Centre of Studies for Romanian Resources - Centrul de Studii · 2012-02-13 · de un tratament corect, \ns` rom=nii din Valea Timocului desemna]i ca vlahi nu se bucur` de drepturile

$Page 1: Centre of Studies for Romanian Resources - Centrul de Studii · 2012-02-13 · de un tratament corect, \ns` rom=nii din Valea Timocului desemna]i ca vlahi nu se bucur` de drepturile$
Centrul de Studii pentru Resurse Române[[email protected]

Realizat cu sprijinul: Uniunea Etnicilor Români din Bulgaria – AVEFedera]ia Românilor din Serbia„Foaia româneasc`“ – revista românilor din Ungaria

report proba 12-09-2007 22:51 Page 2

Centrul de Studii pentru ResurseRom=ne[ti prezint` un prim raportprivind respectarea drepturilor mino-rit`]ilor rom=ne[ti \n statele membre aleConsiliului Europei [i vecine cuRom=nia: Bulgaria, Serbia, Ungaria [iUcraina. De[i \n aceste state exist` olegisla]ie pentru protejarea drepturilorminorit`]ilor, totu[i aceste legi nu suntaplicate. Am adunat aici date publicecare indic` c=t se poate de clar acestfapt. Vom continua s` monitoriz`mrespectarea drepturilor minorit`]ilorrom=ne[ti [i s` inform`m opinia publicàsupra acestei situa]ii.

CCeennttrruull ddee SSttuuddiiii ppeennttrruu RReessuurrssee RRoomm==nnee[[ttii

Center of Studies for RomanianResources presents a first report onhow the minority rights for Romanianminorities are respected in states mem-bers of Council of Europe neighbouringRomania: Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungaryand Ukraine. Even that all these stateshave legislations protecting minorityrights, still these laws are notimplemented. We gathered here publicdata indicating clearly this. We willcontinue to monitor how Romanianminorities rights are respected and toinform the public opinion on theirsituation

CCeenntteerr ooff SSttuuddiieess ffoorr RRoommaanniiaann RReessoouurrcceess

Centre of Studies for Romanian Resources

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nn AApppprreecciiaattiioonn ssccaallee ffoorr rreessppeeccttiinngg tthhee rriigghhttss ooff RRoommaanniiaann mmiinnoorriittiieess

BBUULLGGAARRIIAA SSEERRBBIIAA UUKKRRAAIINNEE HHUUNNGGAARRYYEducation in mother tongue 1 1 2 3Mass-media in mother tongue 1 1 2 3Religion in mother tongue 2 1 1 3Public activity/Public attitude towards Romanians 1 1 1 2

Good – 3; Satisfactory – 2; Unsatisfactory – 1

nn SSccaarraa ddee aapprreecciieerree aa ssiittuuaa]]iieeii rreessppeecctt`̀rriiii ddrreeppttuurriilloorr mmiinnoorriitt`̀]]iiii rroomm==nnee

BBUULLGGAARRIIAA SSEERRBBIIAA UUCCRRAAIINNAA UUNNGGAARRIIAA

Educa]ia \n limba matern` 1 1 2 3Mass-media \n limba matern` 1 1 2 3Practicarea religiei \n limba matern` 2 1 1 3Activitatea public`/Atitudinea public` fa]` de minoritatea rom=neasc` 1 1 1 2

bun` – 3; satisf`c`toare – 2; nesatisf`c`toare – 1


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BULGARIAOficialit`]ile bulgare continu` s` afirme

c` rom=nii din Bulgaria sunt „vlahi“ [i nuau nici o leg`tur` cu identitatea rom=neas-c`. Educa]ia \n limba matern` este practicinexistent` ca [i mass-media \n limbamatern`. Practicarea religiei \n limbamatern` a cunoscut unele \mbun`t`]iri \nanul 2007, \ns` atitudinea public` fa]` deminoritatea rom=neasc` r`m=ne nesatisf`-c`toare. Av=nd \n vedere toate acesteelemente apreciem tratamentul la care estesupus` comunitatea rom=neasc` din Bul-garia ca fiind nesatisf`c`tor.

