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Case for Innovation
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Introduction
Part A – Case for innovation
Architecture as a discourse
Computation
Parametric modeling
Algorithm exploration
INDEX
Introduction My name is Yun Wa and I come from China. I am a third
year student major in architecture. I like aesthetic
objects and therefore I am interested in model making
and drawing. I have tried to learn different designed
software like Rhino, Revit, AutoCAD and Google
sketchup. I hope I can produce physical aesthetic
designs and show them to people. I have learnt Rhino
since last year from the virtual design class. Rhino is
powerful design tool which can generate different form
of designs by drawing curves. The lantern on the image
is my virtual design. I am looking forward to learn
grasshopper in this semester as grasshopper has many
strong commands to create abstract structures like
voronoi pattern. When I was graduated from high
school, I did not know anything about Architecture. I
joined this faculty because I thought Architecture is
something about art and drawing. In my first year of
university,
I hate architecture because of its heavy work-load.
Ho e e , I as i spi ed to o Ito s desig s i second year. I began to get interested in architecture.
To o s aestheti desig gi es e a feeli g of o fo t and natural.
This is my final virtual design. The
idea of my design is about water
movement. I chose water to be
the designed element because
water is the central elemental
force of nature. Water can be
various forms in different states.
The inner life of water can be
portrayed easily by its flow-form
which is constructed by a series of
curvy line.
Case for Innovation
Part A
Architecture as a discourse
Human always believe that current technologies is the way which is able to challenge nature. Most
a hite ts eate desig s ith az fo o st u tu e. The t to displa thei fashio a le a hite tu es to the o ld to sho thei a ilit to desig . Ho e e , these a hite tu es a e ge e all lack of efficiency in terms of energy and space optimization.
There are many things we can learn from nature, for instance, nature systems, materials, processes,
structures and aesthetics. These elements can be applied to sustainable architectural designs and
sol e te h i al p o le s. The help a hite ts to seek e di e tio s fo thei desig s. Life has had millions of years to finely-tu e e ha is s a d st u tu es su h as photos thesis, o spide s silk that work better than current technologies, require less energy and produce no life-unfriendly waste.
The e ulatio of this te h olog is the goal of io i i , the a t of i o atio i spi ed atu e. (Design with purpose, viewed 01/04/13) Innovation in design is important because it provides people
with new and unique feelings in different environments which make them feel knowledgeable and
special. For example, a contemporary space in a building provides a place for people to think and
spark debates.
“WHAT CAN ARCHITECTURE LEARN
FROM NATURE”
A o e all, a hite tu e ought to e see as dis ou se. Buildi gs as ate ial facts are a small part of the overall field of architecture, a field which is better
ega ded as a et o k of p a ti es a d de ates a out the uilt e i o e t. (Richard Williams, 'Architecture and Visual Culture', in Exploring Visual Culture :
Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, Edinburgh University Press, 2005, pp. 102 - 116)
Architecture is a language which is able to speak to people of its time and
place. Therefore, architecture should provide a network and space for people
which can speak to discussion about the culture and built environments.
However, everything we see and we know they all come from nature.
Therefore, the entity of nature is perfect and aesthetic. That is the reason why
we should also pay attention to the nature system and learn what nature does
to make things effective.
http://interfacedesignwithpurpose.com.au/nature-as-inspiration-biomimicry-in-architecture/
He listed a few examples from
nature of how we should be humble
and obtains the good things from
nature. If we can learn to make
things and do things in the way
nature does, we can save a lot of
energy and resource use.
In the TED talk, Michael Pawlyn (who worked with Grimshaw
Architects and was part of the core team of architects that
designed the Eden Project.) focuses on three important concepts
taken from nature: radical resource efficiency, linear disposal to
closed loops, and drawing energy from the sun. These principles of
idea are important to develop sustainable designs in the future.
One example from TED talk was a
biomimetic building, the Eden
Project Biomes in Cornwall.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=4y0fEYptvEk). This project
consists of hexagonal, inflated
cells supported by steel frames.
