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CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Page 1: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

CERN AWAKE Project Status

Edda Gschwendtnerfor the CERN AWAKE Project Team

Page 2: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

2

Outline

• Introduction• Project organization• AWAKE at CNGS• AWAKE at West Area• SPS beam bunch compression• Other issues• Summary

E. Gschwendtner

Page 3: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

Introduction

AWAKE: A Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment

High Gradient Acceleration: needs high peak power and structures that can sustain high fields

– LHC: 5 MV/m– ILC: 35 MV/m– CLIC: 100 MV/m– beam/laser-driven plasma: ~10 GV/m

• Example: SLAC (2007) 50GV/m over 0.8m with electron-driven PWA some electrons doubled energy from 42GeV to 80GeV

Advantage of proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration:– high stored energy available in the driver many kJ of stored energy Reduces drastically the number of required driver stages.

Proof-of principle demonstration experiment proposed at SPS– first beam-driven wakefield acceleration experiment in Europe– the first Proton-Driven PWA experiment worldwide.

E. Gschwendtner 3

Page 4: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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IntroductionJune 2012: Official CERN AWAKE project:

project-budgetmandate sent by S. Myers to CERN departments

Identify the best site for the installation of the facility on the SPS (West Area, CNGS)

Carry out a study covering the design of the proton beam-line, the experimental area and all interfaces and services at CERN.

produce parts of CDR under CERN responsibilityCDR includes detailed budget, CERN manpower and schedule plans for

design, construction, installation and commissioning.

Deliverables: Q1 2013: Conceptual Design Report to the A&T sector Management

and the SPSCE. Gschwendtner

Page 5: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Introduction

E. Gschwendtner

Driving force: Space charge of drive beam displaces plasma electrons.Restoring force: Plasma ions exert restoring force.

++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++

----- --- -------------------

-----------

--------- ------- -

------------------- - --

---- - -- ---

------ -- -- ---- - - - - - --

---- - -- - - - --- -

-

- -- - - - - -

---- - ----

-----

+ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +-

- --

--- --

Ez

Proton beam

plasma wavelength lp =1mm, (for typical plasma density of np = 1015cm-3 )

Maximal axial electric field: Ez,max = Nprotons/bunch

sz (rms bunch length) also drive beam sz of 1mm

But: SPS beam: rms length of sz~12cm Would need bunch-compression or Modulate long SPS bunch to produce a series of ‘micro-bunches’ in a plasma with a

spacing of plasma wavelength lp. Strong self-modulation effect of proton beam due to transverse wakefield in plasma Starts from any perturbation and grows exponentially until fully modulated

Page 6: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration

E. Gschwendtner

Proton beam: drive beam (12cm)modulated in micro-bunches (1mm) after ~several metersdrives the axial electric field

Laser pulse: ionization of plasma and seeding of bunch-modulation

Electron beam: accelerated beaminjected off-axis some meters downstream along the plasma-cell, merges with the proton bunch once the modulation is developed.

Particle-in-cell simulations predict acceleration of injected electrons to beyond 1 GeV.

laser pulseproton bunch

gasPlasmaElectron bunchPlasma cell (10m)

Produce an accelerator with mm (or less) scale ‘cavities’

Page 7: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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AWAKE Experimental ProgramGoal:• Proof-of-principle demonstration experiment• Long-term: design a new set of experiments leading to real collider application

To get there:• study bunch-modulation of the proton beam ( axial electric field)• Measure parameters of the accelerated electron bunch• Comparison of data/simulations

– Use variety of diagnostics (transition radiation, spectrometer,…) to understand process– Vary number of parameters (plasma density, electron injection point, beam intensity, bunch-

length, emittance,… ) to learn dependence on parameters– Use compressed proton bunch to understand scaling with proton bunch length higher

gradients expected.

• In parallel: continue studying producing short, high-energy proton bunches.

