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Certified ScrumMaster
www.agilecrossing.com
1
Certified ScrumMaster Course Instructor – Roger Brown CST, CSC
Training Transition
Transformation
All slides © 2011 - 2014 Roger W. Brown 2
Course Objectives
You will learn about
The Scrum framework
Common Scrum practices
ScrumMaster responsibilities and skills
And you will be eligible to take the ScrumMaster Certification Exam
3
Scrum Certification Options
Theory Practice Guide
Scrum Alliance is the largest,
most established, influential
professional membership organization in the Agile
world. As part of a growing
community of more than
350,000 members worldwide,
our members are helping us achieve our mission of
"Transforming the World of Work."
www.ScrumAlliance.org
4
CSM Class Backlog
Class Vision Scrum
Foundations Scrum
Execution
Flow and Focus
Scrum Planning
User Stories
Prioritization Estimation
Long Term Planning
ScrumMaster Duties
Team Dynamics
Scaling Scrum Up and Out
Close
Technical Practices
Scrum Enhancers
Scrum Framework
ScrumMaster Tools
Agility
Class Project
Must
Should
Could
5
Agility
• Scrum implements the Lean principle of
continuous improvement
• Scrum success relies on “Empirical
Process” for a continuous learning cycle
we call “Inspect and Adapt”
6
Continuous Improvement
Plan
Do Check
Act
Deming Cycle
Empirical Process Transparency,
Inspect and
Adapt
Certified ScrumMaster
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7
Agile Software Development
Dedicated Team Incremental Iterative Frequent Delivery Fully Visible Production Quality Value Driven
8
notes
8
9
Scrum Framework
• Scrum has 4 meetings and 3 artifacts
• Scrum has 3 roles that share the
responsibility of creating value in small
increments
• The roles complement each other to
create a balanced team
10
Scrum Framework
Potentially Shippable Product
Increment
Sprint Backlog
Product Backlog
Release
Planning
Sprint
Planning
Sprint
Review Sprint
Retrospective
Daily
Scrum
1-4
weeks
Story Time
11
The Scrum Team
Desired Features
Product Owner
Development Team
Product
ScrumMaster
12
Product Owner
Maximizes the value of the work done
o Sets Vision o Manages Product Backlog o Elaborates Features o Reviews Work o Reports Release Progress
Certified ScrumMaster
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13
Development Team Member
o 7 ± 2 o Cross functional o Full-time o Self-organizing o Empowered
Develops the product with high quality
14
ScrumMaster
o Facilitator o Protector o Coach o Mentor o Gopher o Change Agent
Helps the team improve flow
and throughput
15
notes
15 16
Scrum Foundations
• Agile implements Lean principles and
dynamics.
• Scrum is one form of Agile, designed
initially for software development but
applicable to other kinds of work.
• Scrum is not the answer to everything.
• Scrum is based on a set of core values.
17
Product Development Value Stream
Product Discovery
Product Definition
Product Development
Product Delivery
Product Operation
Support
Scrum/XP
Lean Startup
Lean UX
DevOps Kanban
Scrum is one of several complementary frameworks used to increase organizational agility
Business success comes from maximizing value/time.
18
Manifesto for Agile Software Development 2001
We are uncovering better ways of developing
software by doing it and helping others do it.
Through this work we have come to value:
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on
the right, we value the items on the left more.
www.agilemanifesto.org
Agile Manifesto
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19
Scrum’s Values
All work performed in Scrum needs a firm basis of values to serve as a foundation for the team's
process and principles. Through the use of teamwork and continuous improvement, Scrum both creates these values and relies on them.
Focus. Because we focus on only a few things at a time, we work well together and produce
excellent work. We deliver valuable items sooner.
Courage. Because we are not alone, we feel supported and have more resources at our
disposal. This gives us the courage to undertake greater challenges.
Openness. As we work together, we practice expressing how we're doing, and what's in our way. We learn that it is good to express concerns, so that they can be addressed.
Commitment. Because we have great control over our own destiny, we become more
committed to success.
Respect. As we work together, sharing successes and failures, we come to respect each other,
and to help each other become worthy of respect.
