cargo tanks shall thenagain be postweld heat treated, if suchheat treatment was previously per-formed, and the repaired areas shallagain be tested.


nated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967, and amended

by Amdt. 1787, 34 FR 18250, Nov. 14, 1969;Amdt. 17899, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1, 1993; Amdt.

178118, 61 FR 51340, Oct. 1, 1996; 68 FR 75753,Dec. 31, 2003]

178.33717 Marking.

(a) General. Each cargo tank certifiedafter October 1, 2004 must have a corro-sion-resistant metal name plate(ASME Plate) and specification platepermanently attached to the cargotank by brazing, welding, or other suit-able means on the left side near thefront, in a place accessible for inspec-tion. If the specification plate is at-tached directly to the cargo tank wallby welding, it must be welded to the

tank before the cargo tank is postweldheat treated.

(1) The plates must be legibly markedby stamping, embossing, or othermeans of forming letters into themetal of the plate, with the informa-tion required in paragraphs (b) and (c)of this section, in addition to that re-quired by the ASME Code, in char-acters at least 3/16 inch high (par-enthetical abbreviations may be used).All plates must be maintained in a leg-ible condition.

(2) Each insulated cargo tank musthave additional plates, as described, at-tached to the jacket in the locationspecified unless the specification plate

is attached to the chassis and has theinformation required in paragraphs (b)and (c) of this section.

(3) The information required for boththe name and specification plate maybe displayed on a single plate. If the in-formation required by this section isdisplayed on a plate required by theASME, the information need not be re-peated on the name and specificationplates.



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(4) The specification plate may be at-tached to the cargo tank motor vehiclechassis rail by brazing, welding, orother suitable means on the left sidenear the front head, in a place acces-sible for inspection. If the specificationplate is attached to the chassis rail,then the cargo tank serial number as-signed by the cargo tank manufacturermust be included on the plate.

(b) Name plate. The following infor-mation must be marked on the nameplate in accordance with this section:

(1) DOT-specification number MC 331

(DOT MC 331).(2) Original test date (Orig. Test

Date).(3) MAWP in psig.

(4) Cargo tank design temperature(Design Temp. Range) lll F tolllF.

(5) Nominal capacity (Water Cap.), inpounds.

(6) Maximum design density of lading(Max. Lading density), in pounds pergallon.

(7) Material specification numbershell (Shell matl, yyy***), where yyyis replaced by the alloy designationand *** is replaced by the alloy type.

(8) Material specification numberheads (Head matl. yyy***), whereyyy is replaced by the alloy designa-tion and *** by the alloy type.

(9) Minimum Thicknessshell (Min.Shell-thick), in inches. When minimumshell thicknesses are not the same fordifferent areas, show (topll, sidell,bottomll, in inches).

(10) Minimum thicknessheads (Min.heads thick.), in inches.

(11) Manufactured thicknessshell(Mfd. Shell thick.), topll, sidell,bottomll, in inches. (Required whenadditional thickness is provided forcorrosion allowance.)

(12) Manufactured thicknessheads

(Mfd. Heads thick.), in inches. (Re-quired when additional thickness isprovided for corrosion allowance.)

(13) Exposed surface area, in squarefeet.

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (b): When the shell andhead materials are the same thickness, theymay be combined, (Shell&head matl,yyy***).

(c) Specification plate. The followinginformation must be marked on the

specification plate in accordance withthis section:

(1) Cargo tank motor vehicle manu-facturer (CTMV mfr.).

(2) Cargo tank motor vehicle certifi-cation date (CTMV cert. date).

(3) Cargo tank manufacturer (CTmfr.).

(4) Cargo tank date of manufacture(CT date of mfr.), month and year.

(5) Maximum weight of lading (Max.Payload), in pounds

(6) Lining materials (Lining), if ap-

plicable.(7) Heating system design pressure

(Heating sys. press.), in psig, if applica-ble.

(8) Heating system design tempera-ture (Heating sys. temp.), in F, if ap-plicable.

(9) Cargo tank serial number, as-signed by cargo tank manufacturer (CTserial), if applicable.

NOTE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c): See 173.315(a) ofthis chapter regarding water capacity.

NOTE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (c): When the shelland head materials are the same thickness,they may be combined (Shell & head matl,yyy***).

(d) The design weight of lading usedin determining the loading in 178.3373(b), 178.33710(b) and (c), and 178.33713(a) and (b), must be shown as themaximum weight of lading marking re-quired by paragraph (c) of this section.

