Ceragon FibeAir IP-10C Product Description ETSI RevB.01

ETSI Version

Copyright © 2013 by Ceragon Networks Ltd. All rights reserved.

FibeAir® IP-10C Product Description

February 2013

Hardware Release: R1

Software Release: C6.9

Document Revision B.01


Ceragon Proprietary and Confidential Page 2 of 131

Notice

This document contains information that is proprietary to Ceragon Networks Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, or distributed without prior written authorization of Ceragon Networks Ltd. This document is provided as is, without warranty of any kind.

Registered Trademarks

Ceragon Networks® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. FibeAir® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. CeraView® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.

Trademarks

CeraMap™, PolyView™, EncryptAir™, ConfigAir™, CeraMon™, EtherAir™, and MicroWave Fiber™, are trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.

Statement of Conditions

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Ceragon Networks Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this document or equipment supplied with it.

Open Source Statement

The Product may use open source software, among them O/S software released under the GPL or GPL alike license ("GPL License"). Inasmuch that such software is being used, it is released under the GPL License, accordingly. Some software might have changed. The complete list of the software being used in this product including their respective license and the aforementioned

public available changes is accessible on http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Information to User

Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment and the warranty for such equipment.

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/



Revision History

Rev Date Author Description Approved by Date

A February 28,

2012

Baruch Gitlin First revision for release 6.9. Rami Lerner/Tomer

Carmeli

February 28,

2012

A.01 March 11,

2012

Baruch Gitlin Revised description of encryption

algorithms for secure management

protocols.

Nir Gasko March 11, 2012

A.02 March 15,

2012

Baruch Gitlin Revise PDV value for PTP optimized

transport.

Tomer Carmeli March 15, 2012

A.03 March 22,

2012

Baruch Gitlin Updated frequency specs. Rami Lerner March 26, 2012

A.04 April 1, 2012 Baruch Gitlin Updated frequency specs Rami Lerner April 1, 2012

A.05 June 18, 2012 Baruch Gitlin Add outdoor Ethernet and DC cable specs Rami Lerner June 18, 2012

A.06 July 4, 2012 Baruch Gitlin Revise environmental specifications. Rami Lerner July 4, 2012

B September

13, 2012

Baruch Gitlin Added 7 and 14 MHz channel bandwidth,

added technical details, and revised

document structure and format.

Rami Lerner September 13,

2012

B.01 February 10,

2013

Baruch Gitlin Revise description of licensing. Rami Lerner February 10,

2013



Table of Contents

1. Synonyms and Acronyms .............................................................................. 10

2. Introduction .................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Product Overview ......................................................................................................... 13

2.2 System Configurations ................................................................................................. 14

2.3 Functional Description.................................................................................................. 15

2.4 Management ................................................................................................................ 17

2.5 Solution Overview ........................................................................................................ 18

3. Hardware Description..................................................................................... 19

3.1 Hardware Architecture ................................................................................................. 20

3.2 Ethernet Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 22

3.3 Management Interfaces ............................................................................................... 24

3.4 Radio Interface ............................................................................................................. 25

3.5 RSL Indication .............................................................................................................. 25

3.6 Power Interfaces .......................................................................................................... 25

3.7 Additional Interfaces ..................................................................................................... 26

3.8 Front Panel LEDs ......................................................................................................... 27

3.9 Cable Connection Options ........................................................................................... 28

3.10 Surge Protection .......................................................................................................... 28

4. Licensing......................................................................................................... 29

4.1 License Overview ......................................................................................................... 30

4.2 Working with License Keys .......................................................................................... 30

4.3 Licensed Features ........................................................................................................ 30

5. Feature Description ........................................................................................ 31

5.1 Capacity and Latency ................................................................................................... 32 5.1.1 Capacity Summary ....................................................................................................... 33 5.1.2 Ethernet Header Compression .................................................................................... 34 5.1.3 Latency ......................................................................................................................... 40

5.2 Radio Features ............................................................................................................. 41 5.2.1 Adaptive Coding Modulation (ACM) ............................................................................. 42 5.2.2 ACM with Adaptive Transmit Power ............................................................................ 45 5.2.3 ATPC Override Timer ................................................................................................... 47

5.3 Ethernet Features ........................................................................................................ 48 5.3.1 Smart Pipe Mode ......................................................................................................... 49 5.3.2 Automatic State Propagation ....................................................................................... 50

5.4 Quality of Service (Traffic Manager) ............................................................................ 52 5.4.1 Integrated Quality of Service (QoS) Overview ............................................................. 53



5.4.2 Wireless Link Rate Adaptation when Connecting to an External Switch or Router ..... 54 5.4.3 Standard QoS .............................................................................................................. 56 5.4.4 Enhanced QoS ............................................................................................................. 59 5.4.5 Standard and Enhanced QoS Comparison.................................................................. 68

5.5 Synchronization ............................................................................................................ 69 5.5.1 Synchronization Overview............................................................................................ 70 5.5.2 IP-10C Synchronization Solution ................................................................................. 71 5.5.3 Synchronization Using Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) Optimized Transport ........... 72 5.5.4 SyncE PRC Pipe Regenerator Mode ........................................................................... 73

6. FibeAir IP-10C Management .......................................................................... 74

6.1 Management Overview ................................................................................................ 75

6.2 Management Communication Channels and Protocols ............................................... 76

6.3 Web-Based Element Management System (Web EMS) ............................................. 78

6.4 Command Line Interface (CLI) ..................................................................................... 79 6.4.1 Text CLI Configuration Scripts ..................................................................................... 79

6.5 In-Band Management ................................................................................................... 80 6.5.1 In-Band Management Isolation .................................................................................... 80

6.6 Out-of-Band Management ........................................................................................... 81

6.7 System Security Features ............................................................................................ 82 6.7.1 Ceragon’s Layered Security Concept .......................................................................... 82 6.7.2 Defenses in Management Communication Channels .................................................. 83 6.7.3 Defenses in User and System Authentication Procedures .......................................... 84 6.7.4 Secure Communication Channels ............................................................................... 85 6.7.5 Security Log ................................................................................................................. 87

6.8 Ethernet Statistics ........................................................................................................ 89 6.8.1 Ingress Line Receive Statistics .................................................................................... 89 6.8.2 Ingress Radio Transmit Statistics ................................................................................ 89 6.8.3 Egress Radio Receive Statistics .................................................................................. 90 6.8.4 Egress Line Transmit Statistics .................................................................................... 90 6.8.5 Radio Ethernet Capacity .............................................................................................. 90 6.8.6 Radio Ethernet Utilization............................................................................................. 90

6.9 Configurable RSL Threshold Alarms and Traps .......................................................... 91

6.10 Software Update Timer ................................................................................................ 92

6.11 CeraBuild ..................................................................................................................... 92

7. Standards and Certifications ......................................................................... 93

7.1 Carrier Ethernet Functionality ...................................................................................... 94

7.2 Supported Ethernet Standards .................................................................................... 94

7.3 Standards Compliance ................................................................................................. 95

7.4 Network Management, Diagnostics, Status, and Alarms ............................................. 96

8. Specifications ................................................................................................. 97

8.1 General Specifications ................................................................................................. 98 8.1.1 6-15 GHz ...................................................................................................................... 98 8.1.2 18-42 GHz .................................................................................................................... 98



8.2 Installation Requirements............................................................................................. 99 8.2.1 DC Cable Specifications .............................................................................................. 99

8.3 Antenna Connection ................................................................................................... 100

8.4 Frequency Accuracy .................................................................................................. 100

8.5 Transmit Power Specifications ................................................................................... 101

8.6 Receiver Threshold Specifications ............................................................................. 102

8.7 IP-10C Frequency Bands ........................................................................................... 104

8.8 Mediation Device Losses ........................................................................................... 115

8.9 Radio Capacity Specifications ................................................................................... 116 8.9.1 Radio Capacity without Header Compression ........................................................... 116 8.9.2 Radio Capacity with Legacy MAC Header Compression .......................................... 119 8.9.3 Radio Capacity with Multi-Layer Enhanced Header Compression ............................ 122

8.10 Ethernet Latency Specifications ................................................................................. 125 8.10.1 Ethernet Latency – 7 MHz Channel Bandwidth ......................................................... 125 8.10.2 Ethernet Latency – 14 MHz Channel Bandwidth ....................................................... 125 8.10.3 Ethernet Latency – 28 MHz Channel Bandwidth ....................................................... 126 8.10.4 Ethernet Latency – 40 MHz Channel Bandwidth ....................................................... 126 8.10.5 Ethernet Latency – 56 MHz Channel Bandwidth ....................................................... 127

8.11 Interface Specifications .............................................................................................. 128

8.12 Mechanical Specifications .......................................................................................... 128

8.13 Power Input Specifications ......................................................................................... 128

8.14 Power Consumption Specifications ........................................................................... 128

8.15 Environmental Specifications ..................................................................................... 129

8.16 Outdoor Ethernet Cable Specifications ...................................................................... 130

8.17 Outdoor DC Cable Specifications .............................................................................. 131



List of Figures

Functional Block Diagram ................................................................................... 15

FibeAir IP-10C Block Diagram ............................................................................. 15

IP-10C in 1+0 configuration ................................................................................. 16

Layer 1 Header Suppression ............................................................................... 35

Legacy MAC Header Compression ..................................................................... 36

Multi-Layer (Enhanced) Header Compression ................................................... 38

Adaptive Coding and Modulation with Eight Working Points ........................... 42

Adaptive Coding and Modulation ....................................................................... 43

IP-10C ACM with Adaptive Power Contrasted to Other ACM Implementations 45

Channel Mask Comparison ................................................................................. 46

QoS Traffic Flow .................................................................................................. 53

Wireless Link Rate Adaptation – Traffic Shaping to Radio Link Rate on

Switch/Router Port ......................................................................................... 54

Wireless Link Rate Adaptation – Loss-Less Mode ............................................ 54

Wireless Link Rate Adaptation – Smart Pipe with Enhanced QoS ................... 55

IP-10C Enhanced QoS ......................................................................................... 60

Classifier Traffic Flow .......................................................................................... 61

Synchronized Packet Loss .................................................................................. 63

Random Packet Loss with Increased Capacity Utilization Using WRED ......... 63

WRED Profile Curve ............................................................................................. 64

Queue Priority Configuration Example ............................................................... 65

Example 1 – Hybrid Scheduling – Illustration .................................................... 66

Example 1 – Hierarchical Scheduling – Illustration ........................................... 67

Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) Synchronization ............................................ 70

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)........................................................................... 71

Integrated IP-10C Management Tools................................................................. 75

In-Band Management Isolation ........................................................................... 80

Security Solution Architecture Concept ............................................................. 82



List of Tables

FibeAir IP-10 Series Overview ............................................................................. 18

Ethernet Interface Functionality .......................................................................... 22

Ethernet Interface LEDs ...................................................................................... 22

Ethernet Interfaces – Supported MTU Values .................................................... 22

Management Interfaces ....................................................................................... 24

License Types ...................................................................................................... 30

Header Compression ........................................................................................... 34

Ethernet Header Compression Comparison Table ............................................ 39

ACM Working Points (Profiles) ........................................................................... 42

Automatic State Propagation – Port Behavior ................................................... 50

Example 1 – Hybrid Scheduling .......................................................................... 66

Example 2 – Hierarchical Scheduling ................................................................. 67

IP-10C Standard and Enhanced QoS Features .................................................. 68

Dedicated Management Ports ............................................................................. 76

PolyView Server Receiving Data Ports ............................................................... 77

Web Sending Data Ports ..................................................................................... 77

Web Receiving Data Ports ................................................................................... 77

Additional Management Ports for IP-10C ........................................................... 77

Supported Ethernet Standards ........................................................................... 94



About This Guide

This document describes the main features, components, and specifications of the FibeAir IP-10C high capacity IP and Migration-to-IP network solution. This document also describes a number of typical FibeAir IP-10C configuration options. This document applies to hardware version R1 and software version C6.9.

What You Should Know

This document describes applicable ETSI standards and specifications. A North America version of this document (ANSI, FCC) is also available.

Target Audience

This manual is intended for use by Ceragon customers, potential customers, and business partners. The purpose of this manual is to provide basic information about the FibeAir IP-10C for use in system planning, and determining which FibeAir IP-10C configuration is best suited for a specific network.

Related Documents

FibeAir IP-10C Installation Guide - DOC-00032280

FibeAir IP-10C User Guide - DOC-00035560

FibeAir IP-10C MIB Reference - DOC-00033230

FibeAir IP-10 License Management System - DOC-00019183

FibeAir CeraBuild Commission Reports Guide, DOC-00028133



1. Synonyms and Acronyms

ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation

ACR Adaptive Clock Recovery

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

ATPC Automatic Tx Power Control

BBS Baseband Switching

BER Bit Error Ratio

BLSR Bidirectional Line Switch Ring

BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Units

BWA Broadband Wireless Access

CBS Committed Burst Size

CCDP Co-channel dual polarization

CFM Connectivity Fault Management

CIR Committed Information Rate

CLI Command Line Interface

CoS Class of Service

DA Destination Address

DSCP Differentiated Service Code Point

EBS Excess Burst Size

EIR Excess Information Rate

FTP (SFTP) File Transfer Protocol (Secured File Transfer Protocol)

GbE Gigabit Ethernet

HTTP (HTTPS) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Secured HTTP)

IDC Indoor Controller

LANs Local area networks

LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol

LMS License Management System

LOF Loss Of Frame

LTE Long-Term Evolution

MAID Maintenance Association (MA) Identifier (ID)

NMS Network Management System

NTP Network Time Protocol



OAM Operation Administration & Maintenance (Protocols)

OOF Out-of-Frame

PDV Packed Delay Variation

PM Performance Monitoring

PN Provider Network (Port)

PSN Packet Switched Network

PTP Precision Timing-Protocol

QoE Quality of-Experience

QoS Quality of Service

RDI Reverse Defect Indication

RFU Radio Frequency Unit

RMON Ethernet Statistics

RSL Received Signal Level

RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

SFTP Secure FTP

SLA Service level agreements

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SP Strict Priority

STP Spanning Tree Protocol

SSH Secured Shell (Protocol)

SSM Synchronization Status Messages

SyncE Synchronous Ethernet

TC Traffic Class

TOS Type of Service

VC Virtual Containers

Web EMS Web-Based Element Management System

WG Wave guide

WFQ Weighted Fair Queue

WRED Weighted Random Early Detection

WRR Weighted Round Robin



2. Introduction

This chapter includes:

Product Overview

System Configurations

Functional Description

Management

Solution Overview



2.1 Product Overview

FibeAir IP-10C is a compact, all-outdoor backhaul Ethernet product. FibeAir IP-10C combines radio, baseband, and Carrier Ethernet functionality in a single, durable box for outdoor installations.

FibeAir IP-10C offers the convenience of an easy installation procedure, and full compatibility with FibeAir RFU-C mediation devices, enabling easy transition of existing sites to all-outdoor zero-footprint solutions. It is designed for use in tail sites, particularly as part of a Smart Pipe solution.

FibeAir IP-10C covers the entire licensed frequency spectrum and offers a wide capacity range, from 50 Mbps to 1 Gbps over a single radio carrier, depending on traffic scenario based on MAC and enhanced Multi-Layer header compression.

Functionality and capacity are enabled via license keys while using the same hardware.



2.2 System Configurations

The IP-10C is designed as a tail site solution. Accordingly, the following configurations are best suited to IP-10C:1:

1+0

2 x 1+0 East/West

2 +0 Single Polarization

For more details about these configuration options, refer to the IP-10C Installation Guide, DOC-00032280.

1 Remote mount configuration is not supported for 42 GHz.



2.3 Functional Description

Featuring an advanced architecture, FibeAir IP-10C uniquely integrates the latest radio technology with Smart Pipe Ethernet capabilities. The FibeAir IP-10C radio core engine is designed to support native Ethernet over the air interface enhanced with Adaptive Power and Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) for maximum spectral efficiency in any deployment scenario.

Functional Block Diagram

FibeAir IP-10C Block Diagram

The CPU acts as the unit’s central controller, and all management frames received from or sent to external management applications must pass through the CPU.

The Mux assembles the radio frames, and transfers them to the MODEM.

The MODEM represents the physical layer, modulating, transmitting, and receiving the data stream.



The following figure shows the IP-10C in a 1+0 configuration.

IP-10C in 1+0 configuration



2.4 Management

Several methods can be used for IP-10C management:

Local terminal CLI

CLI via telnet

Web-based management

SNMP

In-band management

The Web-Based EMS enables access to all system configuration options.

In addition, the management system provides access to other network equipment through in-band or out-of-band network management.



2.5 Solution Overview

IP-10C is part of the FibeAir IP-10 series that includes IP-10G, packet-only IP-10E, all-outdoor IP-10C for access, and high-capacity high-density IP-10Q, which is optimized for high-capacity MPLS-aware Ethernet microwave radio where fiber connections are not available.