Its appearance is a collection of
giant bubble. This architecture is
extremely cost efficient because
its form and structural pattern
optimize the efficiency of its
internal space.
Precedent the Eden Project Biomes in Cornwall
This building is enclosed with an insulating polymer membrane that has one
hundredth of the weight of a glass solution which becomes one of the
lightest structures ever made. This design also involves passive solar
principles. The building itself is self-heating.
The geometry of the roof is
panelled with hexagons derived
from phyllotaxis. Phyllotaxis is
done by mathematical
calculation of the growth of
plants. This pattern
arrangement allows the steels
to be fixed together in a very
stable way. It optimizes the
surface area of the building in
order to receive the largest
amount of solar energy.
The gateway project should
include similar natural structure
system, material and pattern in
order to achieve a sustainable
and aesthetic design. Also, the
form or the structure of the
building should be able to
integrate into its built
environments so that people
can see the relationship of the
building and its environments.
This is the way which
architecture could speak to
people of its time and place.
http://www.google.com.hk/imgres?q=the+Eden+Project+Biomes+in+Cornwall&um=1&hl=zh-
CN&safe=strict&rlz=1R2ADRA_zh-CNCN469&biw=1280&bih=574&tbm=isch&tbnid=B-
ztb5nyGK5q3M:&imgrefurl=http://www.lifestyleflash.com/2012/cornwall-eden-project/eden-project-rainforest-biome-
canopy/&docid=jLeqQ8-I9V8dIM&imgurl=http://www.lifestyleflash.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Eden-Project-
Rainforest-biome-canopy-
1024x685.jpg&w=1024&h=685&ei=YWBeUb3ZCuT_iAe2w4GIDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=958&vpy=215&dur=531&hov
h=184&hovw=275&tx=113&ty=112&page=1&tbnh=136&tbnw=218&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0,i:142
http://evilmonito.com/2008/11/03/toyo-ito-and-egg-crates/
This architecture was designed by my favorite architect, Toyo Ito. This design reminds me of a giant
vessel. Toyo Ito developed this organic geometry using an interlocking system. This system allows
walls, floor and ceiling of the building blend together. The walls themself become the main structure
of the building to take vertical and horizontal loads. Most of his designs are composed of geometries
and natural elements which create a new aesthetic theory of architecture.
Taichung Metropolitan Opera House
Precedent
By observation, we can learn any form
and structures from nature and see what
they can do to optimize energy efficiency.
This organic design is a good example
which both wall and column becomes one
body as the structural part of the building.
This design optimizes the structural space
of the building. The project might require
huge construction costs because it
requires a lot of work on calculations for
its algorithm and use of material. This is
what we should consider for the gateway
project, a proper algorithm method,
material use and space optimization as
nature always does things in the most
efficient and simplest way. A hite tu e needs to he thought of less as a set of
special material products and rather more
as range of social and professional
practices that sometimes, but by no
ea s al a s, lead to uildi gs (Richard
Williams, 'Architecture and Visual Culture',
in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions,
Concepts, Contexts, Edinburgh University
Press, 2005, pp. 102 - 116)
http://thebeaufort8group.blogspot.com.au/2010/10/taichung-metro-opera-
house.html#!/2010/10/taichung-metro-opera-house.html
http://benhuser.wordpress.com/2010/11/28/la-biennale-di-venezia-people-
meet-in-architecture/
COMPUTATION Computation is a process to help architects exploring new idea of designs. Computation has
a diffe e t ea i gs. I B ad Pete s a d Xa ie De Kestelie s a ti le, “ea Ahl uist a d A hi Me ges defi e o putatio as the p o essi g of i fo atio a d i te a tio s et ee elements which constitute a specific environment; it provides a framework for negotiating and
influencing the interrelation of datasets of information, with the capacity to generate complex
o de , fo , a d st u tu e. I othe o ds, o putatio is a p o ess follo i g a e pli it odel expressed as an algorithm.