SERBIASerbia practic` \mp`r]irea comunit`]ilor

rom=ne[ti \n rom=ni [i vlahi. Comunit`]ilerom=ne[ti recunoscute ca atare beneficiaz`de un tratament corect, \ns` rom=nii dinValea Timocului desemna]i ca vlahi nu sebucur` de drepturile unei minorit`]i. Astfelsunt limitate dreptul la educa]ie \n limbamatern`, dreptul la religie \n limba mater-n`, iar mass-media \n limba matern` estepractic inexistent`. Tratamentul la care suntsupuse comunit`]ile rom=ne[ti din ValeaTimocului poate fi apreciat ca nesatisf`c`tor.

UCRAINA|n Ucraina autorit`]ile practic` acela[i

model de \mp`r]ire a comunit`]ii rom=ne[ti\n dou`: rom=ni [i vlahi. De[i educa]ia \nlimba matern` [i mass-media pot fi apre-ciate ca satisf`c`toare pentru comunitatearom=neasc` din Ucraina, totu[i existen]aunor elemente de violen]` \mpotriva ro-m=nilor fac ca tratamentul aplicat ro-m=nilor din Ucraina s` fie unul nesa-tisf`c`tor.

UNGARIA|n general Ungaria respect` stan-

dardele recunoscute la nivel european\n tratamentul minorit`]ilor, iar tra-tamentul minorit`]ii rom=ne[ti de aicieste unul bun.

BULGARIABulgarian officials sontinue to affirm

that Romanians in Bulgaria are „Vlachs“and they are not in any way linked withRomanian identity. Education in mothertongue is non-existent, like mass-media inmother tongue. Religion in mother tonguehas been improved during 2007, but stillthe public attitude towards Romanianminority remains unsatisfying. Taking intoconsideration all these elements weappreciate the treatment to which theROmanian community in Bulgaria issubjected as being unsatisfactory.

SERBIASerbia keeps on splitting the Romanian

communities in Romanians and Vlachs.Romanian communities recognized as suchenjoy a fair treatment, but Romanians livingin Timok Valley designated as Vlachs donot enjoy minority rights. Therefore theright to education in mother tongue, theright to practice the religion in mothertongue are limitted, mass-media in mothertongue being non-existent. The treatment towhich the Romanian communities in TimokValley may be appreciated as unsatisfactory.

UKRAINEUkrainian authorities put into practice

the same model of splitting Romanian co-mmunities in two: Romanians and Moldo-vans. Even that education in mother tongueand mass-media situation might be appre-ciated as satisfactory for Romanian commu-nities in Ukraine, the existence of sporadicelements of violence against Romanianslead to the conclusion that treatment ofRomanians in Ukraine is unsatisfactory.

HUNGARYGenerally speaking, Hungary respects

all standards recognized at an Europeanlevel for minority rights, and the treatmentof Romanian minority here might beappreciated as good.


Limba rom=n` este ceea ne une[te penoi, rom=ni din Rom=nia [i rom=nicare trìesc \n grani]ele altor state,

ceea ce ne define[te ca popor. Tocmai deaceea, \n calitatea mea de reprezentant alcet`]enilor rom=ni \n Parlamentul Europeannu am ezitat s` iau atitudine \mpotrivatentativelor de negare a drepturilor rom=-nilor din afara grani]elor de a \nv`]a [i dea se exprima \n limba matern`. Mai mult,am ini]iat o rezolu]ie a Parlamentului Euro-pean prin care aceast` institu]ie s` sprijineap`rarea limbii rom=ne [i promovareamultilingvismului [i a diversit`]ii culturale.

Am \ncredere c` prin adoptarea acesteirezolu]ii, Parlamentul European [i, implicit,Uniunea European` vor face din aceast`tem` o problem` care s` fie avut` \n vedereat=t pentru politica intern`, c=t [i \n rela]iilecu alte state, state \n care exist` comunit`]ide rom=ni. F`r` o astfel de interven]ierisc`m nu doar negarea \n continuare aunui drept esen]ial pentru minorit`]ile derom=ni din alte state, acela al folosirii limbiimaterne, ci [i denaturarea, pervertirealimbii rom=ne.

Valorile Uniunii Europene ne oblig` s`nu t`cem \n fa]a acestor \nc`lc`ri aledrepturilor omului [i s` lu`m atitudine.Uniunea European`, prin \nfiin]area postuluide Comisar pentru Multilingvism [i prin de-clararea anului 2008 An al Dialogului Inter-cultural, a demonstrat \nc` odat` anga-jamentul fa]` de valorile diversit`]ii culturale[i multilingvismului. Am convingerea càceste valori trebuie promovate nu doar \ninteriorul statelor UE ci [i \n rela]iile cualte state, mai ales atunci c=nd avem \nvedere poten]iale candidate la aderare saustate care sunt incluse \n PoliticaEuropean` de Vecin`tate, a[a cum suntUcraina sau Serbia. Este [ansa noastr` sàr`t`m rom=nilor de pretutindeni c` a fiparte a Uniunii Europene \nseamn` s` aimai mul]i prieteni de partea ta.