The FibeAir series provides a variety of solutions for a large number of deployment scenarios.

FibeAir IP-10 Series Overview

Single Carrier/Single

Direction

TDM and Ethernet Ethernet

IP-10G IP-10E IP-10C

Multi-Carrier/Multi Direction

Integrated Backhaul (L2) Smart Pipe (L1)

IP-10G Nodal IP-10E Nodal IP-10Q



3. Hardware Description


Hardware Architecture

Ethernet Interfaces

Management Interfaces

Radio Interface

RSL Indication

Power Interfaces

Additional Interfaces

Front Panel LEDs

Cable Connection Options

Surge Protection



3.1 Hardware Architecture

FibeAir IP-10C features all outdoor architecture consisting of a single unit directly mounted on the antenna.

RF connection – The IP-10C fits the field-proven RFU-C direct mount interface, with all available antennas.

V and H polarizations are supported using a mechanical twist which should be adjusted to fit the desired configuration.

The mounting bracket allows easy access to installation screws for a simple installation. For details, refer to the IP-10C Installation Guide, DOC-32280.



Main Interfaces:

1 x GbE combo port for traffic: 10/100/1000Base-T or SFP 1000Base-X

2 x GbE electrical ports for management: 10/100/1000Base-T2

Power interface (-48VDC)

Additional Interfaces:

Terminal console

RSL interface: BNC connector

In addition, each of the non-combo ports can be configured to support Ethernet out-of-band management.

2 1+1 Hot Standby (HSB) protection, planned for future release, will utilize one of the non-combo

GbE ports on each unit. For information about availability, consult your Ceragon sales representative.



3.2 Ethernet Interfaces

FibeAir IP-10C has a GbE Ethernet interface for traffic and two GbE interfaces for management on the front panel. For the traffic interface, you can choose between an optical and an electrical physical interface. The optical interface is located to the right of the electrical interface.

The management interfaces are located to the right of the traffic interfaces.

The following table describes the functionality of the IP-10C Ethernet interfaces.

Ethernet Interface Functionality

Indication Interface Rate Functionality

GEB “Combo” Electrical GbE 10/100/1000 OR Optical GbE – 1000 Traffic

GbE Management GbE 10/100/1000 Disabled/Management/Future Use

GbE Management GbE 10/100/1000 Disabled/Management/ Future Use

The following table describes the Ethernet interface LEDs.

Ethernet Interface LEDs

Interface Functionality LED (right) Activity LED (left)

Combo Eth1

(RJ-45)

When the port is enabled and interface

type is electrical RJ-45, the LED will be

on. Otherwise it will be off.

When a carrier is detected, the LED will be

on. When traffic passes, the LED will blink.

Combo Eth1

(SFP)

The SFP LED (below the SFP interface)

will be on when the port is enabled and a

carrier is detected. This LED will blink

when traffic passes.

Disabled

Eth2 When the port is enabled and used for

management, the LED will be on.



Eth3 When the port is enabled and used for

management, the LED will be on.



The following table shows the MTU values supported by the IP-10C Ethernet interfaces.

Ethernet Interfaces – Supported MTU Values

Interface type Jumbo mode Non jumbo mode

Ethernet Traffic port MTU = 9612 MTU = 1632

Management port MTU = 1632 MTU = 1632

Note: In non jumbo mode, the RMON oversized frames counter will count frames that exceed 2048 bytes. In jumbo mode, the RMON oversized frames counter will only count frames that exceed 10240 bytes.



It is possible to use an electrical interface at one end of the link, and an optical interface at the other end. In order to change interfaces, it is essential to disable the active interface first, and then to enable the other interface.

The following table lists recommended SFP manufacturers.

Part Number Item Description

Manufacturer Name Manufacturer PN

AO-0049-0 XCVR,SFP,850nm,1.25Gb,MM,500M,W.DDM PHOTON PST120-51TP+

AO-0049-0 XCVR,SFP,850nm,1.25Gb,MM,500M,W.DDM

Wuhan Telecom.

Devices (WTD) RTXM191-551

AO-0049-0 XCVR,SFP,850nm,1.25Gb,MM,500M,W.DDM CORETEK (*) CT-1250NSP-SB1L

AO-0049-0 XCVR,SFP,850nm,1.25Gb,MM,500M,W.DDM Fiberxon FTM-8012C-SLG

AO-0037-0 XCVR,SFP,1310nm,1.25Gb,SM,10km

Wuhan Telecom.

Devices (WTD) RTXM191-401

AO-0037-0 XCVR,SFP,1310nm,1.25Gb,SM,10km CORETEK (*) CT-1250TSP-MB4L-A

AO-0037-0 XCVR,SFP,1310nm,1.25Gb,SM,10km Fiberxon FTM-3012C-SLG

AO-0037-0 XCVR,SFP,1310nm,1.25Gb,SM,10km AGILENT AFCT-5710PZ



3.3 Management Interfaces

An IP-10C system can be configured to use 1 or 2 Ethernet management ports. Interfaces Eth2 and Eth3 are the only interfaces that can be assigned as management ports.


Configured Number of Management Ports


1 Eth3

2 Eth3, Eth2

0 None

Management interfaces are connected to the switch (bridge) and are configured to learning mode.

Management frames should always be assigned maximum priority in order to ensure that network management remains available in a loaded network. In order to achieve this, the IP-10C automatically assigns to all management frames (frames incoming from the management interfaces) a p-bit value of 7, which is the highest priority by default.

Management interfaces can be configured to have one of the following capacities: 64kbps, 128kbps, 256kbps, 512kbps, 1024kbps, 2048kbps (default). Capacity is limited by the port ingress rate limit.



3.4 Radio Interface

In all configurations, both remote mount and direct mount, IP-10C is connected to the antenna via the RF port. The RF port is a TX/RX direct WG connection.

For supported WG interfaces, refer to Antenna Connection on page 100.

3.5 RSL Indication

The RSL indication is used for antenna alignment during the link commissioning phase of installation. Connecting a DVM to this BNC connector will show current RSL in a 3 digit display following the 1V indication.

For example, a level of -35dBm is displayed as 1.35V on the DVM.

Note: The RSL reading is for reference only. For an accurate RSL indication, use the web-based EMS.

3.6 Power Interfaces

The IP-10C power interface is connected via a proprietary two pin connector, at the end of an 18-12AWG cable supplying -48VDC (nominal).



3.7 Additional Interfaces

An IP-10C contains the following additional interfaces:

Terminal Console – The terminal console is an RJ-45 interface. A local craft terminal can be connected to the terminal console for local CLI management of the IP-10C unit. The terminal console has the following parameters:

Baud: 115200

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow Control: None

Grounding Screw – Use the grounding screw for a secure grounding scheme from the IP-10C to the tower.



3.8 Front Panel LEDs

The following LEDs are located towards the bottom left of the front panel:

LINK – Indicates status of the radio link.

Eth-IF – Indicates status of the Ethernet interface.

RFU – Indicates status of the RF module.

PROT – Reserved for future use.

RMT – Indicates status of the remote unit.

LPWR – Reserved for future use.

Additional LEDs are located next to the Ethernet interfaces.



3.9 Cable Connection Options

The IP-10C requires a DC power cable and either an electrical or optical Ethernet cable. Several cable options are available:

Bundled Cable Option – The bundled cable is a proprietary Ceragon implementation that enables DC and Ethernet cables to be routed in a single cable deployment. All bundled cables are pre-made with Ethernet connectors and sealing glands. The bundled cable can be ordered in lengths of 50m and 75m.

Separate DC and Electrical Ethernet Cables – With this option, the user can either prepare separate CAT5E and DC cables or order these cables from Ceragon. Pre-made Ethernet cables are available from Ceragon in lengths of 50m and 75m. These cables include the Ethernet connector and the sealing gland.

Separate DC and Optical Ethernet Cables – Ready-made Single Mode and Multi Mode optical Ethernet cables are available in lengths of 50m, 100m, and 150m.

For DC cable specifications per length, refer to DC Cable Specifications on page 99.

3.10 Surge Protection

IP-10C includes built-in surge protection for its Ethernet and power interfaces. IP-10C’s surge protection mechanism complies with surge immunity standard IEC 61000-4-5, level 4.

In order to protect equipment connected to the IP-10C, it is recommended to use external surge protection devices.



4. Licensing


License Overview

Working with License Keys

Licensed Features



4.1 License Overview

FibeAir IP-10C offers a pay as-you-grow concept to reduce network costs. Future capacity growth and additional functionality is enabled with license keys using the same hardware. Licenses are per unit, with a license required for the units on both sides of the link.

4.2 Working with License Keys

Ceragon provides a web-based License Management System (LMS). The LMS enables authorized users to generate license keys, which are generated per IP-10C serial number. In order to upgrade a license, the license-key must be entered into the IP-10C, followed by a cold reset. When the system returns online following the reset, its license key is checked and implemented, enabling access to new capacities and/or features. For more detailed information, refer to FibeAir IP-10 License Management System, DOC-00019183.

4.3 Licensed Features

As your network expands and additional functionality is desired, license keys can be purchased for the features described in the following table.

License Types

License Name Description For Addition Information

Adaptive Coding and

Modulation (ACM)

Enables the Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

feature. An ACM license is required per radio.

Adaptive Coding Modulation (ACM)

Capacity Upgrade Enables you to increase your system’s radio capacity

in gradual steps by upgrading your capacity license.

Synchronization Unit Enables the Synchronization unit required for SyncE

support.

Synchronization

Enhanced QoS Enables the Enhanced QoS feature, which includes

eight priority queues with configurable buffer length, a

larger selection of classification criteria, WRED for

improved congestion management, an enhanced

scheduler based on Strict Priority, Weighted Fair

Queue (WFQ), or a hybrid approach that combines

Strict Priority and WFQ, and other enhanced

functionality.

A license is required per radio.

Enhanced QoS

Enhanced Header

Compression

Enables the use of Multi-Layer header compression,

which can increase effective throughput by up to

300%.

Ethernet Header Compression



5. Feature Description


Capacity and Latency

Radio Features

Ethernet Features

Quality of Service (Traffic Manager)

Synchronization



5.1 Capacity and Latency

This section includes:

Capacity Summary

Ethernet Header Compression

Latency



5.1.1 Capacity Summary

Modulations – QPSK to 256 QAM

Radio capacity – Up to 50/100/220/280/500 Mbps throughput over 7/14/28/40/56 MHz channels

Radio capacity with legacy MAC Header Compression – Up to 58/125/281/370/532 Mbps throughput

Radio capacity with Multi-Layer (Enhanced) Header Compression (license-enabled) – 146/317/713/938/1,000 Mbps throughput.

All licensed bands – L6, U6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38, 42 GHz

High scalability – From 50 Mbps to 500 Mbps, using the same hardware, and up to 1 Gbps with Multi-Layer Enhanced Header Compression.

IP-10C’s high system gain enables the use of small antennas and long link spans, resulting in high overall capacity while maintaining critical and real-time traffic, saving both on operational and capital expenditures by using smaller antennas for a given link budget.

For additional information:

Radio Capacity Specifications



5.1.2 Ethernet Header Compression

IP-10C offers several Ethernet header compression methods, which enable operators to significantly improve Ethernet throughout over the radio link without affecting user traffic:

No Header Compression (Layer 1 Header Suppression) – Removes the IFG and Preamble fields. This mechanism operates automatically even if no header compression is selected by the user.

MAC Header Compression (“Legacy Mode”) – Operates at Layer 2, compressing the MAC SA and the MAC DA. The user can enable or disable MAC header compression.

Multi-Layer Header Compression (“Enhanced Compression”) –Users can configure the depth of Enhanced Compression, up to Layer 4. Enhanced Compression requires software version C6.9. Enhanced Compression also requires a license.

Header Compression



5.1.2.1 Layer 1 Header Suppression

Even when no header compression is enabled, IP-10C performs Layer 1 header suppression. Layer 1 header suppression removes the IFG and Preamble fields (20 bytes), replacing them with a GFP header. Headers fields in Layers 2 through 4 are not compressed at all.

The following figure provides a detailed diagram of Layer 1 header suppression.

Layer 1 Header Suppression

L3/L4 headers

(optional)

&

Payload

CRC

MAC DA

MAC SA

0x0800/0x86DD

0x8100 (opt)

C-Vlan (opt)

6B

6B

2B

2B

2B

4B

L2

he

ad

er (M

AC

)M

AC

0x8A88 (opt)

S-Vlan (opt)2B

2B

Inter-Frame Gap (IFG)

Preabmle

12B

8B

L1

he

ad

er (P

HY

)

L3/L4 headers

(optional)

&

Payload

CRC4B

GFP header4B

0x0800/0x86DD

0x8100 (opt)

C-Vlan (opt)

2B

2B

2B

0x8A88 (opt)

S-Vlan (opt)2B

2B

MAC DA

MAC SA

6B

6B



5.1.2.2 MAC Header Compression (“Legacy Mode”)

IP-10C’s legacy MAC header compression operates on Layer 2, and supports up to eight flows. Legacy MAC header compression improves effective throughput over the radio link by up to 45% or more without affecting user traffic.

Legacy MAC header compression compresses the MAC SA and the MAC DA fields (12 bytes). Layer 1 header suppression is also active, replacing the IFG and Preamble fields (20 bytes) with a GFP header.

Legacy MAC header compression does not require a license, and can be enabled and disabled by the user. By default, legacy MAC header compression is disabled.

The following figure provides a detailed diagram of how the frame structure is affected by legacy MAC header compression.

Legacy MAC Header Compression

L3/L4 headers

(optional)

&

Payload

CRC

MAC DA

MAC SA

0x0800/0x86DD

0x8100 (opt)

C-Vlan (opt)

6B

6B

2B

2B

2B

4B

L2

he

ad

er (M

AC

)M

AC

0x8A88 (opt)

S-Vlan (opt)2B

2B


Preabmle

12B

8B

L1

he

ad

er (P

HY

)

L3/L4 headers

(optional)

&

Payload

CRC4B

Flow ID

GFP header4B

0x0800/0x86DD

0x8100 (opt)

C-Vlan (opt)

2B

2B

2B

0x8A88 (opt)

S-Vlan (opt)2B

2B

1B



5.1.2.3 Multi-Layer (Enhanced) Header Compression

This feature requires:

Enhanced Header Compression license

Related topics:

Licensing

Multi-Layer (Enhanced) header compression identifies traffic flows and replaces the header fields with a "flow ID". This is done using a sophisticated algorithm that learns unique flows by looking for repeating frame headers in the traffic stream over the radio link and compressing them. The principle underlying this feature is that packet headers in today’s networks use a long protocol stack that contains a significant amount of redundant information.

In Enhanced Compression mode, the user can determine the depth to which the compression mechanism operates, from Layer 2 to Layer 4. Operators must balance the depth of compression against the number of flows in order to ensure maximum efficiency. Up to 256 concurrent flows are supported.

Up to 68 bytes of the L2-4 header can be compressed. In addition Layer 1 header suppression is also performed, replacing the IFG and Preamble fields (20 bytes) with a GFP header.

Multi layer header compression can be used to compress the following types of header stacks:

Ethernet MAC untagged

IPv4

TCP

UDP

IPv6

TCP

UDP

MPLS

Ethernet MAC + VLAN

IPv4

TCP

UDP

IPv6

TCP

UDP

MPLS

Ethernet MAC with QinQ

IPv4

TCP

UDP

IPv6

TCP



UDP

MPLS

PBB-TE

The following figure provides a detailed diagram of how the frame structure is affected by Multi-Layer (Enhanced) header compression.

Multi-Layer (Enhanced) Header Compression

Payload

CRC

MAC DA

MAC SA

0x0800/0x86DD

0x8100 (opt)

C-Vlan (opt)

IPv4/6

UDP/TCP

6B

6B

2B

2B

2B

24/40B

8/28B

4B

L2

he

ad

er (M

AC

)L

3 h

ea

de

rM

AC

0x8A88 (opt)

S-Vlan (opt)2B

2B


Preabmle

12B

8B

L4

he

ad

er

L1

he

ad

er (P

HY

)

Payload

CRC4B

Compressed header

& Flow ID

GFP header4B

IP-10C’s Multi-Layer (enhanced) header compression can improve effective throughput by up to 300% or more without affecting user traffic.

5.1.2.4 Enhanced Header Compression Compatibility

The IP-10C’s configuration monitoring mechanism is used to provide backwards compatibility with legacy hardware and software versions that do not support Multi-Layer (enhanced) header compression.

A configuration mismatch may occur if the remote IP-10C unit is configured to Legacy compression mode. In this scenario, both sides of the link will use Legacy compression mode and an alarm will be raised to indicate that there is a configuration mismatch.