If an organization will let Scrum do its work, they will discover the benefits from Scrum and will begin
to understand why these values are both needed by Scrum, and engendered by Scrum.
www.agileatlas.org/atlas/scrum
20
notes
20
21
Scrum Execution
• Scrum organizes work into 1-4 week time
boxes called Sprints
• Each Sprint has 4 primary meetings
• The bulk of the time is spent creating
value in the form of a product
22
Sprint Time Box
S1
1-4 weeks
Steady cadence, fixed length Abnormal Termination If the Sprint Goal cannot or should not be reached for
unexpected reasons, stop and plan a new Sprint
Focus No one can change the Sprint plan except the Scrum Team to add or
remove a PBI
S2 S3 S4
23
Sprint Planning Meeting
Product Backlog
Sprint Backlog
Pri
ori
ty
Goal 1: What?
• Which PBIs can we commit to? • What is our Sprint Goal? Ex. Build the shopping cart
Goal 2: How?
• Design implementation • What tasks can we identify for each story? • How long do we think each will take?
Attended by • Product Owner, Development Team, ScrumMaster • Other interested stakeholders
Time-box is 4 hours for a 2
week Sprint
24
Tracking Sprint Progress
User Story Task Work Remaining (hours)
Item Task T F M T W T F M T W T
Create Account
As a new user, I
can create an
account so that the system will
remember my
personal
information
Create home page with “create
account” link 8 8 4 2 0
Set up integration server 6 4 0
Create sign-up form 3 1 0
Create user table 2 2 0
Create user class with “create”
method to populate user table 4 4 6 1 0
Test user flow 1 1 1 1 1 0
Test failure cases 6 6 6 6 6 3 0
Search Site
As a registered
user I can search
the site by keyword to find
useful references
Add search widget to page header 2 0
Create search class 2 2 0
Create results page 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Test “Not found” case 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Admin
As an admin, I can
add a user to the
system so that we can create test
accounts
Add link to admin page 1 1 1 1 1 0
Add user list report to admin page 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 2 0
Add paging to user list 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Test paging edge cases 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Work Remaining > 41 43 34 25 22 17 12 10 7 2 0
Sprint Burndown Chart
is sum of estimated work remaining
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
T F M T W T F M T W T
Wo
rk R
em
ain
ing
Initial Sprint Plan Daily Updates
Big visible charts are
called “Information Radiators”
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Daily Scrum
15 Min
The Three Questions What did you do yesterday? What do you plan to do today? Is anything blocking you?
26
Sprint Review
• Purpose • Demonstrate the completed stories
• Get feedback from the Stakeholders
• Review progress and adjust future
• Identify new/changed features
• Attendees • Product Owner, Development Team, ScrumMaster
• Any other stakeholders
Preparation • Who will show what? • Deploy to a preview server • Any documentation needed? • Update and show release burnup chart
2 Hours
Show actual running
code!
27
Sprint Retrospective
• Scrum Team meets privately
• Goal is process improvement
• Format
• Gather Data
Reflect on what worked well, what didn’t
• Generate Insights
Discuss results and new ideas
• Decide Action Items
Consider adopting new practices
Stop doing things that are not working
1.5 Hours
Start Stop Continue
Keep it interesting • Appreciations • Food • Variety
28
notes
28
29
Scrum Planning
• Scrum planning is continuous
• Scrum planning happens at 5 levels, each
with a different time horizon
• The Product Backlog is the primary
source of work to be completed and
value to be delivered
30
Value Driven
Estimates
Features
Schedule Cost
Plan
Driven
The Plan creates
cost/schedule estimates
Waterfall
The Vision creates
feature estimates
Schedule Cost
Features
Value / Vision
Driven
Agile
Source: Sliger and Broderick “The Software Manager’s Bridge to Agility”
Constraints
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5 Levels of Planning
Strategy
Portfolio
Vision
Roadmap
Release
Sprint
Day
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Product Backlog
Release 1 Release 2 Release 3
s1 s2 s3 s4 … sN
Scru
m P
lan
nin
g
32
Product Vision
• The Big Picture of how the product creates value
• Aligns team and business to the same goal
What is the name? Who is the target customer? What are the key benefits? What are the differentiating features?
33
Product Backlog
• Dynamic set of items to be done
• Prioritized
• Constantly in flux as the situation changes
Story
Story
Story
Spike
Story
Refactor
Story
Defect
Process Change
items are removed
priorities change
items are added
34
Elevator Statement Vision
For (target customer)
Who (statement of the need or opportunity)
The (product or project name) is a (category)
That (statement of key benefit – that is, compelling
reason to proceed)
Unlike (primary competitive alternative)
Our Product (statement of primary differentiation)
Example
For college students on a budget
Who want to get a degree without leaving home
The Online University of America
Is a complete college accessible via the internet
That provides courses, degrees and community
Unlike other physical colleges
Our product offers degree programs to people who might otherwise
not be able to afford or attend college due to the cost of moving and
living at a campus
35
notes
35 36
User Stories
• User Stories are simple descriptions of
desired functionality
• User Stories have two attributes that are
helpful for planning: size and priority
• Stories are elaborated just-in-time for
implementation
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User Story Template
As a <user role>, I can <do something> so that <I get some value>.