RRoberta AANNASSTTASSEE,,membru aal PParlamentului EEuropean

Romanian language is what unites us -Romanians in Romania and Roma-nians in other countries, it is what

defines us as a nation. Therefore, as arepresentative of Romanian citizens inEuropean Parliament I had no hesitations tostand against all attempts to denie therights of Romanians living in othercountries to learn and speak their mothertongue. Moreover, I initiated a motion forresolution of the European Parliament forthis institution to support protecting theRomanian language and promoting multi-linguism and cultural diversity.

I trust that by adopting this motion forresolution, the European Parliament and theEuropean Union will make this problem anissue to be taken into consideration for thedomestic policy, aswell for the relationswith other states where Romanian commu-nities are living. Without such an interven-tion we risk not only the further denial ofone of the fundamental rights for Romanianminorities in other states, that of free useof mother tongue, but also an alteration ofRomanian language.

European Union’s values oblige us notto be quiet on this breaches of humanrights, but to stand for them. EuropeanUnion, by creating the Commissioner forMultilinguism and declaring 2008 the Yearof Intercultural Dialogue, demonstratedonce more its attachment for culturaldiversity values and multilinguism. I amdeeply convinced that these values must bepromoted not only inside European Union,but also in relations with other statesincluded in the European NeighbourhoodPolicy, like Ukraine or Serbia. It is ourchance to prove Romanians from all overthe place that being part of the EuropeanUnion means having many friends on yourside.

RRoberta AANNASSTTASSEE,, Member oof tthe EEuropean PParliament


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„Rom=nii de pretutindeni“- o sintagmìntrat` deja \n limbajul curent dinsocietatea rom=neasc`. Mai apropia]i

sau mai dep`rta]i de sufletele rom=nilor trìtori\n ]ar`, rom=ni confrunta]i \n primul r=nd cuproblemele traiului zilnic, ace[ti „rom=ni depretutindeni“ fac parte totu[i din identitateanoastr` care nu e limitat` de frontiere...

Ce are de f`cut statul rom=n pentruace[tia, dar, mai nou, [i pentru rom=nii dinemigra]ie, mai ales cea recent`, economic`, nespune clar articolul 7 din Constitu]ie. Cum areu[it \ns` s` o fac` p=n` acum, adic` cuinconsecven]`, uneori cu profesionalism, alteorif`r`, nerezist=nd tenta]iei de a politiza adeseaun subiect at=t de sensibil, este o alt` poveste.

Noul statut european al Rom=niei vaschimba \ns` mult din datele problemei. Pentruc` Rom=nia va avea de acum \nainte o seriede p=rghii de influen]` pe care nu le-a avutp=n` acum [i pe care va trebui s` le foloseasc`cu curaj, viziune, vorbind european [i pe bazaunei strategii care s` dep`[easc` orgoliilepolitice m`runte ale unor partide politice saulideri. Un \nalt responsabil dintr-o capitalèuropean` considerat` motor al UniuniiEuropene \mi spunea de altfel \n 2006, atuncic=nd i-am vorbit despre viitorul Rom=niei [iRepublicii Moldova, c` va trebui s` „punem pemasa europenilor, de o manier` transparent` [ipredictibil`, toate punctele de interes aleBucure[tiului“. Pentru c` exist` disponibilitates` se discute, cu inteligen]`, despre oricesubiect considerat complicat, complex saudelicat. {i poate c` vom \nv`]a astfel s` vorbimBruxelles-ului mai r`spicat [i despre faptul c`nu exist` o „limb` moldovenesc`“ [i cÈminescu este ultimul mare poet romantic \nEuropa, recitat [i venerat \n egal` m`sur` laBucure[ti [i Chi[inù.