5.1.2.5 Enhanced Header Compression Counters

In order to help operators optimize Multi-Layer (Enhanced) header compression, IP-10C provides counters when Enhanced Compression is enabled. These counters include real-time information, such as the number of currently active flows and the number of flows by specific flow type. This information can be used by operators to monitor network usage and capacity, and optimize the Multi-Layer compression settings. By monitoring the effectiveness of the compression settings, the operator can adjust these settings to ensure that the network achieves the highest possible effective throughput.

5.1.2.6 Ethernet Header Compression Comparison

The following table summarizes the basic features of IP-10C’s legacy and enhanced Ethernet header compression mechanisms.

Ethernet Header Compression Comparison Table

No Compression (L1 header suppression only)

MAC (L2) Header Compression (Legacy Mode)

Multi-Layer (L2-4) Header Compression (Enhanced Compression)

SW license - - Enhanced Compression license

required

L1 header suppression

(removing IFG and

Preamble fields)

Yes Yes Yes

Compressed headers - L2:

MAC SA (6 bytes)

MAC DA (6 bytes)

L2:

Ethertype (2 bytes)

MAC SA (6 bytes)

MAC DA (6 bytes)

Outer VLAN header (4 bytes)

Inner VLAN header (4 bytes)

MPLS header (4 bytes)

B-MAC header (22 bytes)

L3:

IPv4 header (24 bytes)

IPv6 header (40 bytes)

L4:

UDP header (8 bytes)

TCP header (28 bytes)

Number of flows - 8 256



5.1.3 Latency

IP-10C provides best-in-class latency (RFC-2544) for all channels, making it LTE (Long-Term Evolution) ready:

<0.21ms for 28/56MHz channels (1518 byte frames)

<0.4 ms for 14MHz channels (1518 byte frames)

<0.9 ms for 7MHz channels (1518 byte frames)

5.1.3.1 Benefits of IP-10C’s Top-of-the-Line Low Latency

IP-10C’s ability to meet the stringent latency requirements for LTE systems provides the key to expanded broadband wireless services:

Longer radio chains

Larger radio rings

Shorter recovery times

More capacity

Easing of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) limitations

5.1.3.2 Frame Cut-Through Support

Frames assigned to high priority queues can pre-empt frames already in transmission over the radio from other queues. Transmission of the pre-empted frames is resumed after the cut-through with no capacity loss or re-transmission required. This feature provides services that are sensitive to delay and delay variation, such as VoIP and Pseudowires, with true transparency to lower priority services.

Notes: Frame Cut-Through is not supported in the current software release, but is planned for future release. Contact your Ceragon representative for up-to-date information on availability.


Ethernet Latency Specifications



5.2 Radio Features


Adaptive Coding Modulation (ACM)

ATPC Override Timer



5.2.1 Adaptive Coding Modulation (ACM)

Related topics:

ACM with Adaptive Transmit Power

Quality of Service (Traffic Manager)

FibeAir IP-10C employs full-range dynamic ACM. IP-10C’s ACM mechanism copes with 90 dB per second fading in order to ensure high transmission quality. IP-10C’s ACM mechanism is designed to work with IP-10C’s QoS mechanism to ensure that high priority voice and data packets are never dropped, thus maintaining even the most stringent service level agreements (SLAs).

The hitless and errorless functionality of IP-10C’s ACM has another major advantage in that it ensures that TCP/IP sessions do not time-out. Without ACM, even interruptions as short as 50 milliseconds can lead to timeout of TCP/IP sessions, which are followed by a drastic throughout decrease while these sessions recover.

5.2.1.1 Eight Working Points

IP-10C implements ACM with eight available working points, as follows:

ACM Working Points (Profiles)

Working Point (Profile) Modulation

Profile 0 QPSK

Profile 1 8 PSK

Profile 2 16 QAM

Profile 3 32 QAM

Profile 4 64 QAM

Profile 5 128 QAM

Profile 6 256 QAM – Strong FEC

Profile 7 256 QAM – Light FEC

Adaptive Coding and Modulation with Eight Working Points



5.2.1.2 Hitless and Errorless Step-by Step Adjustments

ACM works as follows. Assuming a system configured for 128 QAM with ~170 Mbps capacity over a 28 MHz channel, when the receive signal Bit Error Ratio (BER) level reaches a predetermined threshold, the system preemptively switches to 64 QAM and the throughput is stepped down to ~140 Mbps. This is an errorless, virtually instantaneous switch. The system continues to operate at 64 QAM until the fading condition either intensifies or disappears. If the fade intensifies, another switch takes the system down to 32 QAM. If, on the other hand, the weather condition improves, the modulation is switched back to the next higher step (e.g., 128 QAM) and so on, step by step .The switching continues automatically and as quickly as needed, and can reach all the way down to QPSK during extreme conditions.

Adaptive Coding and Modulation

5.2.1.3 ACM Radio Scripts

An ACM radio script is constructed of a set of profiles. Each profile is defined by a modulation order (QAM) and coding rate, and defines the profile’s capacity (bps). When an ACM script is activated, the system automatically chooses which profile to use according to the channel fading conditions.

The ACM TX profile can be different from the ACM RX profile.

The ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance. The RX end is the one that initiates an ACM profile upgrade or downgrade. When MSE improves above a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to upgrade its profile. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to downgrade its profile.

ACM profiles are decreased or increased in an errorless operation, without affecting Ethernet traffic.

ACM scripts can be activated in one of two modes:

Fixed Mode. In this mode, the user can select the specific profile from all available profiles in the script. The selected profile is the only profile that will be valid, and the ACM engine will be forced to be OFF. This mode can be chosen without an ACM license.



Adaptive Mode. In this mode, the ACM engine is running, which means that the radio adapts its profile according to the channel fading conditions. Adaptive mode requires an ACM license.

5.2.1.4 Configurable Maximum and Minimum ACM Profile

The user can define both a maximum and a minimum profile. For example, if the user selects a maximum profile of 5, the system will not climb above the profile 5, even if channel fading conditions allow it. If the user selects a minimum profile of 3 (32 QAM), the system will not climb below 32 QAM. If the channel’s SNR degrades below the 32 QAM threshold, the radio will lose carrier synchronization, and will report loss of frame.

5.2.1.5 ACM Benefits

The advantages of IP-10C’s dynamic ACM include:

Maximized spectrum usage

Increased capacity over a given bandwidth

Eight modulation/coding work points (~3 db system gain for each point change)

Hitless and errorless modulation/coding changes, based on signal quality

Adaptive Radio Tx Power per modulation for maximal system gain per working point

An integrated QoS mechanism that enables intelligent congestion management to ensure that high priority traffic is not affected during link fading

5.2.1.6 ACM and Built-In QoS

IP-10C’s ACM mechanism is designed to work with IP-10C’s QoS mechanism to ensure that high priority voice and data packets are never dropped, thus maintaining even the most stringent SLAs. Since QoS provides priority support for different classes of service, according to a wide range of criteria, you can configure IP-10C to discard only low priority packets as conditions deteriorate.

If you want to rely on an external switch’s QoS, ACM can work with them via the flow control mechanism supported in the radio.



5.2.2 ACM with Adaptive Transmit Power


ACM script

ACM enabled prior to enabling ACM with Adaptive Transmit Power

When planning ACM-based radio links, the radio planner attempts to apply the lowest transmit power that will perform satisfactorily at the highest level of modulation. During fade conditions requiring a modulation drop, most radio systems cannot increase transmit power to compensate for the signal degradation, resulting in a deeper reduction in capacity. IP-10C is capable of adjusting power on the fly, and optimizing the available capacity at every modulation point, as illustrated in the figure below. This figure shows how operators that want to use ACM to benefit from high levels of modulation (e.g., 256 QAM) must settle for low system gain, in this case, 18 dB, for all the other modulations as well. With FibeAir IP-10C, operators can automatically adjust power levels, achieving the extra 4 dB system gain that is required to maintain optimal throughput levels under all conditions.

The following figure contrasts the transmit output power achieved by using ACM with Adaptive Power to the transmit output power at a fixed power level, over an 18-23 GHz link.

IP-10C ACM with Adaptive Power Contrasted to Other ACM Implementations

For this feature to be used effectively, it is essential for the operator not to breach any regulator-imposed EIRP limitations. For example, if used, the operator must license the system for the maximum possible EIRP.



The Adaptive Transmit Power feature, together with ACM, can work in one out of two scenarios:

Increase capacity (increase throughput of existing link) – With the option to use Adaptive TX Power.

Increase availability (new link) – Adaptive TX Power is not applicable.

The first scenario is for operators that have existing links in a low class (modulation order), and want to use ACM in order to carry additional Ethernet traffic without occupying more spectrum bandwidth.

The second scenario is for operators who plan a new link for a specific availability and capacity, but want to take advantage of the ACM capability to achieve lower capacity even in higher fades.

In the first scenario the operator must plan the link according to a “low class” channel mask. When radio path conditions allow, the link will increase the modulation. This modulation increase may require lowering the output power (see figure below), in order to decrease the non-linearity of the transmitter for the higher constellations and in order for the transmitted spectrum to stay within the licensed “low class” channel mask. The following figure demonstrates the differences between a “low class” mask (e.g., class 2) and a “high class” mask (e.g., class 5).

Channel Mask Comparison



5.2.3 ATPC Override Timer

ATPC is a closed-loop mechanism by which each radio changes the transmitted signal power according to the indication received across the link, in order to achieve a desired RSL on the other side of the link.

Without ATPC, if loss of frame occurs the system automatically increases its transmit power to the configured maximum. This may cause a higher level of interference with other systems until the failure is corrected.

In order to minimize this interference, some regulators require a timer mechanism which will be manually overridden when the failure is fixed. The underlying principle is that the system should start a timer from the moment maximum power has been reached. If the timer expires, ATPC is overridden and the system transmits at a pre-determined power level until the user manually re-establishes ATPC and the system works normally again.

The user can configure the following parameters:

Override timeout (0 to disable the feature): The amount of time the timer counts from the moment the system transmits at the maximum configured power.

Override transmission power: The power that will be transmitted if ATPC is overridden because of timeout.

The user can also display the current countdown value.

When the system enters into the override state, ATPC is automatically disabled and the system transmits at the pre-determined override power. An alarm is raised in this situation.

The only way to go back to normal operation is to manually cancel the override. When doing so, users should be sure that the problem has been corrected; otherwise, ATPC may be overridden again.



5.3 Ethernet Features


Smart Pipe Mode

Automatic State Propagation



5.3.1 Smart Pipe Mode

Using Smart Pipe mode, only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic and IP-10C acts as a point-to-point Ethernet microwave radio. In Smart Pipe mode, the GbE combo port is used for Ethernet traffic. All traffic entering the IP-10C is sent directly to the radio, and all traffic from the radio is sent directly to the Ethernet interface.

In Smart Pipe mode, the non-combo GbE ports can either be configured as management interfaces or they are shut down. 3

3 1+1 Hot Standby (HSB) protection, planned for future release, will utilize one of the non-combo

GbE ports on each unit. For information about availability, consult your Ceragon sales representative.



5.3.2 Automatic State Propagation

Automatic State Propagation ("GigE Tx mute override") enables propagation of radio failures back to the line, to improve the recovery performance of resiliency protocols (such as xSTP). The feature enables the user to configure which criteria will force the GbE port (or ports in case of a remote fault) to be muted or shutdown, in order to allow the network to find alternative paths.

Upon radio failure, Eth1 is muted when configured as optical or shut down when configured as electrical.

Automatic State Propagation – Port Behavior

User Configuration Optical (SFP) GbE Port Behavior Electrical GbE port (10/100/1000) Port Behavior

Automatic State Propagation

disabled.

No mute is issued. No shutdown.

Local LOF, Link-ID mismatch

(always enabled)

Mute the LOCAL port when one or more of

the following events occurs:

1. Radio-LOF on the LOCAL unit.

2. Link ID mismatch on the LOCAL unit.

Shut down the LOCAL port when one or

more of the following events occurs:

1. Radio-LOF on the LOCAL unit.

2. Link ID mismatch on the LOCAL unit.

Ethernet shutdown threshold

profile.

Mute the LOCAL port when ACM Rx profile

degrades below a pre-configured profile on

the LOCAL unit

Shut down the LOCAL port when ACM Rx

profile degrades below a pre-configured

profile on the LOCAL unit.

This capability is applicable only when ACM

is enabled.

Local Excessive BER Mute the LOCAL port when an Excessive

BER alarm is raised on the LOCAL unit

Shut down the LOCAL port when an

Excessive BER alarm is raised on the

LOCAL unit

Local LOC Mute the LOCAL port when a GbE-LOC

alarm is raised on the LOCAL unit.

No shutdown.

Note1: Electrical-GbE cannot be muted.

Electrical-GbE LOC will not trigger

Shutdown, because it will not be possible to

enable the port when the LOC alarm is

cleared



User Configuration Optical (SFP) GbE Port Behavior Electrical GbE port (10/100/1000) Port Behavior

Remote Fault Mute the LOCAL port when one or more of

the following events is raised on the

REMOTE unit:

1. Radio-LOF (on remote).

2. Link-ID mismatch (on remote).

3. GbE-LOC alarm is raised (on remote).

4. ACM Rx profile crossing threshold (on

remote), only if enabled on the LOCAL.

5. ‘Excessive BER’ (on remote), only if

enabled on the LOCAL.

Shut down the LOCAL port, when one or

more of the following events is raised on the

REMOTE unit:

1. Radio-LOF (on remote).

2. Link-ID mismatch (on remote).

3. ACM Rx profile crossing threshold (on

remote), only if enabled on the LOCAL.

4. ‘Excessive BER’ (on remote), only if

enabled on the LOCAL.

Note1: Electrical-GbE cannot be muted.

Electrical-GbE LOC will not trigger "Shut-

down", because it will not be possible to

enable the port when LOC alarm is cleared

Notes: It is recommended to configure both ends of the link to the same Automatic State Propagation configuration.

If the link uses In-Band management, when the port is muted or shut down, management distributed through the link might be lost. If this occurs, the unit will not be manageable. The unit will only become manageable again when the port is un-muted or enabled.



5.4 Quality of Service (Traffic Manager)


Integrated Quality of Service (QoS) Overview

Wireless Link Rate Adaptation when Connecting to an External Switch or Router

Standard QoS

Enhanced QoS

Standard and Enhanced QoS Comparison



5.4.1 Integrated Quality of Service (QoS) Overview

Related topics:

Standard and Enhanced QoS Comparison

IP-10C offers integrated QoS functionality. In addition to its standard QoS functionality, IP-10C offers an enhanced QoS feature. Enhanced QoS is license-activated.

IP-10C’s standard QoS provides for four queues and six classification criteria. Ingress traffic is limited per port, Class of Service (CoS), and traffic type. Scheduling is performed according to Strict Priority (SP), Weighted Round Robin (WRR), or Hybrid WRR/SP scheduling.

IP-10C’s enhanced QoS provides eight classification criteria instead of six, color-awareness, increased frame buffer memory, eight priority queues with configurable buffer length, improved congestion management using WRED protocols, enhanced counters, and other enhanced functionality.

The figure below shows the QoS flow of traffic.

QoS Traffic Flow



5.4.2 Wireless Link Rate Adaptation when Connecting to an External Switch or Router

Several wireless link rate adaptation alternatives exist, with different performance parameters for each. Of these alternatives, FibeAir IP-10C’s built-in enhanced QoS capabilities provide the optimal solution.

Traffic shaping to radio link rate on Switch/Router port:

Radio link rate must be fixed

No ACM support

No compression gains

Wireless Link Rate Adaptation – Traffic Shaping to Radio Link Rate on Switch/Router Port

Loss-Less mode – Flow control towards Switch/Router to prevent overflow.

Creates very high PDV as all traffic towards the radio link is paused (1 msec in some cases)

Not suited for delay/delay-variation sensitive applications

Wireless Link Rate Adaptation – Loss-Less Mode

FibeAir IP-10C Smart Pipe – Enhanced QoS capabilities integrated in the microwave equipment

Optimized solution

Enables differentiated services with strict SLA

Maximizes network resource utilization

Adapts to dynamic radio link capacity (ACM, header compression gains, etc.)



Wireless Link Rate Adaptation – Smart Pipe with Enhanced QoS



5.4.3 Standard QoS

QoS enables users to configure classification and scheduling to ensure that packets are forwarded and discarded according to their priority.

Since it is common to set QoS and rate limiting settings identically in several ports, the QoS configuration can be copied from one port to another. This saves considerable time and prevents configuration mistakes.

The following diagram illustrates the QoS flow:

Egress Port #yIngress Port #x

Classifier

(4 Queues)

5 Policers

(Ingress

Rate

Limiting)

Queue

Controller

Shaper

(Egress rate

limiting)

Marker Scheduler

5.4.3.1 Standard QoS Classifier

Using IP-10C’s standard QoS functionality, the system examines the incoming traffic and assigns the desired priority according to the marking of the packets (based on the user port/L2/L3 marking in the packet). In case of congestion in the ingress port, low priority packets are discarded first.