Time-scale proposed by collaboration: • End 2014: Demonstrate 0.1% uniformity and complete operational 10m plasma cell(s) ready for beam in 2015

E. Gschwendtner

Page 8: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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AWAKE Collaboration

25 institutes: Germany, UK, Portugal, USA, France, India, China, Norway, USA

• Spokesperson: Allen Caldwell, MPI• Deputy spokesperson: Matthew Wing, UCL

• Experimental coordinator: Patric Muggli, MPI

• Simulations coordinator: Konstantin Lotov, Budker INP

• Accelerator coordinator: Edda Gschwendtner, CERNCERN AWAKE Project Leader See next slide

E. Gschwendtner

Page 9: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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CERN AWAKE Project Structure

Radiation Protection: Helmut VinckeCivil Engineering: John OsborneGeneral Safety and Environment: Andre Jorge HenriquesGeneral Services: CV, EL, access, storage, handling

WP3: Primary beam-linesChiara Bracco

CERN AWAKE ProjectProject leader: Edda Gschwendtner

Deputy: Chiara Bracco

WP4: Experimental AreaEdda Gschwendtner

WP2: SPS beamElena Shaposhnikova

WP1: Project ManagementEdda Gschwendtner

E. Gschwendtner

A& T sector management:Engineering, Beams, Technology Departments

Injectors and Experimental Facilities Committee (IEFC)

Page 10: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Beam Specifications

E. Gschwendtner

Proton Beam Nominal

Beam Energy 450 GeV

Bunch intensity 3×1011 p

Number of bunches 1

Repetition rate 0.03 Hz

Transverse norm. emittance 3.3-3.5 mm

Transverse beam size (at b*=5m) 0.2 mm

Angle accuracy <0.05 mrad

Pointing accuracy <0.5 mm

Energy spread 0.34% (rms)

Bunch length 12 cm

Energy in bunch 21 kJ

Run-scenario Nominal

Number of run-periods/year 4

Length of run-period 2 weeks

Total number of beam shots/year (100% efficiency)

162000

Total number of protons/year 4.86×1016 p

Relaxed proton beam requirements for the first years of run However, long-term goal is to get shorter longitudinal beams (Bunch-compression, Continue MDs!)

R & D facility: frequent access to plasma cell, laser, etc… needed.

Electron Beam Value

Beam Energy 5 or 10 or 20 MeV

Bunch intensity 108-9 electrons

Bunch length 0.165mm<l<1mm

Laser: 30fs, 800nm, ~TW

Page 11: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Experimental Layout

E. Gschwendtner

Plasma-cellProton beam dump

RF gun

Laser

Laser dump

OTRStreak camera

CTREO diagnostic

e- spectrometer

e-

SPSprotons

~3m

10m 15m20m >10m

10m

Page 12: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

12E. Gschwendtner

West Area

CNGS

SPS

Page 13: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Facility Site I: CNGS

E. Gschwendtner

Page 14: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

CNGS

CNGS is a running facility since 2006 at the desired beam parameters.+ Underground facility!

Proton beam and secondary beam-line fully equipped and running All services (CV, EL, access, …) in place and used

CNGS Parameters

Proton beam energy from SPS 400 GeV/c

Cycle repetition rate 0.17 Hz

Number of extractions/cycle 2

Protons per cycle 2x2.4E13

Proton pulse length 10.5 ms

Beam power (max.) 510 kW

Beam size at target ( )s 0.5mm

Protons/year 4.5E19

To compare with AWAKE:

0.03 Hz cycle repetition rate3E11 protons per cycle4.9E16 protons/year

~Factor 100 less protons/extraction ~Factor 1000 less protons/year

E. Gschwendtner 14

Page 15: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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CNGS – AWAKE Facility

E. Gschwendtner

Target Horn

TSG41

Storage gallery

(120 m)

Proton beam line TT41 Junction chamber Target chamber

Access Gallery

Service gallery

AWAKE experimental facility at CNGS upstream the CNGS target: Keep flexibility in case CNGS would restart

Main part of the beam is dumped in hadron stop

Page 16: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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CNGS Target Area (Target and Horns)

Separate CNGS target area from upstream area Add shielding wall Keeping strict access conditions for CNGS target area

Allows to cool-down target/horns for any further handling Keep ventilation system to avoid corrosion, etc… in order to have easy

handling for later dismantling (preventing 2nd WANF experience)

E. Gschwendtner

Target Horn

TSG41

(120 m)

Proton beam line TT41 Junction chamber Target chamber

Access Gallery

Helmut Vincke

Page 17: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

CNGS – Proton Beam Line• Existing SPS extraction, no changes needed• Magnets exist• Beam instrumentation exists (some modifications/cabling)

• Minor changes at the end of the proton-line for:– New final focusing– Interface between Laser and proton beam

• Aperture ok, no conflict with integration.