{i mai e ceva, o lege pentru sprijinirearom=nilor de pretutindeni. O lege pentruprezervarea identit`]ii lor na]ionale, entice,culturale, lingvistice, religioase. O lege pe care[i eu [i al]i rom=ni, din ]ar` sau „depretutindeni“ am g=ndit-o [i care va fi votat`peste pu]in` vreme pentru a doua oar` \nParlament, pentru a intra \n sf=r[it \n vigoare,dup` ce m`runte orgolii politicianiste deBucure[ti i-au fr=nat calea, din fericire pentruscurt` vreme.

TTitus CCORRLåå}EEANNDeputat iin PParlamentul RRom=niei

„Romanians from all over“ - an ex-pression that allready entered theday to day speech of Romanian

society. Closer or not so close to the soulsof Romanians living in Romania, in the firstplace confronting the day to day life,„Romanians from all over“ are part of ouridentity beyond all borders.

What the Romanian state is supposed todo for these Romanians, but also forRomanians in diaspora, especially the recentone, economically motivated, is clearly statedin Romanian Constitution, art. 7. Whatactually managed to do - inconstantly,sometimes professionally, on other occasionsnot so professionally, without resisting thetemptation to often politicize such a sensiblesubject - this is another story.

The new European state Romania willhave from now on means of influence neverhad until now, having to use them in abrave manner, in an European manner andbased on a strategy beyond small politicalegos of political parties or leaders. A highofficial from a country considered to be oneof the EU’s engines said to me in 2006when I spoke about the future of Romaniaand Republic of Moldavia, that we will haveto „present Europe in a transparent andpredictible manner all interrest points ofBucharest“. Because there is a disponibilityto speak about any subject consideredcomplicated, complex or delicate. And maybewe will learn to speak to Brussels moreclearly about the fact that there is no„Moldavian language“ and Eminescu is thelast romantic poet, equally appreciated inBucharest and Chi[inù.

And there is something more - a law forsupporting Romanians from all over. A lawintended to preserve their national, ethnic,cultural, linguistic, religious identity. A lawprojected by me and other Romanians, fromthe country or „from all over“, that will bevoted upon in short for the second time inthe Parliament, in order to be finallyadopted, after small political vanities inBucharest stood in it’s way, fortunatelly notfor long.

TTitus CCORRLåå}EEANNMember oof tthe RRomanian PParliament


O PRECIZARE NECESARå

Unele ]`ri resping acordarea dedrepturi specifice minorit`]ilor pentrucomunit`]i \ntregi care se auto-numescvlahi sau moldoveni (\n Serbia, Bulgaria[i Ucraina) motiv=nd c` aceste co-munit`]i nu apar]in poporului român.Aceast` diferen]` \ntre rom=ni-vlahi-moldoveni este \ntre]inut` artificial pebaza unei confuzii.

„Valah“ a fost denumirea dat` dealte popoare vorbitorilor de limb` ro-m=n` din spa]iul unde ast`zi exist`Rom=nia. Ini]ial denumirea de valah sereferea la popoarele de origine latin`:de exemplu \n limba maghiar` olasz\nseamn` italian, olah \nseamn` rom=n- respectiv \n limba polonez` wlosi\nseamn` italian, woloch \nseamn`rom=n. Mai trebuie amintit faptul c` \ntoate documentele dinainte de secolul alXIX lea rom=nii din Transilvania suntdesemna]i ca „vlahi“ \n toate limbilecare folosite \n acest teritoriu (Walach- german`; olah - maghiar`; blacc -latin`).

Termenul de „valah/vlah“ s-a impusmai ales \n ceea ce prive[te regiuneade la sud de mun]ii Carpa]i - denumit`\n documentele strìne „Valachia/Vla-chia“, \n vreme ce locuitorii ei o nu-meau „}ara Rom=neasc`“. Regiunea dela r`s`rit de Carpa]i a fost denumit` \nmulte documente strìne „Valachia/Vla-chia Mic`“, \ns` denumirea predo-

A FEW NECESSARYREMARKS

Some countries refuse to grant spe-cific minority rights for large commu-nities known as Vlachs or Moldovans(in Serbia, Bulgaria or Ukraine) arguingthat these communities can not beconsidered as Romanians. This diffe-rence among Romanians - Vlachs -Moldovans is artificially maintained dueto a confusion. „Valach-Vlach“ was thename given by other populations forthe Romance - language speakers livingin the region where Romanian stateexists today. At first „Vlach“ referred toLatin origin people: for example inHungarian „Olasz“ means Italian and„Olah“ means Romanian - respectivelyin Polish „Wlosi“ means Italian -„Woloh“ means Romanian. It should bementioned that in all sources prior tothe XIX-th century Romanians living inTransylvania were recorded as „Vlachs“in all languages used here (German„Walach“; Hungarian „Olah“, Latin -„Blacc“).