The standard QoS classifier is made up of four classification criteria hierarchies:

MAC DA (Destination Address) Overwrite – Classification and marking is performed for incoming frames carrying a MAC DA that appears in the Static MAC table, according to the following options:

Disable – No MAC DA classification or VLAN P-Bit overwrite (marking).

Queue Decision – Only classification to queue. No marking.

VLAN P-Bit Overwrite – Only VLAN P-Bits overwrite (marking). Classification according to a lower criterion.

Queue Decision and VLAN P-Bit Overwrite – Both classification and VLAN P-Bits overwrite.

VLAN ID Overwrite –If the first criteria is not fulfilled (either because it is disabled, or because the ingress frame does not carry any MAC DA that appears in the S MAC table), classification and/or marking (VLAN P-Bit overwrite, assuming the frame egress is tagged) is decided according to the VLAN ID to Queue table according to the following options:

Disable – No VLAN ID classification or VLAN P-Bit overwrite (marking).

Queue Decision – Only classification to queue. No marking.

VLAN P-Bit Overwrite – Only VLAN P-Bit overwrite (marking). Classification is according to the lower criteria (P-Bits or port priority). In this case, P-Bits are assigned as follows (if egress frame is tagged):

Frames classified to 1st queue are given p-bits=0

Frames classified to 2nd queue are given p-bits=2

Frames classified to 3rd queue are given p-bits=4

Frames classified to 4th queue are given p-bits=6



Queue Decision and VLAN P-Bit Overwrite – Both classification and VLAN P-Bit overwrite. Initial Classification is according to the following configuration:

VLAN P-Bit – Classification is according to VLAN P-Bit. And the queue is assigned according to the VLAN P-Bit to Queue table.

IP TOS – Classification is according to IP TOS (IP precedence, or IP diffserv). The queue is assigned according to the IP P-Bit to Queue table.

VLAN P-Bit over IP TOS – Classification according to VLAN P-Bit, if the ingress frame carries a VLAN. For untagged packets with an IP header, classification is according to IP TOS.

IP TOS over VLAN P-Bit – Classification is according to IP TOS, if the ingress frame has an IP header. If the ingress frame without an IP header carries a VLAN, classification is according to VLAN P-Bit.

Port (Default) – If any of the above criteria are not fulfilled, the default classification is assigned to the ingress frame according to the port priority.

Default Classification. Default priority for frames incoming at the port.

5.4.3.2 Standard QoS Policers

IP-10C’s standard QoS provides up to five policers to perform ingress rate limiting. The policers are based on a color blind leaky bucket scheme, and can be applied per port or CoS.

For each policer, users can define up to five class maps. Each class map includes the following parameters:

Committed Information Rate (CIR) – IP-10C supports CIR granularity of 64kbps up to 1 Mbps of CIR, 1 Mbps from 1 Mbps to 1 Gbps of CIR. Packets within the CIR defined for the service are marked Green and passed through the QoS module.

Committed Burst Size (CBS) – IP-10C supports CBS up to a maximum of 128 kbytes. The default value is 12 kbytes. Packets within the CBS defined for the service are marked Green and passed through the QoS module.

Committed Information Rate (CIR) – IP-10C supports the following granularity for CIR:

64Kbps <= CIR <= 960Kbps, in steps of 64Kbps.

1000Kbps <= CIR <= 100,000Kbps in steps of 1000Kbps.

100,000Kbps < CIR <= 1,000,000Kbps in steps of 10,000Kbps.

Committed Burst Size (CBS) – IP-10C supports the following granularity for CBS:

For 64Kbps <= CIR <= 960Kbps, 0 < CBS <= 273,404 Bytes.

For 1000Kbps <= CIR <= 100,000Kbps, 0 < CBS <= 132,585 Bytes.

For 100,000Kbps < CIR <= 1,000,000Kbps, 0 < CBS <= 4,192,668 Bytes.



Data type – The rate can be limited based on the following data types:

None (no limiting), Unknown unicast, Unknown multicast, Broadcast, Multicast, Unicast, Management, ARP, TCP-Data, TCP-Control, UDP, Non- UDP, Non-TCP-UDP, Queue1, Queue2, Queue3, Queue4.

Note: Management frames are BPDUs processed by the system’s IDC, when processing L2 protocols (e.g., xSTP).

Limit Exceed Action

Discard Frame.

Note: The rate for rate limiting is measured for all Layer 1 bytes, meaning: Preamble (8bytes) + Frame's DA to CRC + IFG (12 Bytes)

5.4.3.3 Queue Management, Scheduling, and Shaping

IP-10C’s standard QoS has four priority queues. The queue controller distributes frames to the queues according to the classifier. The fourth queue is the highest priority queue, and the first queue is the lowest priority queue.

The scheduler determines how frames are output from the queues. IP-10C’s standard QoS supports the following scheduling schemes:

Strict Priority for all queues.

Strict Priority for the fourth queue, and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) for the remaining queues.

Strict Priority for the fourth and third queues, and WRR for second and first queues.

WRR for all queues.

In a WRR scheduling scheme, a weight is assigned to each queue, so that frames egress from the queues according to their assigned weight, in order to avoid starvation of lower priority queues. In addition, frames egress in a mixed manner, in order to avoid bursts of frames from the same queue.

Each queue’s weight can be configured. A queue's weight is used by the scheduler when the specific queue is part of a WRR scheduling scheme. Queue-Weight can be configured in the range of 1-32. The default queue weights are 8,4,2,1.

The shaper determines the scheduler rate (egress rate limit). The shaper can be enabled and disabled by the user. By default, the shaper is disabled.

The shaper rate is set with the following granularity:

For 64Kbps <= Rate <= 960Kbps, in steps of 64Kbps.

For 1000Kbps <= Rate <= 100,000Kbps in steps of 1000Kbps.

For 100,000Kbps < Rate <= 1,000,000Kbps in steps of 10,000Kbps.



5.4.4 Enhanced QoS


Enhanced QoS license

Related topics:

Synchronization Using Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) Optimized Transport

Licensing

Enhanced QoS provides an enhanced and expanded feature set. The tools provided by enhanced QoS apply to egress traffic on the radio port, which is where bottlenecks generally occur. Enhanced QoS can be enabled and disabled by the user.

Enhanced QoS capabilities include:

Enhanced classification criteria

Eight priority queues with configurable buffer length

An enhanced scheduler based on Strict Priority, Weighted Fair Queue (WFQ), or a hybrid approach that combines Strict Priority and WFQ

Shaper per priority queue

WRED support, along with Tail-Drop, for congestion management

Configurable P-bit and CFI/DEI re-marker

A PTP Optimized Transport dedicated channel for time synchronization protocols

Enhanced counters

These and other IP-10C enhanced QoS features enable operators to provide differentiated services with strict SLA while maximizing network resource utilization. Enhanced QoS requires a license, and can be enabled and disabled by the user.

The main benefits of enhanced QoS are:

Improved available link capacity utilization:

Enhanced and configurable queue buffer size (4 Mb total)

WRED for best utilization of the link when TCP/IP sessions are transported, providing up to 25% more capacity.

Enhanced service differentiation:

8 CoS queues (as opposed to 4 queues in standard QoS)

Additional classification criteria – MPLS EXP bits and UDP ports

Shaping per CoS queue

Sync. Optimized transport - best performance for 1588 packets

Monitoring, Assurance and Diagnostics capabilities:

Per queue counters – Transmitted and dropped traffic



The following figure illustrates the basic building blocks and traffic flow of enhanced QoS.

IP-10C Enhanced QoS

The initial step in the enhanced QoS traffic flow is the classifier, which provides granular service classification based on a number of user-defined criteria.

The classifier marks the Service ID, CoS, and color of the frames. If a frame’s VLAN ID matches a Service ID that is mapped to a policer, the frame is sent to the policer. Untagged frames or frames whose VLAN ID does not match a defined Service ID are sent directly to a queue, based on the frame’s CoS and color.

The next step is queue management. Queue management determines which packets enter which of the eight available queues. Queue management also includes congestion management, which can be implemented by Tail-Drop or WRED.

Frames are sent out of the queues according to scheduling and shaping, IP-10C’s enhanced QoS module provides a unique hierarchical scheduling model that includes four priorities, with WFQ within each priority and shaping per queue. This model enables operators to define flexible and highly granular QoS schemes for any mix of services.

Finally, the enhanced QoS module re-marks the P-bits and CFI/DEI bits of the most outer VLAN according to the CoS and color decision in the classifier. This step is also known as the modifier.



5.4.4.1 Enhanced QoS Classifier

The classifier is a basic element of each QoS mechanism. Each frame is assigned a Class of Service (CoS) and color, based on MEF 10.2 recommendations. The user can define several criteria by which frames are classified.

Classifier Traffic Flow

Each frame is assigned a CoS and Color

CoS is a 3-bit value from 0-7 that is used for classification to priority queues.

Color is a 1-bit value (Green or Yellow) used for policing. Green represents CIR, and Yellow represents EIR.

Classification to CoS and Color can be based on the following criteria

First hierarchy – Based on destination MAC address or source/destination UDP ports. The first classification hierarchy is used to identify and give priority to network protocols. Layer2 protocols such as xSTP and Slow protocols can be classified based on their pre-defined destination MAC address. Higher layer protocols such as NTP can be identified based on UDP ports.

Second hierarchy – Based on VLAN ID. The second hierarchy is used to classify frames based on network services. Each service is assigned to a different VLAN. Frames can be also prioritized based on their in-band management VLAN ID.

Note: To prevent loss of management to the remote sites, classification by In-Band management must be configured before activating the enhanced QoS feature. Especially at the first activation after upgrade, the In-Band management VLAN ID should be assigned CoS 7 and Green color.

Third hierarchy – Based on Priority bits. Options are VLAN 802.1p p-bits, IP DSCP/TOS, and/or MPLS experimental bits.

Classification is performed in the order of cardinality listed above. The classifier checks the first hierarchy, the second hierarchy, and the third hierarchy, until a match is found.



Each frame is assigned a Service ID

Classification to Services is based on VLAN ID. A Service ID is used for policing and for classification to CoS. Each policer is monitored by statistics counters.

Each CoS is mapped to one of the 8 available priority queues

All the classification criteria are divided into three hierarchies according to their cardinality, from the most specific to the most general.

Each queue is assigned a priority

Priorities vary from the highest (fourth) to the lowest (first). The scheduling mechanism treats these priorities as strict. WFQ scheduling is performed between queues of the same priority. For detailed information about scheduling, refer to Scheduling and Shaping on page 64.

5.4.4.2 Queue Management

Queue management is the process by which packets are assigned to priority queues. Queue management also includes congestion management. IP-10C provides the tail-drop method of congestion management, and enhanced QoS also offers Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED).

Enhanced QoS supports eight queues with configurable buffer size. The user can specify the buffer size of each queue independently. The total amount of memory dedicated to these queue buffers is 4Mb, and the size of each queue can be set to 0.5, 1, 2, or 4Mb. The default buffer size is 0.5Mb for each queue.

The following considerations should be taken into account in determining the proper buffer size:

Latency considerations – If low latency is required (users would rather drop frames in the queue than increase latency) small buffer sizes are preferable.

Note: The actual, effective buffer size of the queue can be less than 0.5Mb based on the configuration of the WRED tail drop curve.

Throughput immunity to fast bursts – When traffic is characterized by fast bursts, it is recommended to increase the buffer sizes of the priority queues to prevent packet loss. Of course, this comes at the cost of a possible increase in latency.

User can configure burst size as a tradeoff between latency and immunity to bursts, according the application requirements.

One of the key features of IP-10C’s enhanced QoS is the use of WRED to manage congestion scenarios. WRED provides several advantages over the standard tail-drop congestion management method.

WRED enables differentiation between higher and lower priority traffic based on CoS. Moreover, WRED can increase capacity utilization by eliminating the phenomenon of global synchronization. Global synchronization occurs when TCP flows sharing bottleneck conditions receive loss indications at around the same time. This can result in periods during which link bandwidth utilization drops significantly as a consequence of a simultaneous falling to a ”slow start”



of all the TCP flows. The following figure demonstrates the behavior of two TCP flows over time without WRED.

Synchronized Packet Loss

WRED eliminates the occurrence of traffic congestion peaks by restraining the transmission rate of the TCP flows. Each queue occupancy level is monitored by the WRED mechanism and randomly selected frames are dropped before the queue becomes overcrowded. Each TCP flow recognizes a frame loss and restrains its transmission rate (basically by reducing the window size). Since the frames are dropped randomly, statistically each time another flow has to restrain its transmission rate as a result of frame loss (before the real congestion occurs). In this way, the overall aggregated load on the radio link remains stable while the transmission rate of each individual flow continues to fluctuate similarly. The following figure demonstrates the transmission rate of two TCP flows and the aggregated load over time when WRED is enabled.

Random Packet Loss with Increased Capacity Utilization Using WRED

Each one of the eight priority queues can be given a different weight. For each queue, the user defines the WRED profile curve. This curve describes the probability of randomly dropping frames as a function of queue occupancy. Basically, as the queue occupancy grows, the probability of dropping each incoming frame increases as well. As a consequence, statistically more TCP flows will be restrained before traffic congestion occurs.



The WRED profile curve can be adjusted for each one of the priority queues. Yellow and Green frames can also be assigned different weights. Usually, Green frames (committed rate) are preferred over Yellow frames (excessive rate), as shown in the curve below.

WRED Profile Curve

Note: WRED can also be set to a tail drop curve. A tail drop curve is useful for reducing the effective queue size, such as when low latency must be guaranteed. In order to set the tail drop curve to its maximum level, the drop percentage must be set to zero.

5.4.4.3 Scheduling and Shaping

Scheduling and shaping determine how traffic is sent on to the radio from the queues. Scheduling determines the priority among the queues, and shaping determines the traffic profile for each queue.

IP-10C’s enhanced QoS module provides a unique hierarchical scheduling model that includes four priorities, with Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) within each priority, and shaping per port and per queue. This model enables operators to define flexible and highly granular QoS schemes for any mix of services.

Shaping

The egress shaper is used to shape the traffic profile sent to the radio. In enhanced QoS mode, there is an egress shaper for each priority queue. The user can configure CIR, CBS, and line compensation.

Note: The user can configure the shaper to count in L2 by setting line compensation to zero. The user can also “punish” short frame senders for the overhead they cause in the network by increasing the line compensation to a value above 20 bytes.



Scheduling

IP-10C’s enhanced QoS mechanism provides Strict Priority and Weighted Fair Queue (WFQ) for scheduling. Users can configure a combination of both methods to achieve the optimal results for their unique network requirements.

Each priority queue has a configurable strict priority from 1 to 4 (4=High;1=Low). WFQ weights are used to partition bandwidth between queues of the same priority.

Queue Priority Configuration Example

For each queue, the user configures the following parameters:

Priority (1 to 4) – The priority value is strictly applied. This means the queue with higher priority will egress before a queue with lower priority, regardless of WFQ weights.

WFQ weight (1 to 15) – Defines the ratio between the bandwidth given to queues of the same priority. For example if queue 6 and queue 7 are assigned WFQ weights of 4 and 8, respectively (using the notations of the above figure), then under congestion conditions queue 7 will be allowed to transmit twice as much bandwidth as queue 6.

Note: In order to be able to egress frames, each queue must also have enough credits in its shaper.



Scheduling Examples

This section provides several use cases in which Strict Priority and WFQ are combined to produce a desired scheduling configuration. These are simply two examples of the many ways in which IP-10C’s flexible scheduling mechanism can be configured to achieve a combination of Strict Priority scheduling for the highest priority traffic flows and weighted scheduling for other traffic flows that may be less delay sensitive.

Example 1 shows a hybrid setup in which the three highest-priority queues are served according to Strict Priority, and the remaining queues are served according to WFQ. In this example, higher-priority queues are served first. Only after the three highest-priority queues are empty is traffic from the remaining five queues served, according to WFQ and their respective weight.

Example 1 – Hybrid Scheduling

Queue Priority Weight Priority Scheme

1 4 - Strict Priority – served according to priority

(descending) 2 3 -

3 2 -

4 1 16 WFQ - Same priority – served according to weight

(16 bytes of Q4, 8 bytes of Q5, 4 bytes of Q6, etc.) 5 1 8

6 1 4

7 1 2

8 1 1

Example 1 – Hybrid Scheduling – Illustration



Example 2 shows a hierarchical scheme in which the highest priority queue is served first, and other queues are only served after the highest-priority queue is empty, according to their respective priorities and weights.

Example 2 – Hierarchical Scheduling

Queue Priority Weight Priority Scheme

1 4 - Highest priority – served first

2 3 1 Same priority, same weight, evenly

serving 1 byte of Q2 and 1 byte of Q3 3 3 1

4 2 2 Same priority, different weight, serving

2 bytes of Q4 and 1 byte of Q5 5 2 1

6 1 4 Same priority, different weight, serving

4 bytes of Q6, 2 bytes of Q7 and 1 byte

of Q8 7 1 2

8 1 1

Example 1 – Hierarchical Scheduling – Illustration

5.4.4.4 Configurable P-Bit and CFI/DEI Re-Marking

When enabled, the re-marker modifies each packet’s 802.1p P-Bit and CFI/DEI bit fields. 802.1p is modified according to the classifier decision.