Present Layout

New Layout

1 QTG removed

2 QTLD

X

1 QTLD + 1 QTS

3 QTLF

X1 QTS removed

E. Gschwendtner 17

Chiara Bracco

Page 18: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

E. Gschwendtner 18

Laser for seeding TI:sapphire

Plasma Cell

RF gun+

space for handling

Power supply laser

RF Gun cooling

Junction laser system and proton

OTR screen

Primary pump laser

Optic table

Klystron

Power supply

Laserdiagnostic

SAS

LaserRF Gun

Shielding wall

DIPOLE

SAS

El. Spect. magnet

Optic table

camera

CNGS – AWAKE Facility

Ans PardonsDamien BrethouxVincent Clerc

Page 19: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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CNGS – Infrastructure

• Access, fire, safety system– Exists, modifications needed– Existing access could be moved down the tunnel to create ‘control room area’ in access gallery. Modification of access system: ~50kCHF

• Electricity– Infrastructure exists– Changes and/or extensions of the low voltage layout to be considered to adapt the sockets layout ~250kCHF

• Cooling and Ventilation– Infrastructure exists, modifications needed:

• E.g.: overpressure and temperature controlled service gallery

• Survey– 1-2 months, ~60kCHF

E. Gschwendtner

With today’s beam-line and experimental area design (+needs from equipment)

studies on services infrastructure are ongoing estimates expected by end Dec 2012!

Rui Nunes, Silvia GrauDavide BozziniMichele Battistin, Dominique Missiaen

Page 20: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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CNGS – RP Considerations• Control room in CNGS access gallery possible, but needs

– Dose rate due to prompt radiation low enough– Fresh air, no radioactive air from experiment– Appropriate access system– Assess beam loss in upstream part of TT41.

• Beam is dumped on hadron stop No issue with prompt dose from muons

• Installation of shielding wall between AWAKE experimental area and CNGS target area reduces dose rate inside the AWAKE area.– Assume that dose rate in AWAKE experimental area comes from CNGS target station and to lower level

from surrounding activated wall.– First estimate for required wall thickness: 80cm of concrete

• Civil engineering (drilling holes) – Activation level to be analyzed and precautions defined.

• Collimator upstream the CNGS target must be remotely removed.

• Tritium issue:– Evaporator to be installed independently of AWAKE facility, so OK.

E. Gschwendtner

Helmut Vincke

Page 21: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Facility Site II: West Area

E. Gschwendtner

TT61

TT4TT5

Beam from TCC6 - SPS

AWAKE

183

Proposed in LOI, 2011

West Area today:Proton beam line TT61: ~emptyTT4 and TT5: storage area for (radioactive) magnets Needed during LS1

Until 2004: West Area used as experimental beam facility.

Page 22: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

Muon dose at CERN fence (10 uSv/year) and outside buildings (100 uSv/year) • feasible with dump design proposed by RP• Losses at beam line must be kept at a bare minimum (maximum of ~1012 protons per year +

additional shielding required)

Dose inside Bldg. 183/TT5/TT4• Bldg 183: many work shops and offices relocate them or reclassify areas + additional shielding • Access to n-TOF: either access restriction or several meters of shielding beside beam line

Air activation• Beam line + dump area needs to be confined from accessible areas• Dedicated ventilation system required

West Area – RP issues

CERN fence

West hall

10 mSv/year

uSv/h

Contour line1E-3 uSv/h < 10 uSv/year

450 GeV @ 2˚ tilted beam dump (impact at –2 m)

AWAKEdump

600 m

E. Gschwendtner 22

Helmut Vincke

Page 23: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

West Area – Consequences

E. Gschwendtner 23

1. For a surface installation of dump: bend beam by about 10°

or

2. Dump impact at ~2 m underground: tilt beam by 2°.

• Build a beam-trench in TT4/TT5 civil engineering• 300 GeV beam to fit into TT61 and TT4/TT5

+3. To cope with beam losses: shielding at surface to forward and lateral direction.