The name „Vlach“ was most usedwith referrence to the region south ofCarpatian Mountains - recorded as„Valachia-Vlachia“ in foreign documents- while the inhabitants named it „}araRom=neasc` - Romanian Country“. Theregion east of Carpatian Mountains wasnamed in many foreign sources „Va-lachi/ Little Valachia“ - but the mostused name was Moldova. The binding


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minant` a fost „Moldova“. Ceea ce \ileag` pe oamenii trìtori \n toate re-giunile care formeaz` ast`zi Rom=niasunt limba rom=n`, religia cre[tin or-todox`, obiceiurile [i tradi]iile.

De[i \n perioada medieval` Moldovaa fost un stat independent, totu[ilocuitorii ei \ntrebau „[tii rom=ne[te?“ -ceea ce dovede[te faptul c` vorbeaulimba rom=n`. „Limba moldoveneasc`“a ap`rut ca un construct politic \n anul1924, c=nd Uniunea Sovietic` a \ncercats` creeze \n mod artificial un stat„moldovenesc“ la est de Nistru. Ideealui Stalin a fost dus` mai departe p=n`\n ziua de azi de guvernarea comunist`de la Chi[inù care sus]ine \n modpolitic existen]a „limbii moldovene[ti“ -practic identic` cu limba rom=n` - ca [icum \n Germania [i Austria s-ar vorbilimbi diferite.

Faptul c` Serbia, Ucraina [i Bulgariamen]in categoriile de „vlahi“ [i„moldoveni“ - \n realitate vorbitori delimb` rom=n` - nu dovede[te dec=tlipsa inten]iilor de a acorda acestorcomunit`]i drepturi specifice mino-rit`]ilor na]ionale. Este ca [i cum brusc,autorit`]ile rom=ne ar decide c` secuiinu apar]in minorit`]ii maghiare [itrebuie s` primeasc` un tratamentdiferit.

CCeennttrruull ddee SSttuuddiiii ppeennttrruu RReessuurrssee RRoommâânnee[[ttii

links for the people living in all regionsof nowadays Romania are Romanianlanguage, christian - orthodox religionand their common customs andtraditions. Even that during themedieval period Moldova was anindependent state, its inhabitants -named „Moldovans“ - used to ask: „doyou speak Romanian“ - clearlyindicating the language they spoke.„moldovan language“ first came intobeing as a political initiative in 1924when Soviet Union tried to artificiallycreate a „moldovan“ identity and stateeast of river Dniestr. Stalin’s idea wascarried further up to nowadays by theCommunist Party in Chi[inù, suppor-ting politically the existence of„Moldavian language“ - which is in factidentic with Romanian language -something similar to saying that inGermany and Austria there are twodifferent official languages. The veryfact that Serbia, Ukraine and Bulgariamaintain categories such „Vlachs“ and„Moldovans“ - actually Romanian lan-guage speakers - proves the lack ofintentions to grant those communitiesminority rights. It is like suddenly, theRomanian authorities would decide thatSzeklers are not belonging to theHungarian minority living in Romaniaand they should receive a differenttreatment from Romanian authorities.

CCeenntteerr ooff SSttuuddiieess ffoorr RRoommaanniiaann RReessoouurrcceess



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BULGARIA

SSuupprraaffaa]]`̀:: 110.910 kilometri p`tra]iVVeecciinnii:: Grecia 494 km, Macedonia 148km, Rom=nia 608 km, Serbia 318 km,Turcia 240 km PPooppuullaa]]iiee:: 7.322.858DDiissttrriibbuu]]iiee eettnniicc`̀:: bulgari 83.9%, turci9.4%, roma 4.7%, al]ii 2% (recens`m=nt2001)RReelliiggiiee:: Ortodoc[i bulgari 82.6%,Musulmani 12.2%, a]te confesiunicre[tine 1.2%, al]ii 4% (recens`m=nt2001)LLiimmbbii ffoolloossiittee:: bulgar` (limb` oficial`)84.5%, turc` 9.6%, roma 4.1%, altele1.8% (recens`m=nt 2001)

nn DDeemmooggrraaffiiee

Conform primul recens`m=nt alpopula]iei din 1905 \n Bulgaria trìau80.000 de rom=ni, aceea[i cifr` ap`r=nd[i \n 1910. |n 1920 recens`m=ntul\nregistreaz` 57.312 rom=ni, iar \n 1926- 83.746 rom=ni trìau \n Bulgaria.