The CFI/DEI (color) field is modified according to the classifier and policer decision. The color is first determined by a classifier and may be later overwritten by a policer. Green color is represented by a CFI/DEI value of 0, and Yellow color is represented by a CFI/DEI value of 1.



5.4.5 Standard and Enhanced QoS Comparison

The following table summarizes the basic features of IP-10C’s standard and enhanced QoS functionality.

IP-10C Standard and Enhanced QoS Features

Feature Standard QoS Enhanced QoS

License Required No Yes

Number of CoS Queues 4 8 (radio only)

Frame Buffer Size 1 MBit 4 Mbit (on egress port towards radio only), and

configurable

CoS Classification Criteria Source Port

VLAN 802.1p

MAC DA

IPv4 DSCP/TOS

IPv6 TC

Additional classification criteria:

UDP Port

MPLS EXP bits

Scheduling Method Strict Priority, Weighted Round Robin

(WRR), or Hybrid

Four scheduling priorities with WFQ between

queues in the same priority

Shaping Per port Per queue

Congestion Management Tail-drop Tail-drop, and Weighted Random Early Discard

(WRED)

CIR/EIR Support (Color-

Awareness)

CIR only CIR + EIR (WRED)

CoS to P-bit Re-Marking Default mapping only Color-aware

PMs and Statistics RMON Statistics Number of bytes accepted and number of

packets dropped.



5.5 Synchronization


Synchronization Overview

IP-10C Synchronization Solution

Synchronization Using Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) Optimized Transport

SyncE PRC Pipe Regenerator Mode



5.5.1 Synchronization Overview

Synchronization is an essential part of any mobile backhaul solution and is sometimes required by other applications as well.

Two unique synchronization issues must be addressed for mobile networks:

Frequency Lock: Applicable to GSM and UMTS-FDD networks.

Limits channel interference between carrier frequency bands.

Typical performance target: frequency accuracy of < 50 ppb.

Sync is the traditional technique used, with traceability to a PRS master clock carried over PDH/SDH networks, or using GPS.

Phase Lock with Latency Correction: Applicable to CDMA, CDMA-2000, UMTS-TDD, and WiMAX networks.

Limits coding time division overlap.

Typical performance target: frequency accuracy of < 20 - 50 ppb, phase difference of < 1-3 ms.

GPS is the traditional technique used.

5.5.1.1 Precision Timing-Protocol (PTP)

PTP synchronization refers to the distribution of frequency, phase, and absolute time information across an asynchronous packet switched network. PTP can use a variety of protocols to achieve timing distribution, including:

IEEE-1588

NTP

RTP

Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) Synchronization



5.5.1.2 Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

SyncE is standardized in ITU-T G.8261 and refers to a method whereby the clock is delivered on the physical layer.

The method is based on SDH/TDM timing, with similar performance, and does not change the basic Ethernet standards.

The SyncE technique supports synchronized Ethernet outputs as the timing source to an all-IP BTS/NodeB. This method offers the same synchronization quality provided over E1 interfaces to legacy BTS/NodeB.

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

5.5.2 IP-10C Synchronization Solution

Ceragon's synchronization solution ensures maximum flexibility by enabling the operator to select any combination of techniques suitable for the operator’s network and migration strategy.

PTP optimized transport:

Supports a variety of protocols, such as IEEE-1588 and NTP

Guaranteed ultra-low PDV (<0.035 ms per hop)

Unique support for ACM and narrow channels

SyncE “Regenerator” mode

PRC grade (G.811) performance for pipe (“regenerator”) applications



5.5.3 Synchronization Using Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) Optimized Transport


Enhanced QoS license

Related topics:

Enhanced QoS

IP-10C supports the PTP synchronization protocol (IEEE-1588). IP-10C’s PTP Optimized Transport guarantees ultra-low PDV (<0.035 ms), and provides unique support for ACM and narrow channels. Frame delay variation of <0.035 ms per hop for PTP control frames is supported, even when ACM is enabled, and even when operating with narrow radio channels.

The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) optimized transport feature is essential for timing synchronization protocols such as IEEE 1588. The PTP optimized transport channel is a Constant Bit Rate Channel that is dedicated to the Precision Time protocol with a constant latency that is unaffected by ACM profile changes and by congestion conditions that may occur on the payload traffic path.

Ceragon's unique PTP Optimized Transport mechanism ensures that PTP control frames (IEEE-1588, NTP, etc.) are transported with maximum reliability and minimum delay variation, to provide the best possible timing accuracy (frequency and phase) meeting the stringent requirement of emerging 4G technologies.

PTP control frames are identified using the advanced integrated QoS classifier. Upon enabling this feature, a special low PDV channel is created. This channel has 2 Mb bandwidth and carries all the frames mapped to the eighth Enhanced QoS priority queue. Once enabling the feature, the user must make sure to classify all PTP frames to the eighth queue. In this mode, all frames from the eight queue will bypass the shaper and scheduler and will be sent directly to the dedicated low PDV channel.



5.5.4 SyncE PRC Pipe Regenerator Mode

Related topics:

Licensing

In SyncE PRC pipe regenerator mode, frequency is transported between the GbE interfaces through the radio link.

PRC pipe regenerator mode makes use of the fact that the system is acting as a simple link (so no distribution mechanism is necessary) in order to achieve the following:

Improved frequency distribution performance:

PRC quality

No use of bandwidth for frequency distribution

Simplified configuration

For this application IP-10C has a dedicated mechanism which provides PRC grade (G.811) performance.



6. FibeAir IP-10C Management


Management Overview

Management Communication Channels and Protocols

Web-Based Element Management System (Web EMS)

Command Line Interface (CLI)

In-Band Management

Out-of-Band Management

System Security Features

Ethernet Statistics

Configurable RSL Threshold Alarms and Traps

Software Update Timer

CeraBuild



6.1 Management Overview

The Ceragon management solution is built on several layers of management:

NEL – Network Element-level CLI

EMS – HTTP web-based EMS

NMS and SML – NetMaster or PolyView platform

Each IP-10 Network Element includes an HTTP web-based element manager (CeraWeb) that enables the operator to perform element configuration, RF, Ethernet, and PDH performance monitoring, remote diagnostics, alarm reports, and more.

In addition, Ceragon provides an SNMP V1/V2c/V3 northbound interface on the IP-10C.

Ceragon’s management suite also includes a number of CeraBuild™ tools, which ease the operator’s task of installing, maintaining, and provisioning Ceragon equipment.

Ceragon offers NetMaster and PolyView network management systems (NMS). Both NetMaster and PolyView provide centralized operation and maintenance capability for the complete range of network elements in an IP-10C system.

In addition, management, configuration, and maintenance tasks can be performed directly via the IP-10C Command Line Interface (CLI).

Integrated IP-10C Management Tools



6.2 Management Communication Channels and Protocols

Related Topics:

Secure Communication Channels

Network Elements can be accessed locally via serial or Ethernet management interfaces, or remotely through the standard Ethernet LAN. The application layer is indifferent to the access channel used.

PolyView can be accessed through its GUI interface application, which may run locally or in a separate platform; it also has an SNMP-based northbound interface to communicate with other management systems.

Dedicated Management Ports

Port number Protocol Packet structure Details

161 SNMP UDP Sends SNMP Requests to the network elements

162 Configurable SNMP (traps) UDP Sends SNMP traps forwarding (optional)

25 SMTP (mail) TCP Sends PolyView reports and triggers by email

(optional)

69 TFTP UDP Uploads/ downloads configuration files (optional)

80 HTTP TCP Manages devices

443 HTTPS TCP Manages devices (optional)

From 21 port to any

remote port (>1023)

FTP Control Port TCP Downloads software and configuration files.

(FTP Server responds to client's control port)

(optional)

From Any port

(>1023) to any

remote port (>1023)

FTP Data Port TCP Downloads software and configuration files.

The FTP server sends ACKs (and data) to

client's data port.

Optional

FTP server random port range can be limited

according to need (i.e., according to the number

of parallel configuration uploads).

All remote system management is carried out through standard IP communications. Each NE behaves as a host with a single IP address.

The communications protocol used depends on the management channel being accessed.



As a baseline, these are the protocols in use:

Standard HTTP for web-based management

Standard telnet for CLI-based management

PolyView uses a number of ports and protocols for different functions:

PolyView Server Receiving Data Ports


162

Configurable

SNMP (traps) UDP Receive SNMP traps from network

elements

4001

Configurable

Propriety TCP CeraMap Server

69 TFTP UDP Downloads software and files (optional)

21 FTP Control

Port

TCP Downloads software and configuration

files. (FTP client initiates a connection)

(optional)

To any port (>1023) from any

Port (>1023)

FTP Data Port TCP Downloads software and configuration

files.(FTP Client initiates data connection

to random port specified by server)

(optional)

FTP Server random port range can be

limited according to needed configuration

(number of parallel configuration uploads).

9205

Configurable

Propriety TCP User Actions Logger server (optional)

9207

Configurable

Propriety TCP CeraView Proxy (optional)

Web Sending Data Ports


80 HTTP TCP Manages device

443 HTTPS TCP Manages device (optional)

Web Receiving Data Ports


21 FTP TCP Downloads software files (optional)

Data port FTP TCP Downloads software files (optional)

Additional Management Ports for IP-10C


23 telnet TCP Remote CLI access (optional)

22 SSH TCP Secure remote CLI access (optional)



6.3 Web-Based Element Management System (Web EMS)

The CeraWeb Element Management System (Web EMS) is an HTTP web-based element manager that enables the operator to perform configuration operations and obtain statistical and performance information related to the system, including:

Configuration Management – Enables you to view and define configuration data for the IP-10C system.

Fault Monitoring – Enables you to view active alarms.

Performance Monitoring – Enables you to view and clear performance monitoring values and counters.

Maintenance Association Identifiers – Enables you to define Maintenance Association Identifiers (MAID) for CFR protection.

Diagnostics and Maintenance – Enables you to define and perform loopback tests and software updates.

Security Configuration – Enables you to configure IP-10C security features.

User Management – Enables you to define users and user groups.

A Web-Based EMS connection to the IP-10C can be opened using an HTTP Browser (Explorer or Mozilla Firefox). The Web EMS uses a graphical interface. All system configurations and statuses are available via the Web EMS, including all L2-Switch configurations such as port type, VLANs, QoS.



6.4 Command Line Interface (CLI)

A CLI connection to the IP-10C can be opened via terminal (serial COM, speed: 115200, Data: 8 bits, Stop: 1 bit, Flow-Control: None), or via telnet (SSH is supported as well). The Terminal format should be VT-100 with a screen definition of 80 columns X 24 rows.

All parameter configurations can be performed via CLI.

6.4.1 Text CLI Configuration Scripts

CLI configuration text scripts, written in Ceragon CLI format, can be downloaded into the IP-10C. It is not possible to upload the IP-10C’s configuration into a text file.

CLI scripts can only be downloaded and handled via CLI. CLI scripts cannot be downloaded via the Web EMS.

The user can perform the following operations on CLI scripts:

Set the file name of the script:

Download CLI script file to the IP-10C

Download the CLI script file:

Get the status of the downloaded script.

Show the last downloaded CLI script content.

Execute (activate) a CLI script.

Delete the current script which resides inside the IP-10C.



6.5 In-Band Management

FibeAir IP-10C can optionally be managed In-Band, via its radio and Ethernet interfaces. This method of management eliminates the need for a dedicated interface and network. In-band management uses a dedicated management VLAN, which is user-configurable.

With In-Band management, the remote IP-10C is managed by specific frames that are sent as part of the traffic. These frames are identified as management frames by a special VLAN ID configured by the user. This VLAN ID must be used only for management. It is not possible to configure more than a single VLAN ID for management.

Note: It is strongly recommended to classify the management VLAN ID to the highest queue, in order to ensure the ability to manage remote units even under congestion scenarios.

The local unit is the gateway for In-Band management. The remote unit is managed via its traffic ports (the radio port, for example), so that no management ports are needed.

6.5.1 In-Band Management Isolation

This feature is designed for operators that provide Ethernet leased lines to third party users. The third party user connects its equipment to the Ethernet interface of the IP-10C, while all the other network interfaces, particularly the radios, are managed by the “carrier of carriers” user. In that case, management frames that are sent throughout the network to manage the “carrier of carrier” equipment must not egress the line interfaces that are used by the third party customer, since these frames will, in effect, spam the third party user network.

The following figure describes the management blocking scenario.

In-Band Management Isolation

IP-10 IP-10

Provider Network

Management Center

Mng

Frames

Carrier of carriers network

(Provider Network)

Mng

Frames

Block provider’s

management FramesBlock provider’s

management Frames

3rd

Party User

Network3

rd Party User

Network



6.6 Out-of-Band Management

With Out-of-Band management, the remote system is managed using an Ethernet management channel provided by a third party equipment.

Eth2 and Eth3 can be used to chain management from one shelf to another.

Management frames that ingress from the management ports must not be VLAN tagged. Tagged frames will be discarded.



6.7 System Security Features

To guarantee proper performance and availability of a network as well as the data integrity of the traffic, it is imperative to protect it from all potential threats, both internal (misuse by operators and administrators) and external (attacks originating outside the network).

System security is based on making attacks difficult (in the sense that the effort required to carry them out is not worth the possible gain) by putting technical and operational barriers in every layer along the way, from the access outside the network, through the authentication process, up to every data link in the network.

6.7.1 Ceragon’s Layered Security Concept

Each layer protects against one or more threats. However, it is the combination of them that provides adequate protection to the network. In most cases, no single layer protection provides a complete solution to threats.

The layered security concept is presented in the following figure. Each layer presents the security features and the threats addressed by it. Unless stated otherwise, requirements refer to both network elements and the NMS.

Security Solution Architecture Concept



6.7.2 Defenses in Management Communication Channels

Since network equipment can be managed from any location, it is necessary to protect the communication channels’ contents end to end.

These defenses are based on existing and proven cryptographic techniques and libraries, thus providing standard secure means to manage the network, with minimal impact on usability.

They provide defense at any point (including public networks and radio aggregation networks) of communications.

While these features are implemented in Ceragon equipment, it is the responsibility of the operator to have the proper capabilities in any external devices used to manage the network.

In addition, inside Ceragon networking equipment it is possible to control physical channels used for management. This can greatly help deal with all sorts of DoS attacks.

Operators can use secure channels instead or in addition to the existing management channels:

SNMPv3 for all SNMP-based protocols for both NEs and NMS

HTTPS for access to the NE’s web server

SSH-2 for all CLI access SFTP for all software and configuration download between NMS and NEs

All protocols run with secure settings using strong encryption techniques. Unencrypted modes are not allowed, and algorithms used must meet modern and client standards.

Users are allowed to disable all insecure channels.

In the network elements, the bandwidth of physical channels transporting management communications is limited to the appropriate magnitude, in particular, channels carrying management frames to the CPU.

Attack types addressed

Tempering with management flows

Management traffic analysis

Unauthorized software installation

Attacks on protocols (by providing secrecy and integrity to messages)

Traffic interfaces eavesdropping (by making it harder to change configuration)

DoS through flooding



6.7.3 Defenses in User and System Authentication Procedures

6.7.3.1 User Identification

IP-10C supports the following user identification features:

Configurable inactivity time-out for closing management channels

Password strength is enforced; passwords must comply with the following rules:

Be at least 8 characters long

Include both numbers and letters (or spaces, symbols, etc.)

Include both uppercase and lowercase letters

When calculating the number of character classes, upper-case letters used as the first character and digits used as the last character of a password are not counted

A password cannot be repeated within the past 5 password changes

Password aging: users can be prompted do change passwords after a configurable amount of time

Users may be suspended after a configurable number of unsuccessful login attempts

Users can be configured to expire at a certain date

Mandatory change of password at first time login can be enabled and disabled upon user configuration. It is enabled by default.

6.7.3.2 Remote Authentication

Certificate-based strong standard encryption techniques are used for remote authentication. Users may choose to use this feature or not for all secure communication channels.

Since different operators may have different certificate-based authentication policies (for example, issuing its own certificates vs. using an external CA or allowing the NMS system to be a CA), NEs and NMS software provide the tools required for operators to enforce their policy and create certificates according to their established processes.

Server authentication capabilities are provided.

6.7.3.3 Authorization

Users are assigned to user groups. Each group has separate and well-defined authorization to access resources. Security configuration can only be performed by the group with the highest permission level.

In the NMS, it is possible to customize groups and group permissions.

6.7.3.4 Centralized Management

RADIUS protocol is supported in the NMS (RADIUS client).