[68 FR 19280, Apr. 18, 2003; 68 FR 52370, Sept.3, 2003, as amended at 68 FR 57633, Oct. 6,2003]

178.33718 Certification.

(a) At or before the time of delivery,the cargo tank motor vehicle manufac-turer must supply and the owner mustobtain, a cargo tank motor vehiclemanufacturers data report as requiredby Section VIII of the ASME Code

(IBR, see 171.7 of this subchapter), anda certificate stating that the com-pleted cargo tank motor vehicle con-forms in all respects to SpecificationMC 331 and the ASME Code. The reg-istration numbers of the manufacturer,the Design Certifying Engineer, andthe Registered Inspector, as appro-priate, must appear on the certificates(see subpart F, part 107 in subchapter Aof this chapter).



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.338

(1) For each design type, the certifi-cate must be signed by a responsible of-ficial of the manufacturer and a DesignCertifying Engineer; and

(2) For each cargo tank motor vehi-cle, the certificate must be signed by aresponsible official of the manufac-turer and a Registered Inspector.

(3) When a cargo tank motor vehicleis manufactured in two or more stages,each manufacturer who performs amanufacturing function or portionthereof on the incomplete cargo tankmotor vehicle must provide to the suc-

ceeding manufacturer, at or before thetime of delivery, a certificate thatstates the function performed by themanufacturer, including any certifi-cates received from previous manufac-turers, Registered Inspectors, and De-sign Certifying Engineers.

(4) Specification shortages. When acargo tank motor vehicle is manufac-tured in two or more stages, the manu-facturer of the cargo tank must attachthe name plate and specification plateas required by 178.33717(a) and (b)without the original date of certifi-cation stamped on the specificationplate. Prior manufacturers must listthe specification requirements that are

not completed on the Certificate ofCompliance. When the cargo tankmotor vehicle is brought into full com-pliance with the applicable specifica-tion, the cargo tank motor vehiclemanufacturer must have a RegisteredInspector stamp the date of certifi-cation on the specification plate andissue a Certificate of Compliance to theowner of the cargo tank motor vehicle.The Certificate of Compliance mustlist the actions taken to bring thecargo tank motor vehicle into fullcompliance. In addition, the certificatemust include the date of certificationand the person (manufacturer, carrieror repair organization) accomplishing

compliance.(5) The certificate must state wheth-

er or not it includes certification thatall valves, piping, and protective de-vices conform to the requirements ofthe specification. If it does not so cer-tify, the installer of any such valve,piping, or device shall supply and theowner shall obtain a certificate assert-ing complete compliance with thesespecifications for such devices. The

certificate, or certificates, will includesufficient sketches, drawings, andother information to indicate the loca-tion, make, model, and size of eachvalve and the arrangement of all pipingassociated with the cargo tank.

(6) The certificate must contain astatement indicating whether or notthe cargo tank was postweld heattreated for anhydrous ammonia asspecified in 178.3371(f).

(b) The owner shall retain the copy ofthe data report and certificates and re-lated papers in his files throughout his

ownership of the cargo tank motor ve-hicle and for at least one year there-after; and in the event of change inownership, retention by the priorowner of nonfading photographicallyreproduced copies will be deemed tosatisfy this requirement. Each motorcarrier using the cargo tank motor ve-hicle, if not the owner thereof, shallobtain a copy of the data report andcertificate and retain them in his filesduring the time he uses the cargo tankmotor vehicle and for at least one yearthereafter.



178.338 Specification MC338; insu-lated cargo tank motor vehicle.

178.3381 General requirements.

(a) For the purposes of this section(1) Design pressure means the

MAWP as used in Section VIII of theASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter), and is the gauge pressure atthe top of the tank.

(2) Design service temperature meansthe coldest temperature for which the

tank is suitable (see 173.318 (a)(1) and(f) of this subchapter).

(b) Each cargo tank must consist of asuitably supported welded inner vesselenclosed within an outer shell or jack-et, with insulation between the innervessel and outer shell or jacket, andhaving piping, valves, supports andother appurtenances as specified in thissubchapter. For the purpose of thisspecification, tank means inner vessel



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andjacket means either the outer shellor insulation cover.

(c) Each tank must be designed, con-structed, certified, and stamped in ac-cordance with Section VIII of theASME Code.

(d) The exterior surface of the tankmust be insulated with a material com-patible with the lading.