BULGARIA

AArreeaa:: 110,910 sq kmBBoorrddeerr ccoouunnttrriieess:: Greece 494 km,Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km,Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km PPooppuullaattiioonn:: 7,322,858NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%,Roma 4.7%, other 2% (including Mace-donian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian)(2001 census)RReelliiggiioonnss:: Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%,Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%,other 4% (2001 census) LLaanngguuaaggeess:: Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other andunspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

nn DDeemmooggrraapphhiiccss

According to the first populationcensus in Bulgaria in 1905 were livingapproximately 80.000 Romanians, thesame figure being recorded in 1910. In1920 the population census recorded57.312 Romanians living in Bulgaria; in


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Recens`m=ntul din 1934 a redus lamaxim \nregistrarea rom=nilor: dac` \n1926 la Vidin erau \nregistra]i 42.414rom=ni - la recens`m=ntul din 1934 aufost \nregistra]i doar 1.213. Ultima men-]iune oficial` a rom=nilor \n docu-mentele bulgare datez` din 1965 c=ndau fost \nregistra]i doar 6.000.

Ultimul recens`m=nt, din 2001, nucuprinde categoria rom=ni. Trebuiesemnalat faptul c` la acest recens`m=ntau fost \nregistra]i 156.119 cet`]eni lacategoriile „al]ii“ (69.204), „f`r` etnie“(62.108) [i „necunoscut`“ (24.807). |nlipsa unor cifre oficiale organiza]iileneguvernamentale ale rom=nilor dinBulgaria afirm` c` \n 35 de sate dinzona Vidinului exist` popula]ie vorbi-toare de limb` rom=n` - cifra real` estesupus` impreciziei \n lipsa unuirecens`m=nt, care s` includ` categoriaromâni/vlahi.

nn EEdduuccaa]]iiaa \\nn lliimmbbaa mmaatteerrnn`̀

Legisla]ia Bulgariei ar permite \n-v`]`m=ntul \n limba rom=n` pentrucomunit`]ile rom=ne[ti \ns` din p`cateacest lucru nu s-a \nt=mplat p=n` acumcu sprijinul autorit`]ilor bulgare.Constitu]ia Bulgariei prevede la art 36 -2 c` „cet`]enii a c`ror limb` matern`nu este bulgara au dreptul s` studieze\n [i s` foloseasc` propria limb` al`turide studiul obligatoriu al limbii bulgare“.De asemenea, Legea |nv`]`m=ntuluiafirm` la articolul 8 - 2 c` „Elevii ac`ror limb` matern` nu este bulgara, pel=ng` studiul obligatoriu al limbii

1926 - 83.746. The population census in1934 drastically reduced the number ofRomanians: in 1926 only in Vidin wererecorded 42.414 Romanians - while in1934 a mere 1.213 were recorded. Thelast official recording of Romanians inBulgaria dates back to 1965, when only6.000 were registered.

The most recent census from 2001does not have a category for Ro-manians. It is worth to mention thatduring this census 156.119 citizenswere recorded as: „others“ (69.204);„without ethnic identity“ (62.108);„unknown ethnic identity“ (24.807).Lacking official numbers, non-gover-nmental organizations of Romanians inBulgaria assert that in 35 villages indistrict of Vidin there is a significantRomanian language speaking population- but the real number is prone toimprecision.

nn EEdduuccaattiioonn iinn mmootthheerr ttoonngguuee

Bulgarian legislation would alloweducation in Romanian language forRomanian communities - unfortunatelythis has not happened with the supportof the Bulgarian authorities. BulgarianConstitution states in art. 36 - 2 that:„Citizens whose mother tongue is notBulgarian shall have the right to studyand use their own language alongside thecompulsory study of the Bulgarianlanguage“. The Bulgarian Education Lawstates in art 8-2 that: „Pupils whosemother tongue is not Bulgarian, besidesthe compulsory study of the Bulgarian