Card – Conversation - Confirmation
38
Sample User Stories
As a student, I can get a degree on-line so that I do not have to move near a college campus
As an online student, I can print a copy of my last report card to show an
As a degree candidate, I can see which courses I still need to satisfy my major so I can plan my next term
As a professor, I can get student test summary reports so that I can assess my teaching effectiveness
39
Backlog Hierarchy
Epic User Story Task Task Task Task
User Story Task Task Task Task
User Story Task Task Task Task
Product Backlog
Sprint Backlog
Business Goal
Planning Implementation
40
Where are the details?
(front)
Story 6: Course Catalog Demo As a prospective student, I can browse the course catalog to see if the classes I am interested in are available.
(back)
Story 1 Acceptance Criteria [ ] Has full catalog browse and search controls [ ] Show available dates in summary list [ ] Item click leads to class detail page [ ] Show class star ratings only, no comments [ ] Replace “Register for Course” button with “Join Now!” that links to sign-up page
Automated Tests
Speclet • formula • UI design • screen flow • business rules
41
notes
41 42
Prioritization
• Priorities help the Scrum Team decide
what to do next
• Priorities help with long term planning
• Prioritization can be done in many ways,
based on many criteria
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Prioritization - MoSCoW
o Business value
o New knowledge
o Risk/Complexity
o Desirability
44
Story Map
Epic
I can browse by
department
I can search by subject
I can register
I can read content
I can browse by
title
I can unregister
I can browse by professor
I can join a waitlist
I can take tests
I can search by date offered
I can search by major
I can take classes on-line
Browse Search Register Attend Reports
I can do homework
I can print my
transcript
I can see my grade for a class
I can browse by popularity
Theme
Must
Should
Could
Pri
ori
ty
Smaller stories give more options for prioritizing for max value
I can print my
schedule
I can print my report
card
I can chat with
classmates
45
notes
45 46
Estimation
• Agile estimation is done at both the high
level and the low level
• Estimates are used for planning and for
tracking progress
• Estimates are done quickly, by the
Development Team
• Estimates are not commitments
47
Why Estimate?
Story Points • High Level
• Compare one story to another
• Forecast Releases and Sprints
Task Hours • Low Level
• 1-8 hours for a Story element
• Refine Sprint plan
• Track Sprint progress
1 2 3 5 8 13
48
Estimation Basics
Quick
Story 1: Home Page As a prospective student, I can view the college services so that I can decide if I want to apply.
2 Story 17: Major Progress
As a degree candidate, I can see which courses I still need to satisfy my major so I can plan my next term
5
Quick
Relative
Guess
Done by Team
More than 2x effort required
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Affinity Estimating
Groups of 2-3 people choose some stories
Put in column with similar sized stories
Team members
can move stories
Visual grouping for quick comparisons
1 2 3 5 8 13 20
Start with numbers
or arrange by size
first
50
Velocity
5
12
27
32
36 38
40 37 38
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sto
ry P
oin
ts C
om
ple
ted
Sprint
Team Velocity
How many story points can the Team complete in a Sprint?
Varies by circumstance, increases with
experience
Aggregates Team dynamics and organizational
factors
Is measured, not “managed”
Velocity is sum of estimates of
stories completed
Measurement is more reliable
than estimation
51
notes
51 52
ScrumMaster Duties
• The ScrumMaster is responsible for the
health and growth of the Scrum Team
• The ScrumMaster is a productivity
multiplier for the team and has
responsibilities across multiple
dimensions
53
Scrum Mentor
• Mentor your Team and Product Owner
• Scrum glossary http://www.innolution.com/resources/glossary
• Teach others in Scrum
• Forums • http://groups.google.com/group/scrumalliance
• http://groups.yahoo.com/group/scrumdevelopment/
• Certified ScrumMasters group on LinkedIn
• Self-study
• Local Scrum Groups
• Scrum Gatherings
54
Facilitator
• Keep meetings productive and short
• Mediator/Negotiator
• Gopher
• Proactive management of impediments
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Coach
• Lead people to their own solutions
• Aware of the bigger picture
• Able to mentor individuals
• Knows when • to be prescriptive • to nudge • to keep distance
It’s better to be paying attention than to have all
the answers - Ward Cunningham
56
Servant Leader
• Lead vs. Manage
• Lead to make others better
• Increase teamwork and personal involvement
• Lead by example
See Robert K. Greenleaf
57
Change Agent
Patience is advised. “A dead ScrumMaster is no help to anyone.”