Page 24: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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West Area - Civil Engineering Aspects

E. Gschwendtner

Trench work concentrated on TT4/TT5

3.5m x 3.5m trench, 100m long~1.1MCHF, ~10months

66 kV power line

18kV

BUT: Technical gallery between TT4 and TT5! • 18kV & 66kV power lines: backbone of the CERN grid• Installation until end 2012

Dig trench in TT5 and B183

TT4

TT5

John Osborne, Antoine Kosmicki

Page 25: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

West Area – Proton Beam Line

• Magnets needed:– 8 MBS– 17 vertical bending magnets– 2 horizontal bending magnets– 25 Quads (18 in TT61 + 7 final focusing)

• Power Converters needed: – ~ 10 units

• Beam instrumentation needed:– ~15 BPMs– ~10 BTVs

TT60 from SPS

TI 2 to LHC

HiRadMat facility

TT61 tunnel to west hall

HiRadMat primary beam line (TT66)

Modification of TT66

8 new switching magnets

Time estimate:– New magnets and PC design: 3 years– Re-use existing equipment (inventory needed)

cabling anyhow needed start only after LS1

E. Gschwendtner 25

Chiara Bracco

Page 26: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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West Area – Proton Beam Line

E. Gschwendtner

dump

~2° angleDump depth: 1.4 m

TT61TT4TT5

technical gallery

+ Old Line•New Line- Tunnel

m

m

To respect all geometric and RP constraints: reduce beam energy to 300 GeV OK for experiment b = 3.7 m = 200 s mm: feasible!

Chiara Bracco

B183

Page 27: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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West Area – Experimental Area

E. Gschwendtner

Ans PardonsDamien BrethouxVincent Clerc

TT4

TT5

Laser, electron-source

Plasma-cell

Beam-dump

diagnostics

Technical galleries

Page 28: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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West Area – Infrastructure• Electricity

– New 18kV supply from substation ME59 to existing substation– Complete new low voltage distribution– Cleaning of existing cable trays to host new EL and experiment cables 750kCHF

• Cooling and Ventilation- Pumping system, cooling towers, piping connections

- need refurbishment, redoing, some of them could maybe be used- Separate ventilation systems for proton beam-line, experimental area and dump

- Access system- New access point is necessary in place of TT61 - New sector for patrolling of new injection line with 1-2 sector doors- New sector and 1-2 emergency exit doors or material doors for AWAKE area- All EIS-beam connected (cabled) to BA7 200kCHF

• Safety, Fire system to be studied• Survey

– 5 months ~140kCHF

• Dump design ongoing

E. Gschwendtner

With today’s beam-line and experimental area design (+needs from equipment)

studies on services infrastructure ongoing estimates expected by end Dec 2012!

Davide BozziniMichele BattistinRui NunesSilvia GrauDominique MissiaenVasilis VlachoudisThanasis Manousos

Page 29: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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CNGS vs West Area – Incomplete!

E. Gschwendtner

CNGS West Area

Proton beam line magnets + Exist - To be done

Beam instrumentation + Exist, some modifications needed - To be done

Prompt dose issues(muon dose)

+ OK - Consequences on shielding, West Area classification, on beam energy, and/or limited number of extractions!

Shielding issues - Target chamber must be shielded: Target, horns. Need long cool-down to remove.

- Beam losses: need forward and lateral shielding - Shielding for nTOF

Civil engineering -+ Drill holes only. - Dig trench in TT5- Technical gallery btw. TT4/TT5

Size of experimental area -+ OK, but tight + OK

Control room - Inside tunnel or ECA4 - New building needed

Access, fire, gas system + Exists, - long distance to access experimental area make ‘control room area’ in access gallery

- New access and fire/gas system

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CNGS vs West Area – Incomplete!