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bulgare, au dreptul s` studieze \n limbalor matern` \n afara [colii de stat dinRepublica Bulgaria sub protec]ia [icontrolul statului“. Singura institu]iecare asigur` predarea unor ore \n limbarom=n` este Liceul Rom=nesc din Sofia,cu dou` ore de limb` pe s`t`m=nàv=nd statutul de limb` strìn`.

|n ciuda acestor prevederi legale nuexist` o form` continu` de predare alimbii rom=ne pentru cet`]enii bulgaride origine rom=n`. La ini]iativaorganiza]iilor neguvernamentale alerom=nilor din Bulgaria au fost \nfiin]atec=teva cursuri de predare a limbiirom=ne \n afara programei [colare -cum ar fi cazul [colii generale „P.R.Slaveicov“ din Vidin. Mai mult, exist` \npermanen]` pericolul \nchiderii [colilorde stat cu predare \n limba bulgar` dinsatele locuite de rom=ni - cum a fostcazul \n septembrie 2004 c=ndautorit`]ile bulgare au vrut s`desfiin]eze [colile din satele Delaina [iRabrovo - sate locuite de rom=ni -motiv=nd c` nu exist` destui elevipentru men]inerea [colilor. Totu[i exist`posibilitatea pentru etnicii rom=ni dinBulgaria s` studieze \n Rom=nia pebaza burselor oferite de statul rom=n.

nn MMaassss--mmeeddiiaa \\nn lliimmbbaa mmaatteerrnn`̀

Legisla]ia bulgar` permite existen]apresei \n limba matern` a minorit`]ilorna]ionale - articolul 12 al Legii radioului

language, shall have the right to studytheir own mother tongue outside the stateschool in the Republic of Bulgaria underthe protection and control of the state“.

The only institution to ensure someclasses in Romanian language is the socalled „Romanian Highschool“ in Sofia -were are taught only 2 hours a week ofRomanian language, having the status offoreign language. In spite of the abovementioned legal provisions there is nocontinuous form of teaching Romanianlanguage for Bulgarian citizens ofRomanian orgin. An initiative of RomanianNGO’s put into practice a few Romanianlanguage classes —but outside of theofficial curricula - for example at theelementary school „P. R. Slaveicov“ inVidin.

Added to this situation there is aconstant danger of closure of theelementary schools in the villages with acompact population of Romanians. Thiswas the case in September 2004 whenBulgarian authorities announced theirintention to close down the schools inDelaina and Rabrovo villages - inhabitedby Romanians - arguing that there are notenough children to motivate maintainingthe schools. Still, there is a posibility forRomanian etnics from Bulgaria to studyinRomania due to some scholarships offeredby Romanian government.

nn MMaassss--mmeeddiiaa iinn mmootthheerr ttoonngguuee

Bulgarian legislation allows mass-media in minority languages - accordingto the Law on Radio and Television,


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[i televiziunii arat` c`: „Programeleradio [i de televiziune vor fi emise \nlimba oficial` \n conformitate cuConstitu]ia Bulgariei [i pot fi transmise\n alt` limb` dac` (...) sunt destinatecet`]enilor bulgari a c`ror limb`matern` nu este bulgara“. La articolul49 al aceleia[i legi se arat` c`: „Radioul[i televisiunea na]ional` bulgare vorproduce programe na]ionale [i regionale(...), programe adresate cet`]enilor ac`ror limb` matern` nu este bulgara,inclusiv \n limba lor matern`“. |n ciudaacestor prevederi legale, \n Bulgaria nuexist` programe de radio sau deteleviziune \n limba rom=n` destinatecomunit`]ilor rom=ne[ti.

|ncep=nd cu anul 1993 la Vidina ap`rut ziarul \n limba rom=n` „Timpul“,care a avut o apari]ie neregulat` dato-rit` lipsei fondurilor, fiind un proiect alAsocia]iei Vlahilor din Bulgaria. |nprezent la Vidin mai apare \n limbarom=n` revista „AVE“ editat` deUniunea Etnicilor Rom=ni din Bulgaria- av=nd [i ea o apari]ie neregulat` dinacelea[i motive.

nn PPrraaccttiiccaarreeaa rreelliiggiieeii \\nn lliimmbbaa mmaatteerrnn`̀

Legisla]ia actual` a Republicii Bulgarianu interzice \n prezent \n mod exprespracticarea religiei \n limba matern`. |ns`p=n` \n acest an nu a fost posibil` ]inereaserviciului religios \n limba rom=n`.|ncerc`rile de a sluji \n limba rom=n` alep`rintelui Valentin }vetanov din Rabovaau fost \nt=mpinate cu ostilitate de auto-rit`]ile religioase. Totu[i, pe 28 martie