- Ken Schwaber
Satir Change Model 58
Day in the Life of a ScrumMaster
Manage impediments Facilitate meetings Mediate and negotiate Teach Scrum Manage the process Assist the Product Owner
Observe and coach Team Encourage excellence Protect Team from distractions Build relationships Promote Organizational Agility Administer
ScrumMaster 7 Team Members Productivity
59
notes
59 60
Class Project
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61
notes
61 62
Team Dynamics
• Teams go through stages
• Teams are self-organizing
• Scrum uses motivators that are more
effective than traditional financial
motivators
63
Tuckman's Team Development Model
Storming Leader mediates
and focuses
Forming Team is dependent
on the leader
Norming
Leader facilitates
Performing Leader delegates
and oversees
• Teams go through four stages
• Teams can regress when
membership changes
• A mature team may need no
leadership
Time
Effe
ctiv
en
ess
The leader’s goal is to make the team
self-reliant and then move on
64
Motivation
• Financial rewards often give poor results • Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation • People are motivated by
• autonomy • mastery • purpose
See Dan Pink, TED.com and Drive
65
Team Charter
Help your Team get started
Team Name Skills Agreements Values Development Practices Definition of Done
66
notes
66
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67
Long Term Planning
• Scrum-built products may have
Roadmaps and Release Plans
• Team velocity is a measure used in long
term planning
68
The Elements of Agile Planning
Product Backlog What capabilities are needed for financial success?
Priorities Which items are most valuable?
s1 s2 s3 s4 … sN
Velocity How much can the team complete in a Sprint?
Estimates How much effort is required for each item?
Release Plan How long will it take or how many can we do by a given date?
69
Product Roadmap
First sub-setting of Product Backlog for a long product development time frame
• How many releases?
• When?
• What is included in each?
T
ime
Continuing Education for Professionals
Undergraduate Degrees
Graduate Degrees
The roadmap will be reviewed and updated as things
change
Product Backlog
Releases
70
Release Planning Meeting
Align Vision
Identify User Roles
Identify features/Epics
Brainstorm User Stories
List Priority Criteria
Prioritize Stories
Estimate Stories
Check Priorities
Forecast Team Velocity
Forecast Release 1-2 days
71
Release Plan
s1
s2
s3
…
sN
Product Backlog
Release as often as possible
Newsworthy Release Event
Tim
e
Release Backlog
Must
Should
Could
Won’t in this
Release
Sprints
Release Plan 1. How long will it
take or 2. how many can we
do by a given date?
Release Forecast:
1. How Long? Number of Sprints = Total Backlog/Average Velocity 2. How Much? Percent of Backlog = Total Backlog/(Average Velocity * Number of Sprints) 72
Feature-Based Release Strategy
Release Backlog
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Release 1: Continuing Education
Release 2: Undergraduate Degrees
Release 3: Graduate Degrees
When will it be done?
How much is done so far?
Forecasting improves as
velocity becomes known
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Time-Based Release Strategies
Release Backlog
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q1 Release
Q2 Release
Q3 Release
How much will we complete?
How much is done so far?