E. Gschwendtner

CNGS West Area

Electricity + Exists - needs some modifications

- To be done, refurbished, renewed

Cooling, ventilation + Exists- needs some modifications

- To be done refurbished, renewed- Air tightness + dedicated ventilation system of installation required.

Storage issues + can use storage gallery - TT4/TT5 is radioactive material storage area: full with stored magnets, etc… area needed in LS1. Find space for stored material!

Beam dump + OK, exists - Must be newly built - lot of shielding needed- Optimization of dump design

Vacuum system - Exist for proton beam line - To be done

Survey - New network points in experimental area. 1-2 months

- New network point along beam line and experimental area, fiducials, … 5 months

Additional Safety Measures

- Laser - Klystron- …

- Laser- Klystron- ….

Further Studies Needed!

Page 31: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Bunch Compression Studies in SPS

2 MDs: Bunch-rotation tests: 11 July 2012, 30 October 2012

E. Gschwendtner

T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, J. Esteban Muller, A. Petrenko, G. Rumolo, E. Shaposhnikova,H. Timko

Maximum axial electric field from drive beam in the plasma-cell depends on bunch-length of drive beam! Strong interest to study bunch compression

• Bunch length reduced using rotation by 30% (as compared to adiabatic voltage increase) still some room for improvement with jump to unstable phase (HW available after LS1)

• Bunch intensity varied (PSB) from 2.6E11 to 3.6E11 protons per bunch (more stable bunches with Q20).

• Round beam with emittance of ~2 um for intensity of 3E11 protons.

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Possible Collaboration of the AWAKE Collaboration with CERN

Electron source: • Eventually UK did not get the funding to build the electron source.• AWAKE Collaboration tries to find other ways

– EU synergy grant (deadline January 2013)– China, Novosibirsk (Budker-Institute)

• Use PHIN injector as electron source?– To be clarified in next weeks.

Laser:• Idea is that the laser for the electron source together with the laser for the plasma-source is

provided by the experimental groups. – Will be tested with the plasma cell at institutes.– Must be well synchronized. – Collaboration with CERN useful though for installation, interface, safety,…

Diagnostics:• Experimental groups provide diagnostics instrumentation, but CERN BE-BI very interested to

collaborateVacuum system:• Valve system is needed in the plasma-cell to let the beam pass from the beam-line into the

plasma-cell lots of know-how in TE-VSC.

E. Gschwendtner

Page 33: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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SummaryProton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration is a unique accelerator R&D experiment at CERN.

Studies for the CERN AWAKE facility are advancing well– SPS beam studies– proton beam-line design– experimental area Input for infrastructure studies and design

Collaboration of CERN with the AWAKE Collaboration for specific issues

From preliminary studies– CNGS (underground area – fewer RP issues): Beam possible in 2015, when:

• Only reusing proton beam-line and no major modifications are needed (e.g. dismantling of CNGS target, horns,…)

– West Area (surface area – RP issues): Beam not available before 2017:• New magnets, build new storage area, trench (civil engineering), new service installations,…

More detailed studies continue and will be summarized in the CDR to be delivered by March 2013!

E. Gschwendtner

Page 34: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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Additional slides

E. Gschwendtner

Page 35: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

CNGS - Laser Integration with p-Beam

Last QTL

Last MBG

Laser

Proton Beam

• Laser mirror: o 20 m upstream entrance plasma cello 12.5 m upstream of last MBG 30.7 mm offset between proton and laser beam at mirror needed clearance: 23mm OK!

• Aperture along the line: OK No conflict with integration studies!

E. Gschwendtner 35

Chiara Bracco

Page 36: CERN AWAKE Project Status Edda Gschwendtner for the CERN AWAKE Project Team

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West Area - Access System

E. Gschwendtner

Rui Nunes

TT61 Access Point

Existing/new beam

line

nTOFAccess Point

Access gallery for nTOF/TT61

Shielding/Civil Eng. Must leave path for

access to nTOF

West Area:- Need new access system of ‘primary area type’ (higher level of risk exposure and radiation

classfication)- Turnstile and material access door needed, passive beam stopper, - Interlock system shared with HiRadMat and LHC (to be modified)- De-coupled from nTOF area