RADIUS server is the responsibility of the operator.

The use of RADIUS is optional.



6.7.3.5 Attack Types Addressed

Impersonation

Unauthorized software installation

Traffic interfaces eavesdropping

6.7.4 Secure Communication Channels

IP-10C supports a variety of standard encryption protocols and algorithms, as described in the following sections.

6.7.4.1 SSH (Secured Shell)

SHHv1 and SSHv2 are supported.

SSH protocol can be used as a secured alternative to Telnet.

SSH protocol will always be operational. Admin users can choose whether to disable Telnet protocol, which is enabled by default. Server authentication is based on IP-10C’s public key.

Key exchange algorithm is RSA.

Supported Encryptions: aes128-cbc, 3des-cbc, blowfish-cbc, cast128-cbc, arcfour128, arcfour256, arcfour, aes192-cbc, aes256-cbc, aes128-ctr, aes192-ctr, aes256-ctr.

MAC (Message Authentication Code): SHA-1-96 (MAC length = 96 bits, key length = 160 bit). Supported MAC: hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmac-ripemd160, hmac-sha1-96, hmac-md5-96'

The server authenticates the user based on user name and password. The number of failed authentication attempts is not limited.

The server timeout for authentication is 10 minutes. This value cannot be changed.

6.7.4.2 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

Administrators can configure secure access via HTTPS protocol.



6.7.4.3 SFTP (Secure FTP)

SFTP can be used for the following operations:

Configuration upload and download,

Uploading unit information

Uploading a public key

Downloading certificate files

Downloading software

Users with admin privileges can enforce secure FTP by disabling standard FTP.

6.7.4.4 Creation of Certificate Signing Request (CSR) File

In order to create a digital certificate for the NE, a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) file should be created by the NE. The CSR contains information that will be included in the NE's certificate such as the organization name, common name (domain name), locality, and country. It also contains the public key that will be included in the certificate. Certificate authority (CA) will use the CSR to create the desired certificate for the NE.

While creating the CSR file, the user will be asked to input the following parameters that should be known to the operator who applies the command:

Common name – The identify name of the element in the network (e.g., the IP address). The common name can be a network IP or the FQDN of the element.

Organization – The legal name of the organization.

Organizational Unit - The division of the organization handling the certificate.

City/Locality - The city where the organization is located.

State/County/Region - The state/region where the organization is located.

Country - The two-letter ISO code for the country where the organization is location.

Email address - An email address used to contact the organization.

6.7.4.5 SNMP

IP-10C supports SNMP v1, V2c or v3. The default community string in NMS and the SNMP agent in the embedded SW are disabled. Users are allowed to set community strings for access to IDUs.

SNMPv3 connections are authenticated with a single user ID and password. Admin users can configure this user ID and password.

IP-10C supports the following MIBs:

RFC-1213 (MIB II)

RMON MIB

Ceragon (proprietary) MIB.


FibeAir IP-10C C6.9 MIB Reference, DOC- 00015446

http://www.sslshopper.com/certificate-authority-reviews.html



6.7.4.6 Server authentication (SSL / SLLv3)

All protocols making use of SSL (such as HTTPS) use SLLv3 and support X.509 certificates-based server authentication.

Users with type of “administrator” or above can perform the following server authentication operations for certificates handling:

Generate server key pairs (private + public)

Export public key (as a file to a user-specified address)

Install third-party certificates

The Admin user is responsible for obtaining a valid certificate.

Load a server RSA key pair that was generated externally for use by protocols making use of SSL.

Non-SSL protocols using asymmetric encryption, such as SSH and SFTP, can make use of public-key based authentication.

Users can load trusted public keys for this purpose.

6.7.4.7 Encryption

Encryption algorithms for secure management protocols include:

Symmetric key algorithms: 128-bit AES

Asymmetric key algorithms: 1024-bit RSA

6.7.4.8 SSH

The CLI interface supports SSH-2

Users of type of “administrator” or above can enable or disable SSH.

6.7.5 Security Log

The security log is an internal system file which records all changes performed to any security feature, as well as all security related events.

Note: The Security log can only be accessed via the CLI.

The security log file has the following attributes:

The file is of a “cyclic” nature (fixed size, newest events overwrite oldest).

The log can only be read by users with "admin" or above privilege.

The log can be viewed using the following command:

/management/mng-services/log-srv/security log/view-security log

The contents of the log file are cryptographically protected and digitally signed.

In the event of an attempt to modify the file, an alarm will be raised.

Users may not overwrite, delete, or modify the log file.

The security log records:

Changes in security configuration

Carrying out “security configuration copy to mate”

Management channels time-out

Password aging time

Number of unsuccessful login attempts for user suspension



Warning banner change

Adding/deleting of users

Password changed

SNMP enable/disable

SNMP version used (v1/v3) change

SNMPv3 parameters change

Security mode

Authentication algorithm

User

Password

SNMPv1 parameters change

Read community

Write community

Trap community for any manager

HTTP/HTTPS change

FTP/SFTP change

Telnet and web interface enable/disable

FTP enable/disable

Loading certificates

RADIUS server

Radius enable/disable

Remote logging enable/disable (for security and configuration logs)

Syslog server address change (for security and configuration logs)

System clock change

NTP enable/disable

Security events

Successful and unsuccessful login attempts

N consecutive unsuccessful login attempts (blocking)

Configuration change failure due to insufficient permissions

SNMPv3/PV authentication failures

User logout

User account expired

For each recorded event the following information is available:

User ID

Communication channel (WEB, terminal, telnet/SSH, SNMP, NMS, etc.)

IP address, if applicable

Date and time



6.8 Ethernet Statistics

The FibeAir IP-10C platform stores and displays statistics in accordance with RMON and RMON2 standards.

The following groups of statistics can be displayed:

Ingress line receive statistics

Ingress radio transmit statistics

Egress radio receive statistics

Egress line transmit statistics

Notes:

Statistic parameters are polled each second, from system startup.

All counters can be cleared simultaneously.

The following statistics are displayed every 15 minutes in the Radio performance monitoring windows):

Utilization - four utilizations: ingress line receive, ingress radio transmit, egress radio receive, and egress line transmit

Packet error rate - ingress line receive, egress radio receive

Seconds with errors - ingress line receive

6.8.1 Ingress Line Receive Statistics

Sum of frames received without error

Sum of octets of all valid received frames

Number of frames received with a CRC error

Number of frames received with alignment errors

Number of valid received unicast frames

Number of valid received multicast frames

Number of valid received broadcast frames

Number of packets received with less than 64 octets

Number of packets received with more than 12000 octets (programmable)

Frames (good and bad) of 64 octets

Frames (good and bad) of 65 to 127 octets






6.8.2 Ingress Radio Transmit Statistics

Sum of frames transmitted to radio

Sum of octets transmitted to radio

Number of frames dropped



6.8.3 Egress Radio Receive Statistics

Sum of valid frames received by radio

Sum of octets of all valid received frames

Sum of all frames received with errors

6.8.4 Egress Line Transmit Statistics

Sum of valid frames transmitted to line

Sum of octets transmitted

6.8.5 Radio Ethernet Capacity

Peak Capacity

Average Capacity

Exceed Capacity threshold seconds

6.8.6 Radio Ethernet Utilization

These statistics represent actual Ethernet throughput, relative to the potential Ethernet throughput of the radio.

Peak Utilization

Average Utilization

Exceed Utilization threshold seconds



6.9 Configurable RSL Threshold Alarms and Traps

Users can configure alarm and trap generation in the event of RSL degradation beneath a user-defined threshold. An alarm and trap are generated if the RSL remains below the defined threshold for at least five seconds. The alarm is automatically cleared if the RSL subsequently remains above the threshold for at least five seconds.

The RSL threshold is based on the nominal RSL value minus the RSL degradation margin. The user defines both the nominal RSL value and the RSL degradation margin.



6.10 Software Update Timer

Users can configure a timer for installation of a software update.

6.11 CeraBuild

CeraBuild is an application that enables installation and maintenance personnel to initiate and produce commissioning reports to ensure that an IP-10C system was set up properly and that all components are in order for operation.

CeraBuild includes the following tools:

Site Commission Tool

Link Commission Tool

PM Commission Tool

Diagnostics Tool


FibeAir CeraBuild Commission Reports Guide, DOC-00028133



7. Standards and Certifications


Carrier Ethernet Functionality

Supported Ethernet Standards

Standards Compliance

Network Management, Diagnostics, Status, and Alarms



7.1 Carrier Ethernet Functionality

"Jumbo" Frame Support Up to 9600 Bytes

General Enhanced link state propagation

Enhanced MAC header compression

QoS

Advanced CoS classification and remarking

Per interface CoS based packet queuing/buffering (8

queues)

Per queue statistics

Tail-drop and WRED with CIR/EIR support

Flexible scheduling schemes (SP/WFQ/Hierarchical)

Per interface and per queue traffic shaping

Performance Monitoring

Per port Ethernet counters (RMON/RMON2)

Radio ACM statistics

Enhanced radio Ethernet statistics (Frame Error Rate,

Throughput, Capacity, Utilization)

7.2 Supported Ethernet Standards

Supported Ethernet Standards

Standard Description

802.3 10base-T

802.3u 100base-T

802.3ab 1000base-T

802.3z 1000base-X

802.3ac Ethernet VLANs

802.1Q Virtual LAN (VLAN)

802.1p Class of service

802.1ad Provider bridges (QinQ)

802.3x Flow control

802.3ad Link aggregation

Auto MDI/MDIX for 1000baseT

RFC 1349 IPv4 TOS

RFC 2474 IPv4 DSCP

RFC 2460 IPv6 Traffic Classes



7.3 Standards Compliance

Specification Standard

EMC EN 301 489-4

Safety IEC 60950

Ingress Protection IEC 60529 IP56

Operation ETSI 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1

Storage ETSI 300 019-1-1

Transportation ETSI 300 019-1-2



7.4 Network Management, Diagnostics, Status, and Alarms

Network Management System Ceragon PolyView NMS

NMS Interface protocol SNMPv1/v2c/v3

XML over HTTP/HTTPS toward PolyView

Element Management Web based EMS, CLI

Management Channels &

Protocols

HTTP/HTTPS

Telnet/SSH-2

FTP/SFTP

Authentication, Authorization &

Accounting

User access control

X-509 Certificate

Management Interface Dedicated Ethernet interfaces (up to 3) or in-band

Local Configuration and

Monitoring RJ-45 port

In-Band Management Support dedicated VLAN for management

TMN Ceragon NMS functions are in accordance with ITU-T

recommendations for TMN

RSL Indication Accurate power reading (dBm) available at IP-10C4, and NMS

Performance Monitoring Integral with onboard memory per ITU-T G.826/G.828

4 Note that the voltage at the BNC port is not accurate and should be used only as an aid.



8. Specifications


General Specifications

Installation Requirements

Antenna Connection

Frequency Accuracy

Transmit Power Specifications

Receiver Threshold Specifications

IP-10C Frequency Bands

Mediation Device Losses

Radio Capacity Specifications

Ethernet Latency Specifications

Interface Specifications

Mechanical Specifications

Power Input Specifications

Power Consumption Specifications

Environmental Specifications

Outdoor Ethernet Cable Specifications

Outdoor DC Cable Specifications

Related Topics:

Standards and Certifications

Note: All specifications are subject to change without prior notification.



8.1 General Specifications

8.1.1 6-15 GHz

Specification 6L,6H GHz 7,8 GHz 10 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz

Standards ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI

Operating Frequency Range

(GHz)

5.85-6.45, 6.4-

7.1 7.1-7.9, 7.7-8.5 10.0-10.7 10.7-11.7 12.75-13.3 14.4-15.35

Tx/Rx Spacing (MHz)

252.04, 240,

266, 300, 340,

160, 170, 500

154, 119, 161, 168, 182,

196, 208, 245, 250, 266,

300,310, 311.32, 500, 530

91,

168,350,

550

490, 520,

530 266

315, 420,

475, 644,

490, 728

Frequency Stability +0.001%

Frequency Source Synthesizer

RF Channel Selection Via EMS/NMS

System Configurations 1+0, 2 x 1+0 East/West, 2 +0 Single Polarization

Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) Up to 20dB dynamic range

8.1.2 18-42 GHz

Specification 18 GHz 23 GHz 24UL GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 32 GHz 38 GHz 425 GHz

Standards ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI ETSI

Operating Frequency

Range (GHz) 17.7-19.7 21.2-23.65 24.0-24.25 24.2-26.5 27.35-29.5 31.8-33.4 37-40 40.55-43.45

Tx/Rx Spacing (MHz) 1010, 1120,

1008, 1560

1008, 1200,

1232

Customer-

defined 800, 1008

350, 450, 490,

1008 812

1000,

1260, 700 1500

Frequency Stability +0.001%

Frequency Source Synthesizer

RF Channel Selection Via EMS/NMS

System

Configurations

1+0, 2 x 1+0 East/West, 2 +0 Single Polarization

Tx Range

(Manual/ATPC)

Up to 20dB dynamic range

5 42GHz support is a roadmap item; parameters and availability are subject to change.



8.2 Installation Requirements

The IP-10C shall be installed in accordance with the national code and requirements of the country in which the IP-10C is being installed.

The IP-10C is intended for installation in a Restricted Access Area.

The IP-10C shall be installed within 140 feet (42.67 meters) from the building. Otherwise, Ethernet and other SELV connections will turn to TNV.

A 2-Pole circuit breaker, a branch circuit protector, suitably certified in accordance with applicable national code and regulations, rated maximum 20A, shall be installed for full power disconnection in a building installation.

The unit’s earthing screw terminal shall be permanently connected to protective earth in a building installation in accordance with applicable national code and regulations by a service person.

Any outdoor antenna cable shield shall be permanently connected to protective earth in a building installation.

In Norway and Sweden:

Equipment connected to the protective earthing of the building installation through the mains connection or through other equipment with a connection to protective earthing – and to a cable distribution system using coaxial cable, may in some circumstances create a fire hazard. Connection to a cable distribution system has therefore to be provided through a device providing electrical isolation below a certain frequency range (galvanic isolator, see EN 60728-11).

Utstyr som er koplet til beskyttelsesjord via nettplugg og/eller via annet jordtilkoplet utstyr – og er tilkoplet et kabel-TV nett, kan forårsake brannfare. For å unngå dette skal det ved tilkopling av utstyret til kabel-TV nettet installeres en galvanisk isolator mellom utstyret og kabel- TV nettet.” Translation to Swedish: ”Utrustning som är kopplad till skyddsjord via jordat vägguttag och/eller via annan utrustning och samtidigt är kopplad till kabel-TV nät kan i vissa fall medfőra risk főr brand. Főr att undvika detta skall vid anslutning av utrustningen till kabel-TV nät galvanisk isolator finnas mellan utrustningen och kabel-TV nätet.

8.2.1 DC Cable Specifications

DC Cable Gage (AWG)

Cable length ≤ 75m 18

75< Cable length ≤100m 16

100m ≤ Cable length ≤ 300m 12

!!



8.3 Antenna Connection

Direct Mount:

Andrew (VHLP), RFS, Xian Putian (WTG), Radio Wave, GD, Shenglu

Remote Mount:

Frequency (GHz) Waveguide Standard Waveguide Flange

Antenna Flange

6 WR137 PDR70 UDR70

7/8 WR112 PBR84 UBR84

10/11 WR90 PBR100 UBR100

13 WR75 PBR120 UBR120

15 WR62 PBR140 UBR140

18-26 WR42 PBR220 UBR220

28-38 WR28 PBR320 UBR320

426 WR22 UG383/U UG383/U

If a different antenna type (CPR flange) is used, a flange adaptor is required. Please contact your Ceragon representative for details.

8.4 Frequency Accuracy

IP-10C provides frequency accuracy of ±4 ppm7.


7 Over temperature.



8.5 Transmit Power Specifications

Modulation 6-8 GHz 10-15 GHz 18-23 GHz 24GHz UL* 26 GHz 28 GHz 32, 38 GHz 428 GHz

QPSK 26 24 22 -17 21 14 18 16

8 PSK 26 24 22 -18 21 14 18 16

16 QAM 25 23 21 -19 20 14 17 15

32 QAM 24 22 20 -19 19 14 16 14

64 QAM 24 22 20 -19 19 14 16 14

128 QAM 24 22 20 -19 19 14 16 14

256 QAM 22 20 18 -21 17 12 14 12

*For 1ft ant or lower




8.6 Receiver Threshold Specifications

Note: RSL values are typical.