Progress is reported in units of actual product ready for
delivery
74
notes
74
75
Flow and Focus
• Scrum works best when the Team
achieves a smooth flow of work
• Scrum dynamics are based on the
mathematics of queuing theory that we
use to manage the Internet
76
Pull Systems
Push systems overwhelm capacity, creating turbulence, rework, waste and delay
Pull systems have a steady flow that provides predictability
Push
♫
77
Small Batches
Small batches move through
a system quicker
Single-piece-flow reduces the wait time
and moves risk to the
margin
Minimize work in progress
78
notes
78
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Scrum Enhancers
• A well-managed Product Backlog keeps
the Development Team running
smoothly
• A 1-sprint look-ahead on stories will help
the flow
• Defining Ready and Done will
dramatically reduce time waste
80
Backlog Grooming
Product Owner spends 30% of their time working on the Product Backlog
• Identify new stories
• Splitting epics and stories
• Updating Release Plan with current velocity data
• Adjusting priorities
• Preparing next stories
• Designing user experience
81
Story Time
Development Team spends 5-10% of Sprint with the Product Owner preparing for the next Sprint
• Reviewing candidate stories
• Getting details and acceptance criteria
• Some technical design
• Estimate new stories
• Considering new ideas
Often a regular meeting 1 hour/week
or 2-3 hours mid-sprint
82
Definition of Ready
PO negotiate with the Development Team - What they need for each story - When they need it
Sample Right size Screen sketches Acceptance criteria Dependent stories? Speclets
83
Definition of Done
• When estimating size, consider all the work needed to complete the story
• The Definition of Done may evolve over time
Unit tested to 90% coverage Code reviewed Acceptance tests pass UI Tested User Help updated Deployment scripts updated
Sample
May also have one
for sprints and
releases
84
Sprint Flow
Sprint N Sprint N+1
Candidate Stories for N+1 (1.5 x velocity)
Definition of Ready
Screen Designs for N+1 (LoFi)
Continuous Product Backlog Grooming
Story Time Sprint Planning
Definition of Done
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85
notes
85 86
ScrumMaster Tools
• Some tips on managing impediments
• Listening skills are key to success
• Knowing how to ask powerful questions
will help you coach the Team
• Modeling desired behavior and use of
language can have a strong influence on
your Team
• Pointers to more tools
87
Managing Impediments
• Technical
• Process
• Interpersonal
• Structural
• Cultural
ha
rde
r
Categories
Approaches
88
Listening
Level I – Internal Listening
How can I make this about me?
Level II – Focused Listening
Connected to what they are saying
Level III – Global Listening Also hearing tone, posture,
surrounding environment
Source: Co-Active Coaching, Whitworth, et al.
89
Powerful Questions
• Open-ended
• Value neutral
• Lead to discovery
• Reveal underlying assumptions
When in doubt, Ask the Team!
90
“Art of the Possible”
The Power of Positive Language
Yes, and …
creativeemergence.typepad.com
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91
More ScrumMaster Tools
Facilitation • Fist of Five • Roman Voting • Dot Voting • Brainstorming • Five Why’s • Games: www.tastycupcakes.org
Coaching • Appreciative Inquiry • Learning Organization • Systems Thinking • International Coaching
Federation Programs • www.agilecoachpath.org • www.icagile.com
Models • Personality Models
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
• DISC • Kolbe • Herrmann Brain
Dominance Instrument • Engagement Models
• X-Model of Employee Engagement
• Complexity • Influence Diagrams • Cynefin • Spiral Dynamics
92
notes
92
93
Scaling Scrum Up and Out
• Scrum can scale to many Teams
• Distributed Scrum is constrained by the
laws of physics but there are patterns
that can help
94
Scaling Scrum Up
Multi-Team Product • Team is the scaling unit
• Divide work across multiple small teams
• by feature
• by component
• Organize with Chief Product Owner Team and Scrum of Scrums
SoS
tactical
Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4
CPO strategic
95
Distributing Scrum Out
• How well does it work? Scrum is the best way to manage distributed Teams. Distributed Teams are not the best way to do Scrum.
• But distributed teams are a common reality so
• Prefer whole teams at each location
• Start project co-located
• Have ambassadors who travel
• Have buddies across locations
• Expect more documentation
• Don’t let anyone go dark
• Use video, IM, artifact sharing tools
96
notes
96
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97
Technical Practices
• Agile technical practices enhance Team
success
• Agile Testing Basics
98
Agile Development Practices
• Co-location
• Pair Programming
• Refactoring
• Automated Acceptance
Testing
• Test-Driven Development
• Continuous Integration
• Exploratory Spikes
• Legacy System
Strategies
• Evolutionary Design
• Agile Architecture
99
The Testing Pyramid
Manual Tests through UI
Automation Suites
Unit Tests
Automated UI Tests
Automated Acceptance
Tests
Unit Tests
Exploratory
testing
Traditional (find defects)
Agile (prevent defects)
100
Single Piece Flow
Do This
Don’t Do This
101
notes
101 102
Closing
• You are ready for the exam
• Open questions will be answered in
follow-up email
• Feedback
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103
Closing
o Parking Lot
o Class Evaluation
o Class Picture
o Exam Reminder
o Follow-up Support
104
Instructor
Roger Brown
• Agile Coach
• Scrum Alliance
• Contact Web: www.agilecrossing.com
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @rwbrown
Blog: www.agileCoachJournal.com
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/rogerwbrown
V 5.5
105
notes
105
Certified ScrumMaster Course Instructor – Roger Brown CST, CSC
Training Transition
Transformation
All slides © 2011 - 2014 Roger W. Brown