(1) Each cargo tank must have an in-sulation system that will prevent thetank pressure from exceeding the pres-sure relief valve set pressure within thespecified holding time when the tank is

loaded with the specific cryogenic liq-uid at the design conditions of

(i) The specified temperature andpressure of the cryogenic liquid, and

(ii) The exposure of the filled cargotank to an average ambient tempera-ture of 85 F.

(2) For a cargo tank used to transportoxygen, the insulation may not sustaincombustion in a 99.5 percent oxygen at-mosphere at atmospheric pressurewhen contacted with a continuouslyheated glowing platinum wire. Thecargo tank must be marked in accord-ance with 178.33818(b)(7).

(3) Each vacuum-insulated cargotank must be provided with a connec-

tion for a vacuum gauge to indicate theabsolute pressure within the insulationspace.

(e) The insulation must be com-pletely covered by a metal jacket. Thejacket or the insulation must be soconstructed and sealed as to preventmoisture from coming into contactwith the insulation (see 173.318(a)(3) ofthis subchapter). Minimum metalthicknesses are as follows:

Type metal

Jacket evacu-ated

Jacket notevacuated

Gauge Inches Gauge Inches

Sta inless steel . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 18 0.0428 22 0.0269Low carbon mild steel .. 12 0.0946 14 0.0677Aluminum ..................... ........... 0.125 ........... 0.1000

(f) An evacuated jacket must be incompliance with the following require-ments:

(1) The jacket must be designed tosustain a minimum critical collapsingpressure of 30 psig.

(2) If the jacket also supports addi-tional loads, such as the weight of thetank and lading, the combined stress,computed according to the formula in

178.3383(b), may not exceed 25 percentof the minimum specified tensilestrength.

[Amdt. 17877, 48 FR 27703, June 16, 1983, asamended at 49 FR 24316, June 12, 1984; Amdt.178104, 59 FR 49135, Sept. 26, 1994; 66 FR45387, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 75754, Dec. 31, 2003]

178.3382 Material.

(a) All material used in the construc-tion of a tank and its appurtenancesthat may come in contact with the lad-ing must be compatible with the ladingto be transported. All material used for

tank pressure parts must conform tothe requirements in Section II of theASME Code (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter). All material used for evacu-ated jacket pressure parts must con-form to the chemistry and steelmakingpractices of one of the material speci-fications of Section II of the ASMECode or the following ASTM Specifica-tions (IBR, see 171.7 of this sub-chapter): A 242, A 441, A 514, A 572, A588, A 606, A 633, A 715, A 1008/A 1008M,A 1011/A 1011M.

(b) All tie-rods, mountings, and otherappurtenances within the jacket andall piping, fittings and valves must beof material suitable for use at the low-

est temperature to be encountered.(c) Impact tests are required on all

tank materials, except materials thatare excepted from impact testing bythe ASME Code, and must be per-formed using the procedure prescribedin Section VIII of the ASME Code.

(d) The direction of final rolling ofthe shell material must be the circum-ferential orientation of the tank shell.

(e) Each tank constructed in accord-ance with part UHT in Section VIII ofthe ASME Code must be postweld heattreated as a unit after completion ofall welds to the shell and heads. Othertanks must be postweld heat treated asrequired in Section VIII of the ASME

Code. For all tanks the method mustbe as prescribed in the ASME Code.Welded attachments to pads may bemade after postweld heat treatment.

(f) The fabricator shall record theheat and slab numbers and the certifiedCharpy impact values of each plateused in the tank on a sketch showingthe location of each plate in the shelland heads of the tank. A copy of thesketch must be provided to the owner



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49 CFR Ch. I (10111 Edition) 178.3383

of the cargo tank and a copy must beretained by the fabricator for at leastfive years and made available, upon re-quest, to any duly identified represent-ative of the Department.

(Approved by the Office of Management andBudget under control number 21370017)

[Amdt. 17877, 48 FR 27703 and 27713, June 16,1983, as amended at 49 FR 24316, June 12, 1984;68 FR 19281, Apr. 18, 2003; 68 FR 75754, Dec. 31,2003; 70 FR 34076, June 13, 2005]

178.3383 Structural integrity.

(a) General requirements and accept-ance criteria. (1) Except as permitted inparagraph (d) of this section, the max-imum calculated design stress at anypoint

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CFR 2011 Title49 Vol3 Part178 SubpartJ