Profile Modulation Channel Spacing

Occupied Bandwidth 99%

Frequency (GHz)

6-15 18 23 24 26 28 31 32, 38 429

0 QPSK

7 MHz 6.5 MHz

-91.5 -91.0 -89.5 -86.5 -89.0 -89.0 -88.0 -89.5 -89.5

1 8 PSK -88.4 -87.9 -86.4 -83.4 -85.9 -85.9 -84.9 -86.4 -87.0

2 16 QAM -86.4 -85.9 -84.4 -81.4 -83.9 -83.9 -82.9 -84.4 -84.0

3 32 QAM -83.8 -83.3 -81.8 -78.8 -81.3 -81.3 -80.3 -81.8 -81.0

4 64 QAM -82.3 -81.8 -80.3 -77.3 -79.8 -79.8 -78.8 -80.3 -80.0

5 128 QAM -80.0 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -77.5 -77.5 -76.5 -78.0 -77.5

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) -76.8 -76.3 -74.8 -71.8 -74.3 -74.3 -73.3 -74.8 -74.0

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) -73.3 -72.8 -71.3 -68.3 -70.8 -70.8 -69.8 -71.3 -73.0

0 QPSK

14 MHz 12.5 MHz

-90.3 -89.8 -88.3 -85.3 -87.8 -87.8 -86.8 -88.3 -88.5

1 8 PSK -86.5 -86.0 -84.5 -81.5 -84.0 -84.0 -83.0 -84.5 -85.5

2 16 QAM -83.1 -82.6 -81.1 -78.1 -80.6 -80.6 -79.6 -81.1 -81.0

3 32 QAM -81.5 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -79.0 -79.0 -78.0 -79.5 -79.0

4 64 QAM -80.1 -79.6 -78.1 -75.1 -77.6 -77.6 -76.6 -78.1 -78.0

5 128 QAM -77.1 -76.6 -75.1 -72.1 -74.6 -74.6 -73.6 -75.1 -75.0

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) -74.1 -73.6 -72.1 -69.1 -71.6 -71.6 -70.6 -72.1 -72.0

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) -71.8 -71.3 -69.8 -66.8 -69.3 -69.3 -68.3 -69.8 -68.5

9 42GHz RFU-C is a roadmap item; parameters and availability are subject to change.



Receiver Threshold (Continued)

Profile Modulation Channel Spacing

Occupied Bandwidth 99%

Frequency (GHz)

6-10 11-15 18 23 24 26 28 32, 38 4210

0 QPSK

28 MHz 26 MHz

-89.5 -90.0 -89.0 -88.5 -85.5 -87.5 -85.5 -86.5 -87.5

1 8 PSK -85.5 -86.0 -85.0 -84.5 -81.5 -83.5 -81.5 -82.5 -83.5

2 16 QAM -83.0 -83.5 -82.5 -82.0 -79.0 -81.0 -79.0 -80.0 -81.0

3 32 QAM -78.5 -79.0 -78.0 -77.5 -74.5 -76.5 -74.5 -75.5 -76.5

4 64 QAM -76.5 -77.0 -76.0 -75.5 -72.5 -74.5 -72.5 -73.5 -74.5

5 128 QAM -72.0 -72.5 -71.5 -71.0 -68.0 -70.0 -68.0 -69.0 -70.0

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) -71.5 -72.0 -71.0 -70.5 -67.5 -69.5 -67.5 -68.5 -69.5

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) -68.5 -69.0 -68.0 -67.5 -64.5 -66.5 -64.5 -65.5 -66.5

0 QPSK

40 MHz 36.5 MHz

-87.0 -87.5 -86.5 -86.0 -83.0 -85.0 -83.0 -84.0 -85.0

1 8 PSK -81.5 -82.0 -81.0 -80.5 -77.5 -79.5 -77.5 -78.5 -79.5

2 16 QAM -79.0 -79.5 -78.5 -78.0 -75.0 -77.0 -75.0 -76.0 -77.0

3 32 QAM -75.5 -76.0 -75.0 -74.5 -71.5 -73.5 -71.5 -72.5 -73.5

4 64 QAM -72.0 -72.5 -71.5 -71.0 -68.0 -70.0 -68.0 -69.0 -70.0

5 128 QAM -71.0 -71.5 -70.5 -70.0 -67.0 -69.0 -67.0 -68.0 -69.0

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) -68.5 -69.0 -68.0 -67.5 -64.5 -66.5 -64.5 -65.5 -66.5

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) -66.0 -66.5 -65.5 -65.0 -62.0 -64.0 -62.0 -63.0 -64.0

0 QPSK

56 MHz 52 MHz

-86.5 -87.0 -86.0 -85.5 -82.5 -84.5 -82.5 -83.5 -84.5

1 8 PSK -81.5 -82.0 -81.0 -80.5 -77.5 -79.5 -77.5 -78.5 -79.5

2 16 QAM -80.5 -81.0 -80.0 -79.5 -76.5 -78.5 -76.5 -77.5 -78.5

3 32 QAM -76.0 -76.5 -75.5 -75.0 -72.0 -74.0 -72.0 -73.0 -74.0

4 64 QAM -74.0 -74.5 -73.5 -73.0 -70.0 -72.0 -70.0 -71.0 -72.0

5 128 QAM -71.0 -71.5 -70.5 -70.0 -67.0 -69.0 -67.0 -68.0 -69.0

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) -68.5 -69.0 -68.0 -67.5 -64.5 -66.5 -64.5 -65.5 -66.5

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) -65.5 -66.0 -65.0 -64.5 -61.5 -63.5 -61.5 -62.5 -63.5

10

42GHz support is a roadmap item; parameters and availability are subject to change.



8.7 IP-10C Frequency Bands

Frequency Band TX Range RX Range Tx/Rx Spacing

6L GHz

6332.5-6393 5972-6093 300A

5972-6093 6332.5-6393

6191.5-6306.5 5925.5-6040.5

266A 5925.5-6040.5 6191.5-6306.5

6303.5-6418.5 6037.5-6152.5

6037.5-6152.5 6303.5-6418.5

6245-6290.5 5939.5-6030.5

260A 5939.5-6030.5 6245-6290.5

6365-6410.5 6059.5-6150.5

6059.5-6150.5 6365-6410.5

6226.89-6286.865 5914.875-6034.825

252B 5914.875-6034.825 6226.89-6286.865

6345.49-6405.465 6033.475-6153.425

6033.475-6153.425 6345.49-6405.465

6181.74-6301.69 5929.7-6049.65

252A

5929.7-6049.65 6181.74-6301.69

6241.04-6360.99 5989-6108.95

5989-6108.95 6241.04-6360.99

6300.34-6420.29 6048.3-6168.25

6048.3-6168.25 6300.34-6420.29

6235-6290.5 5939.5-6050.5

240A 5939.5-6050.5 6235-6290.5

6355-6410.5 6059.5-6170.5

6059.5-6170.5 6355-6410.5

6H GHz

6924.5-7075.5 6424.5-6575.5 500

6424.5-6575.5 6924.5-7075.5

7032.5-7091.5 6692.5-6751.5 340C

6692.5-6751.5 7032.5-7091.5

6764.5-6915.5 6424.5-6575.5

340B 6424.5-6575.5 6764.5-6915.5

6924.5-7075.5 6584.5-6735.5

6584.5-6735.5 6924.5-7075.5




6781-6939 6441-6599

340A 6441-6599 6781-6939

6941-7099 6601-6759

6601-6759 6941-7099

6707.5-6772.5 6537.5-6612.5

160A

6537.5-6612.5 6707.5-6772.5

6767.5-6832.5 6607.5-6672.5

6607.5-6672.5 6767.5-6832.5

6827.5-6872.5 6667.5-6712.5

6667.5-6712.5 6827.5-6872.5

7 GHz

7783.5-7898.5 7538.5-7653.5

7538.5-7653.5 7783.5-7898.5

7301.5-7388.5 7105.5-7192.5

196A 7105.5-7192.5 7301.5-7388.5

7357.5-7444.5 7161.5-7248.5

7161.5-7248.5 7357.5-7444.5

7440.5-7499.5 7622.5-7681.5

7678.5-7737.5 7496.5-7555.5

7496.5-7555.5 7678.5-7737.5

7580.5-7639.5 7412.5-7471.5

168C

7412.5-7471.5 7580.5-7639.5

7608.5-7667.5 7440.5-7499.5

7440.5-7499.5 7608.5-7667.5

7664.5-7723.5 7496.5-7555.5

7496.5-7555.5 7664.5-7723.5

7609.5-7668.5 7441.5-7500.5

168B

7441.5-7500.5 7609.5-7668.5

7637.5-7696.5 7469.5-7528.5

7469.5-7528.5 7637.5-7696.5

7693.5-7752.5 7525.5-7584.5

7525.5-7584.5 7693.5-7752.5

7273.5-7332.5 7105.5-7164.5 168A

7105.5-7164.5 7273.5-7332.5




7301.5-7360.5 7133.5-7192.5

7133.5-7192.5 7301.5-7360.5

7357.5-7416.5 7189.5-7248.5

7189.5-7248.5 7357.5-7416.5

7280.5-7339.5 7119.5-7178.5

161P

7119.5-7178.5 7280.5-7339.5

7308.5-7367.5 7147.5-7206.5

7147.5-7206.5 7308.5-7367.5

7336.5-7395.5 7175.5-7234.5

7175.5-7234.5 7336.5-7395.5

7364.5-7423.5 7203.5-7262.5

7203.5-7262.5 7364.5-7423.5

7597.5-7622.5 7436.5-7461.5

161O 7436.5-7461.5 7597.5-7622.5

7681.5-7706.5 7520.5-7545.5

7520.5-7545.5 7681.5-7706.5

7587.5-7646.5 7426.5-7485.5

161M 7426.5-7485.5 7587.5-7646.5

7615.5-7674.5 7454.5-7513.5

7454.5-7513.5 7615.5-7674.5

7643.5-7702.5 7482.5-7541.5

161K 7482.5-7541.5 7643.5-7702.5

7671.5-7730.5 7510.5-7569.5

7510.5-7569.5 7671.5-7730.5

7580.5-7639.5 7419.5-7478.5

161J

7419.5-7478.5 7580.5-7639.5

7608.5-7667.5 7447.5-7506.5

7447.5-7506.5 7608.5-7667.5

7664.5-7723.5 7503.5-7562.5

7503.5-7562.5 7664.5-7723.5

7580.5-7639.5 7419.5-7478.5

161I 7419.5-7478.5 7580.5-7639.5

7608.5-7667.5 7447.5-7506.5




7447.5-7506.5 7608.5-7667.5

7664.5-7723.5 7503.5-7562.5

7503.5-7562.5 7664.5-7723.5

7273.5-7353.5 7112.5-7192.5

161F

7112.5-7192.5 7273.5-7353.5

7322.5-7402.5 7161.5-7241.5

7161.5-7241.5 7322.5-7402.5

7573.5-7653.5 7412.5-7492.5

7412.5-7492.5 7573.5-7653.5

7622.5-7702.5 7461.5-7541.5

7461.5-7541.5 7622.5-7702.5

7709-7768 7548-7607

161D

7548-7607 7709-7768

7737-7796 7576-7635

7576-7635 7737-7796

7765-7824 7604-7663

7604-7663 7765-7824

7793-7852 7632-7691

7632-7691 7793-7852

7584-7643 7423-7482

161C

7423-7482 7584-7643

7612-7671 7451-7510

7451-7510 7612-7671

7640-7699 7479-7538

7479-7538 7640-7699

7668-7727 7507-7566

7507-7566 7668-7727

7409-7468 7248-7307

161B

7248-7307 7409-7468

7437-7496 7276-7335

7276-7335 7437-7496

7465-7524 7304-7363

7304-7363 7465-7524




7493-7552 7332-7391

7332-7391 7493-7552

7284-7343 7123-7182

161A

7123-7182 7284-7343

7312-7371 7151-7210

7151-7210 7312-7371

7340-7399 7179-7238

7179-7238 7340-7399

7368-7427 7207-7266

7207-7266 7368-7427

7280.5-7339.5 7126.5-7185.5

154C

7126.5-7185.5 7280.5-7339.5

7308.5-7367.5 7154.5-7213.5

7154.5-7213.5 7308.5-7367.5

7336.5-7395.5 7182.5-7241.5

7182.5-7241.5 7336.5-7395.5

7364.5-7423.5 7210.5-7269.5

7210.5-7269.5 7364.5-7423.5

7594.5-7653.5 7440.5-7499.5

154B

7440.5-7499.5 7594.5-7653.5

7622.5-7681.5 7468.5-7527.5

7468.5-7527.5 7622.5-7681.5

7678.5-7737.5 7524.5-7583.5

7524.5-7583.5 7678.5-7737.5

7580.5-7639.5 7426.5-7485.5

154A

7426.5-7485.5 7580.5-7639.5

7608.5-7667.5 7454.5-7513.5

7454.5-7513.5 7608.5-7667.5

7636.5-7695.5 7482.5-7541.5

7482.5-7541.5 7636.5-7695.5

7664.5-7723.5 7510.5-7569.5

7510.5-7569.5 7664.5-7723.5




8 GHz

8396.5-8455.5 8277.5-8336.5

119A 8277.5-8336.5 8396.5-8455.5

8438.5 – 8497.5 8319.5 – 8378.5

8319.5 – 8378.5 8438.5 – 8497.5

8274.5-8305.5 7744.5-7775.5 530A

7744.5-7775.5 8274.5-8305.5

8304.5-8395.5 7804.5-7895.5 500A

7804.5-7895.5 8304.5-8395.5

8023-8186.32 7711.68-7875 311C-J

7711.68-7875 8023-8186.32

8028.695-8148.645 7717.375-7837.325

311B 7717.375-7837.325 8028.695-8148.645

8147.295-8267.245 7835.975-7955.925

7835.975-7955.925 8147.295-8267.245

8043.52-8163.47 7732.2-7852.15

311A 7732.2-7852.15 8043.52-8163.47

8162.12-8282.07 7850.8-7970.75

7850.8-7970.75 8162.12-8282.07

8212-8302 7902-7992

310D

7902-7992 8212-8302

8240-8330 7930-8020

7930-8020 8240-8330

8296-8386 7986-8076

7986-8076 8296-8386

8212-8302 7902-7992

310C

7902-7992 8212-8302

8240-8330 7930-8020

7930-8020 8240-8330

8296-8386 7986-8076

7986-8076 8296-8386

8380-8470 8070-8160

8070-8160 8380-8470

8408-8498 8098-8188




8098-8188 8408-8498

8039.5-8150.5 7729.5-7840.5

310A 7729.5-7840.5 8039.5-8150.5

8159.5-8270.5 7849.5-7960.5

7849.5-7960.5 8159.5-8270.5

8024.5-8145.5 7724.5-7845.5

300A 7724.5-7845.5 8024.5-8145.5

8144.5-8265.5 7844.5-7965.5

7844.5-7965.5 8144.5-8265.5

8302.5-8389.5 8036.5-8123.5 266C

8036.5-8123.5 8302.5-8389.5

8190.5-8277.5 7924.5-8011.5 266B

7924.5-8011.5 8190.5-8277.5

8176.5-8291.5 7910.5-8025.5

266A 7910.5-8025.5 8176.5-8291.5

8288.5-8403.5 8022.5-8137.5

8022.5-8137.5 8288.5-8403.5

8226.52-8287.52 7974.5-8035.5 252A

7974.5-8035.5 8226.52-8287.52

8270.5-8349.5 8020.5-8099.5 250A

10 GHz

10501-10563 10333-10395

168A

10333-10395 10501-10563

10529-10591 10361-10423

10361-10423 10529-10591

10585-10647 10417-10479

10417-10479 10585-10647

10501-10647 10151-10297 350A

10151-10297 10501-10647

10498-10652 10148-10302 350B

10148-10302 10498-10652

10561-10707 10011-10157 550A

10011-10157 10561-10707




10701-10847 10151-10297

10151-10297 10701-10847

10590-10622 10499-10531

91A

10499-10531 10590-10622

10618-10649 10527-10558

10527-10558 10618-10649

10646-10677 10555-10586

10555-10586 10646-10677

11 GHz

11425-11725 10915-11207

All 10915-11207 11425-11725

11185-11485 10700-10950

10695-10955 11185-11485

13 GHz

13002-13141 12747-12866

266 12747-12866 13002-13141

13127-13246 12858-12990

12858-12990 13127-13246

12807-12919 13073-13185 266A

13073-13185 12807-12919

12700-12775 12900-13000

200

12900-13000 12700-12775

12750-12825 12950-13050

12950-13050 12750-12825

12800-12870 13000-13100

13000-13100 12800-12870

12850-12925 13050-13150

13050-13150 12850-12925

15 GHz

15110-15348 14620-14858

490 14620-14858 15110-15348

14887-15117 14397-14627

14397-14627 14887-15117

15144-15341 14500-14697 644




14500-14697 15144-15341

14975-15135 14500-14660

475 14500-14660 14975-15135

15135-15295 14660-14820

14660-14820 15135-15295

14921-15145 14501-14725

420 14501-14725 14921-15145

15117-15341 14697-14921

14697-14921 15117-15341

14963-15075 14648-14760

315 14648-14760 14963-15075

15047-15159 14732-14844

14732-14844 15047-15159

15229-15375 14500-14647 728

14500-14647 15229-15375

18 GHz

19160-19700 18126-18690

1010 18126-18690 19160-19700

18710-19220 17700-18200

17700-18200 18710-19220

19260-19700 17700-18140 1560

17700-18140 19260-19700

23 GHz

23000-23600 22000-22600 1008

22000-22600 23000-23600

22400-23000 21200-21800

1232 /1200 21200-21800 22400-23000

23000-23600 21800-22400

21800-22400 23000-23600

24UL GHz

24000 - 24250 24000 - 24250 All

26 GHz 25530-26030 24520-25030 1008

24520-25030 25530-26030




25980-26480 24970-25480

24970-25480 25980-26480

25266-25350 24466-24550

800 24466-24550 25266-25350

25050-25250 24250-24450

24250-24450 25050-25250

28 GHz

28150-28350 27700-27900

450 27700-27900 28150-28350

27950-28150 27500-27700

27500-27700 27950-28150

28050-28200 27700-27850 350

27700-27850 28050-28200

27960-28110 27610-27760

27610-27760 27960-28110

28090-28315 27600-27825 490

27600-27825 28090-28315

29004-29453 27996-28445 1008

27996-28445 29004-29453

28556-29005 27548-27997

27548-27997 28556-29005

29100-29125 29225-29250 125

29225-29250 29100-29125

31 GHz 31000-31085 31215-31300 175

31215-31300 31000-31085

32 GHz

31815-32207 32627-33019 812

32627-33019 31815-32207

32179-32571 32991-33383

32991-33383 32179-32571

38 GHz

38820-39440 37560-38180 1260

37560-38180 38820-39440

38316-38936 37045-37676




37045-37676 38316-38936

39650-40000 38950-39300

700

38950-39300 39500-40000

39300-39650 38600-38950

38600-38950 39300-39650

37700-38050 37000-37350

37000-37350 37700-38050

38050-38400 37350-37700

37350-37700 38050-38400

40550-41278 42050-42778

42 GHz11

42050-42778 40550-41278 1500

41222-41950.5 42722-43450

42722-43450 41222-41950.5

11

42GHz support is a roadmap item, parameters and availability are subject to change.