Algorithm is a step by step procedure for performing a computation. It
requires inputs and outputs through the whole procedure. If the inputs
of the program have been placed in a wrong position, the result will
not come up or it will come up with something totally different.
Desig highlights t o of its aspe ts. The fi st is p o edu e : a algorithm is a process that must be specified step-by-step. Designers
la gel des i e o je ts athe tha p o ess. The se o d is p e ise : ispla ed ha a te ea s that a algo ith likel ill ot o k
(Woodbury, Robert 2010., Elements of Parametric Design, London:
Routledge)
So is computation a necessary method for design? Can we design a
building without computation? http://blog.csdn.net/heyetina/article/details
/8025638
Algorithm is a set instruction for
computer to solve problems. It is
a language to be understood by
the computer and used to instruct
the computer to work out
p og a s logi all . A algo ith is a particular set of instructions,
and for these instructions to be
understood by the computer they
must be written in a language the
o pute a u de sta d, a ode. (Computation Works: The Building
of Algorithmic Thought, edited by:
Brady Peters, Xavier De Kestelier,
March/April 2013) the commands
which we use in Rhino have been
translated from algorithm code.
These commands are refined
language to be understood by
designers. Even they first use
RhinoScript they can modify their
designs through the power of
computation.
http://crtl-i.com/blog/category/grasshopper-explicit-history/
Whe e take a look of the uildi g, “e pe ti e pa ilio , the olu s of the uildi g sla t at diffe e t a gles depe di g o the floo . The ethod to ge e ate these da i g olu s is hat as alled otati g s ua e algo ith .
Precedent
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2010/may/23/serpentine-pavilions-ten-years-on
Serpentine Pavilion
In a Toyo Ito interview, Ito talked about the idea of his Serpentine pavilion project and brought out
the defi itio of algo ith . I ha e dis ussed algo ith ith Ce il Bal o d . He des i es algorithm as some kind of rule that can create something new and more dynamic situation than
so e a do li es.
The a do ess hu a ei gs a e a le to o ei e is li ited, a d that thi gs e had ot i agi ed a e o e likel to o u usi g algo ith s. As patte , it is e useful to use algo ith to set up a certain rule to control the structure of designs. Moreover, applying algorithm to
architectural designs may lead to spaces we had not even imagined at the beginning. It could be
the way to go beyond intellect of designers.
http://arct5580-
ishak.blogspot.com.au/2009/10/serpenti
ne-gallery-by-toyo-ito-cecil.html
http://arct5580-
ishak.blogspot.com.au/2009/10/serpenti
ne-gallery-by-toyo-ito-cecil.html
Tod’s Omotesando in Japan
A othe e a ple of algo ith desig is Tod s Omotesando in Japan. Ito controlled the grid by
changing its scale and created a three-
dimensional surface. The top grid of the model
is connected to the lower grid by a meshed
sheet. The mesh distorted into complex grid.
The complex grid follows the form of a
rectangular box controlled by the algorithm. Any
changes to the grid will also change the pattern
of the building. This complex process can be
done easily by computation.
http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/portfolio/archives/0506tods.asp
We can take advantage of computation, use
algorithm method to explore as many design
possibilities as possible and choose the one which
fits to the gateway project goal as the final outcome.
Computation is an important process for the
gateway project which we might work out
unexpected result through computation.
Every design can be a good design if no problems
are found in the design. The problems which cause
design failure could be space inefficient, choose of
wrong material or obstruction for visual access. The
role of architects is to solve these problems.