8.8 Mediation Device Losses

12

42GHz support is a roadmap item; parameters and availability are subject to change.

Configuration Interfaces 6-8 GHz 11 GHz 13-15 GHz

18-26 GHz

28-4212 GHz

Flex WG Remote Mount

antenna Added on remote

mount configurations 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.5

1+0 Direct Mount Integrated antenna 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5



8.9 Radio Capacity Specifications

This section includes three sets of capacity specifications:

Capacity without header compression

Capacity with legacy MAC header compression

Capacity with Multi-Layer (enhanced) header compression

Note: Ethernet Capacity depends on average packet size.

8.9.1 Radio Capacity without Header Compression

8.9.1.1 7 MHz Channel Bandwidth

Profile Modulation Minimum required capacity license

Radio Throughput (Mbps)

Ethernet capacity (Mbps) (per average Ethernet frame size)

64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 10 10 12 11 10 10 9 9

1 8 PSK 25 15 18 16 15 14 14 14

2 16 QAM 25 20 24 22 20 20 19 19

3 32 QAM 25 25 30 27 25 25 24 24

4 64 QAM 25 29 35 32 30 29 28 28

5 128 QAM 50 33 41 36 34 33 33 32

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 50 39 48 43 40 39 38 38

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 50 41 50 45 42 41 40 40





64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 25 21 25 23 21 21 20 20

1 8 PSK 25 29 36 32 30 29 29 28

2 16 QAM 50 43 53 47 44 43 42 42

3 32 QAM 50 50 62 55 52 50 49 49

4 64 QAM 50 57 72 64 60 58 57 57

5 128 QAM 100 69 86 77 72 70 69 68

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 100 80 101 90 85 82 81 80

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 100 87 109 97 92 89 87 87







64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 50 41 51 45 43 41 40 40

1 8 PSK 50 55 68 61 57 55 54 54

2 16 QAM 100 78 97 87 82 79 78 77

3 32 QAM 100 105 132 118 111 107 105 105

4 64 QAM 150 130 164 147 138 133 131 130

5 128 QAM 150 158 200 179 168 163 160 159

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 200 176 223 199 187 181 178 177

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 200 186 235 210 197 191 188 187





64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 50 56 70 62 59 57 56 55

1 8 PSK 100 83 104 93 88 85 83 83

2 16 QAM 100 121 152 136 128 124 122 121

3 32 QAM 150 151 191 171 161 155 153 152

4 64 QAM 150 189 239 214 201 195 191 190

5 128 QAM 200 211 267 239 225 217 214 213

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 200 240 303 271 255 247 243 241

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 300 255 324 290 272 263 259 257







64

bytes

128

bytes

256

bytes

512

bytes

1024

bytes

1518

bytes

0 QPSK 100 76 95 85 80 77 76 76

1 8 PSK 100 113 143 128 120 116 114 114

2 16 QAM 150 150 190 170 159 154 152 151

3 32 QAM 200 199 252 226 212 205 202 201

4 64 QAM 300 248 314 281 264 255 251 249

5 128 QAM 300 297 377 337 317 306 301 299

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 400 338 429 383 360 349 343 341

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 400 367 465 416 391 378 372 370



8.9.2 Radio Capacity with Legacy MAC Header Compression




Ethernet capacity (Mbps) with MAC header compression (per average Ethernet frame size)

64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 10 10 13 11 10 10 9 9

1 8 PSK 25 15 20 17 15 15 14 14

2 16 QAM 25 20 28 23 21 20 20 19

3 32 QAM 25 25 34 29 26 25 24 24

4 64 QAM 25 29 40 34 31 29 29 28

5 128 QAM 50 33 47 39 35 34 33 33

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 50 39 55 46 41 39 38 38

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 50 41 57 48 44 41 40 40





64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 25 21 29 24 22 21 20 20

1 8 PSK 25 29 41 34 31 30 29 29

2 16 QAM 50 43 60 50 46 44 43 42

3 32 QAM 50 50 70 59 53 51 50 49

4 64 QAM 50 57 82 68 62 59 58 57

5 128 QAM 100 69 98 82 75 71 69 69

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 100 80 115 96 87 83 81 81

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 100 87 125 104 95 90 88 87







64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 50 41 58 48 44 42 41 40

1 8 PSK 50 55 78 65 59 56 55 54

2 16 QAM 100 78 111 93 85 81 79 78

3 32 QAM 100 105 151 126 115 109 106 105

4 64 QAM 150 130 188 157 142 136 132 131

5 128 QAM 150 158 229 191 174 165 161 160

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 200 176 255 213 194 184 180 178

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 200 186 268 224 204 194 189 188





64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 50 56 80 67 61 58 56 56

1 8 PSK 100 83 119 100 90 86 84 83

2 16 QAM 100 121 174 146 132 126 123 122

3 32 QAM 150 151 218 183 166 158 154 153

4 64 QAM 150 189 274 229 208 198 193 191

5 128 QAM 200 211 305 255 232 221 215 214

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 200 240 347 290 264 251 245 243

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 300 255 370 309 281 268 261 259







64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 100 76 109 91 83 79 77 76

1 8 PSK 100 113 163 137 124 118 115 114

2 16 QAM 150 150 217 181 165 157 153 151

3 32 QAM 200 199 288 241 219 209 203 202

4 64 QAM 300 248 358 300 272 259 253 251

5 128 QAM 300 297 430 360 327 311 304 301

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 400 338 490 409 372 354 345 343

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 400 367 532 444 404 385 375 372



8.9.3 Radio Capacity with Multi-Layer Enhanced Header Compression

Note: The capacity figures in this section are for standard IPv4/UDP encapsulation with double VLAN tagging (QinQ). Capacity for IPv6 encapsulation is higher. A Capacity Calculator tool is available for more detailed capacity specifications. Please contact your Ceragon representative.




Ethernet capacity (Mbps) with Multi-Layer header compression (per average Ethernet frame size)

64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 10 10 34 16 12 10 10 10

1 8 PSK 25 15 51 24 18 16 15 14

2 16 QAM 25 20 71 33 25 22 20 20

3 32 QAM 25 25 87 40 30 27 25 25

4 64 QAM 25 29 103 47 36 31 30 29

5 128 QAM 50 33 118 55 41 36 34 33

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 50 39 138 64 48 42 40 39

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 50 41 146 67 51 45 42 41





64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 25 21 72 33 25 22 21 20

1 8 PSK 25 29 103 48 36 32 30 29

2 16 QAM 50 43 153 71 53 47 44 43

3 32 QAM 50 50 180 83 63 55 52 51

4 64 QAM 50 57 207 96 72 64 60 59

5 128 QAM 100 69 250 115 87 76 72 70

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 100 80 295 136 103 90 85 83

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 100 87 316 146 110 97 91 89







64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 50 41 147 68 51 45 42 41

1 8 PSK 50 55 198 91 69 60 57 56

2 16 QAM 100 78 282 131 98 86 81 80

3 32 QAM 100 105 382 177 133 117 110 108

4 64 QAM 150 130 476 220 166 146 137 134

5 128 QAM 150 158 580 268 202 178 167 164

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 200 176 646 299 225 198 186 182

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 200 186 681 315 237 209 196 192





64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 50 56 202 93 70 62 58 57

1 8 PSK 100 83 302 140 105 93 87 85

2 16 QAM 100 121 442 204 154 135 127 125

3 32 QAM 150 151 554 256 193 170 160 156

4 64 QAM 150 189 694 321 242 213 200 196

5 128 QAM 200 211 775 358 270 237 223 219

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 200 240 880 407 306 269 253 248

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 300 255 938 434 327 287 270 265



8.9.3.5 56 MHz Channel Bandwidth)




64 bytes

128 bytes

256 bytes

512 bytes

1024 bytes

1518 bytes

0 QPSK 100 76 276 128 96 85 80 78

1 8 PSK 100 113 414 192 144 127 119 117

2 16 QAM 150 150 549 254 191 168 158 155

3 32 QAM 200 199 732 338 255 224 211 207

4 64 QAM 300 248 909 420 317 279 262 257

5 128 QAM 300 297 1000 505 380 334 314 308

6 256 QAM (Strong FEC) 400 338 1000 574 433 381 358 351

7 256 QAM (Light FEC) 400 367 1000 624 470 413 388 381



8.10 Ethernet Latency Specifications

8.10.1 Ethernet Latency – 7 MHz Channel Bandwidth

ACM Working Point

Modulation Latency (usec) with GE Interface Latency (usec) with FE Interface

Frame Size

64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518

1 QPSK 918 972 1085 1312 1766 1992 2203 923 981 1103 1349 1840 2084 2312

2 8 PSK 700 736 817 968 1273 1427 1570 705 745 835 1005 1347 1519 1679

3 16 QAM 573 601 656 769 994 1107 1212 578 610 674 806 1068 1199 1321

4 32 QAM 507 530 576 668 852 945 1031 512 539 594 705 926 1037 1140

5 64 QAM 591 611 651 730 889 969 1043 596 620 669 767 963 1061 1152

6 128 QAM 613 630 665 735 875 945 1010 618 639 683 772 949 1037 1119

7

256 QAM

(Strong FEC)

610 625 655 715 836 897 954 615 634 673 752 910 989 1063

8

256 QAM

(Light FEC)

574 588 617 674 790 848 902 579 597 635 711 864 940 1011


ACM Working Point


Frame Size

64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518

1 QPSK 458 488 547 667 907 1027 1138 463 497 565 704 981 1119 1247

2 8 PSK 337 358 397 476 635 714 788 342 367 415 513 709 806 897

3 16 QAM 243 257 286 343 458 515 568 248 266 304 380 532 607 677

4 32 QAM 214 225 249 297 393 441 486 219 234 267 334 467 533 595

5 64 QAM 276 286 307 349 435 477 517 281 295 325 386 509 569 626

6 128 QAM 270 279 297 333 406 442 476 275 288 315 370 480 534 585

7

256 QAM

(Strong FEC)

261 269 285 317 380 412 441 266 278 303 354 454 504 550

8

256 QAM

(Light FEC)

225 233 248 278 338 368 396 230 242 266 315 412 460 505




ACM Working Point


Frame Size

64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518

1 QPSK 233 247 276 333 448 505 559 238 256 294 370 522 597 668

2 8 PSK 185 196 218 262 351 395 436 190 205 236 299 425 487 545

3 16 QAM 136 144 160 193 259 292 322 141 153 178 230 333 384 431

4 32 QAM 106 112 125 151 202 228 252 111 121 143 188 276 320 361

5 64 QAM 120 125 136 158 202 224 245 125 134 154 195 276 316 354

6 128 QAM 113 118 128 147 185 204 222 118 127 146 184 259 296 331

7

256 QAM

(Strong FEC)

120 124 133 151 186 204 221 125 133 151 188 260 296 330

8

256 QAM (Light

FEC)

110 115 123 140 175 192 208 115 124 141 177 249 284 317


ACM Working Point


Frame Size

64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518

1 QPSK 176 187 208 251 338 382 422 181 196 226 288 412 474 531

2 8 PSK 125 133 148 180 242 273 302 130 142 166 217 316 365 411

3 16 QAM 92 98 110 133 179 202 224 97 107 128 170 253 294 333

4 32 QAM 78 83 93 113 152 172 190 83 92 111 150 226 264 299

5 64 QAM 88 92 100 117 151 168 184 93 101 118 154 225 260 293

6 128 QAM 93 97 105 120 152 168 183 98 106 123 157 226 260 292

7

256 QAM (Strong

FEC)

96 99 107 121 151 165 179 101 108 125 158 225 257 288

8

256 QAM (Light

FEC)

87 90 97 111 140 154 167 92 99 115 148 214 246 276




ACM Working Point


Frame Size

64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1518

1 QPSK 220 229 245 279 345 379 410 225 238 263 316 419 471 519

2 8 PSK 164 170 182 206 255 279 302 169 179 200 243 329 371 411

3 16 QAM 139 144 154 173 213 233 251 144 153 172 210 287 325 360

4 32 QAM 119 123 131 148 181 197 212 124 132 149 185 255 289 321

5 64 QAM 139 142 150 164 193 207 221 144 151 168 201 267 299 330

6 128 QAM 138 142 148 161 187 200 212 143 151 166 198 261 292 321

7

256 QAM (Strong

FEC)

143 146 152 164 188 200 212 148 155 170 201 262 292 321

8

256 QAM (Light

FEC)

136 139 145 157 180 192 203 141 148 163 194 254 284 312



8.11 Interface Specifications

Supported Ethernet Interfaces for Traffic 1 x 10/100/1000Base-T (RJ-45) or 1000base-X (SFP)

Supported Ethernet Interfaces for

Management 2 x 10/100/1000Base-T (RJ-45)

Supported SFP Types Optical 1000Base-LX (1310 nm) or SX (850 nm)

8.12 Mechanical Specifications

Module Dimensions (H)355mm x (W)220mm x (D)120mm

Module Weight 7.0 kg

8.13 Power Input Specifications

Standard Input -48 VDC

DC Input range -40 to -60 VDC

8.14 Power Consumption Specifications

Max power consumption 50W



8.15 Environmental Specifications

Specification

Operating Temperature

Temperature range for continuous operating temperature with high

reliability:

-33°C to +55°C

(-27°F to 131°F)

Temperature range for exceptional temperatures; tested successfully, with

limited margins:

-45°C to +60°C

(-49°F to 140°F)

Storage ETS 300 019-2-1 class T1.2, with a temperature range of -25°C to+85°C.

Transportation ETS 300 019-2-2 class 2.3, with a temperature range of -40°C to+85°C.

Relative Humidity 5% to 100%

Altitude 3,000m (10,000ft)



8.16 Outdoor Ethernet Cable Specifications

Electrical Requirements

Cable type CAT-5e STP, 4 pairs, according to ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-2

Wire gage 24 AWG

Stranding Solid

Voltage rating 70V

Shielding Foil

Pinout

Mechanical/ Environmental Requirements

Jacket PVC, double, UV resistant

Outer diameter 7-10 mm

Operating and Storage temperature

range

-40°C - 85°C

Flammability rating According to UL-1581 VW1, IEC 60332-1

RoHS According to Directive/2002/95/EC



8.17 Outdoor DC Cable Specifications

Electrical Requirements

Cable type 2 tinned copper wires

Wire gage 18 AWG (for <75m installations)

12 AWG (for >75m installations)

Stranding stranded

Voltage rating 600V

Spark test 4KV

Dielectric strength 2KV AC min

Mechanical/ Environmental Requirements

Jacket PVC, double, UV resistant

Outer diameter 7-10 mm

Operating & Storage temperature range -40°C - 85°C

Flammability rating According to UL-1581 VW1, IEC 60332-1

RoHS According to Directive/2002/95/EC