However, these problems need to be solved by
designers themselves through experience and the
knowledge of architecture. It cannot be done by
computation because computation is just a tool to
aid architects technical problems. (https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:JO0O3mIA2akJ:www
.petermacapia.com/blog/wp-
content/gallery/Publications/ItoInterview/MacapiaItoEmergentWeb.
pdf+ito+toyo+algorithm&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiOuJ28
22O-HSLLsVclUoUdy-t0G0gC4UdavHLa56ZEn-aushZnsUIVueF-
K7dQVFMFAbv0v_wTpez_KqevLYET_4quUfUg8T98hs4tE6cUmxgWrtd
-
ShKtfFqEaPEuzXI5JlxR&sig=AHIEtbSpQPCRQVfLGFHAzL6RYOUDtJWB
dw)
http://www.lynnbecker.com/repeat/balmonds/cecil_b
almond_and_the_bonfire_of_the_vanities.htm
http://www.lynnbecker.com/repeat/balmonds/cecil_b
almond_and_the_bonfire_of_the_vanities.htm
Parametric is the method for architects to explore more ideas and seek new direction
fo desig s. Pa a et i is a set of e uatio s that e p ess a set of ua tities as e pli it fu tio s of a u e of i depe de t a ia les, k o as pa a ete s (Wesisstein
2003, 2150).
Parametric modelling can be done in a deferral strategy. After we have created the
basic form of a model, we are able to modify and change the design later. This
modelling feature allows architects to generate as many outcomes as possible and
hoose the ost ia le o e to e the fi al desig . Pa a et i ethods a e e useful for subjecting uncertain situations to the rigors of a pre-defined and proven
mathematical model. They can usefully embody a great deal of prior experience and
a e less iased tha hu a thought p o esses alo e. (http://www.galorath.com/index.php/company/books/what-is-parametric-modeling/)
PARAMETRIC MODELLING
A hite ts of Bi d s est generated numbers of
outcomes with different
columns arrangement. They
eventually found out and
used the one which fits its
physics condition the most.
As a parametric design, the
architects can modify or
change the algorithm of the
Bi d s est to eate a e form structure for other use.
The new form structure
though is different from the
official one, they all come
from the same idea and
concept. The new form
st u tu e of the Bi d s est can be transposed into
furniture or shoes. Here we
can see the power of
parametric modelling.
http://www.innovapedia.org/home/innova-arts/birds-nest-beijings-striking-olympic-stadium/
Precedent The Bird’s Nest in Beijing
The Bi d s est is eated pa a et i odelli g. “i ila to “e pe ti e pa ilio , the st u tu e of the Bi d s est is
constructed with rotated columns. These columns are rotated
with its complex grid to form a unique space. The angle of the
olu s sla t of the Bi d s est depe ds o the ph si s of the building in terms of loads and force.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/isar/3377772838/
The voussoir Cloud is also a parametric design. The geometry of
the structure is panelled with triangles. Some of the triangles are
open for sunlight. This parametric model creates a special space
for people to relax under interesting light effect. The position of
the triangles is set after a series of calculation. Architects have
chosen the most efficient design through parametric method.
The size and position of the triangles are related to its built
environments.
Precedent The voussoir Cloud
http://ffffound.com/home/quilime/found/?offset=50&
http://www.alanslu.com/#Voussoir-Cloud-IwamotoScott
Parametric modelling is very useful process for the gateway project. We can generate a
large number of outcomes and use the most interesting one as final design. This requires a
lot of time to discuss with group mates to decide which one is best fit to the goal.
Parametric deign cannot be copied easily by other designers because parametric model
e ui e e pli it al ulatio to o k out the detail. E e afte a odel is eated, othe desig e s a t easil odif the desig e ause the do t possess the k o ledge a out ho it as eated a d the o igi al desig i te t. Pa a et i Te h olog Co po atio , 2008) Therefore, we can take this advantage of parametric model; we might take a look of
master works and learn what they have done and how they achieved the result.
http://www.siat.sfu.ca/news/features/details/343
• When the surface is built by a few circles, its shape
is not clearly seen.
•The shape becomes more obvious when more
circles are added.
•The surface becomes more concrete when the
density of circles is high.
•Grasshopper is able to control the number of grids
very easily using its slider command.
Algorithm exploration