Art. 12: „The programmes of radio andtelevision broadcasters may betransmitted in another language where:1. they are transmitted for educationalpurposes; 2. they are intended forBulgarian nationals whose motherlanguage is not Bulgarian“. In spite ofthis, in Bulgaria there are no radio orTV programms in Romanian languagefor the Romanian communities. Be-gining with 1993 in Vidin was publishedthe Romanian language newspaper„Timpul“, as a project of the VlachsAssociation of Bulgaria, being issuedirregularly due to lack of funding.Presently in Vidin there is anotherRomanian language publication - „AVE“- a project of Uniunea Etnicilor Rom=nidin Bulgaria - suffering fromindduficient funding aswell.

nn RReelliiggiioonn iinn mmootthheerr ttoonngguuee

Present legislation of Bulgaria doesnot explicitly prohibit the practice ofreligion in mother tongue. Still, up tothis year there was no possibility forkeeping a messa in Romanian language.All attempts to have a messa in Ro-manian of the priest from Rabova,Valentin }vetanov, were met woithhostility from local religious authorities.



11

2007, Mitropolitul Vidinului, Domi]ian, aacordat libertatea de a se ]ine slujbe \nlimba rom=n` \n bisericile de subjurisdic]ia sa unde exist` comunit`]irom=ne[ti.

nn AAccttiivviittaatteeaa oorrggaanniizzaa]]iiiilloorrnneegguuvveerrnnaammeennttaallee

|n Bulgaria func]ioneaz` mai multeorganiza]ii neguvernamentale ale ro-m=nilor. |n luna octombrie 1991 s-aconstituit Comitetul de ini]iativ` pentru\nfiin]area „Asocia]iei Vlahilor dinBulgaria“ (A.V.B.). Ini]ial autorit`]ilebulgare au refuzat \nregistrarea acesteiasocia]ii, \nregistrare care s-a produstotu[i \n urma unui proces la 30 aprilie1992. |ncerc`rile de constituire de filialeale asocia]iei \n alte localit`]i sau de apune bazele unor structuri organizatoricelocale, au generat iritarea [i adversitateaautorit`]ilor bulgare care, \n modconstant [i consecvent, au tergiversatformalit`]ile legale. |ncep=nd cu anul2002 a fost \nfiin]at` o nou` asocia]ie arom=nilor din Bulgaria, denumit`„Comunitatea rom=nilor din Bulgaria“.

De asemenea \n anul 2003 a fost\nfiin]at` Uniunea Etnicilor Rom=ni dinBulgaria AVE. Aceast` asocia]ie aadresat \n luna mai a acestui anConsiliului Europei [i Comisiei Europeneo scrisoare \n care enumer` neres-pectarea drepturilor sale de c`tre statulbulgar. Asocia]iile rom=ne[ti din Bulgariaorganizeaz` anual un festival de dansuripopulare la Vidin, festival care a ajuns laedi]ia a X a \n anul 2007.

Only on 28th of March 2007, Mitropolitof Vidin Domi]ian, granted the freedomfor Romanian language messa inchurches under his jurisdiction werethere are Romanian communities.

nn NNGGOO’’ss aaccttiivviittyy

In Bulgaria are active a few Ro-manian NGO’s. In Octomber 1991 cameinto being the Committee for foundingVlach Association from Bulgaria(A.V.B.). Initially, Bulgarian authoritiesrefused to register this association -registration that occured although aftera trial on 30 April 1992. Attempts toestablish branches of this NGO in othercommunities were met with hostilityfrom local authorities who wereconstantly trying to delay the bu-reaucratic procedures.

Starting with 2002 a new associationwas founded for Romanians in Bulgaria,named „Comunitatea Rom=nilor dinBulgaria“ (Romanians Community inBulgaria). Aswell, in 2003 was foundedUniunea Etnicilor Rom=ni din Bulgaria- AVE (Union of Romanian Ethnics inBulgaria). This association adressed inMay this year a letter to the Council ofEurope and European Commission,presenting the various aspects of Bul-garian state neglegting minority rights.Romanian associations in Bulgaria havean yearly traditional dancing festival inVidin that celebrated his tenth editionin 2007.


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nn AAttiittuuddiinneeaa ppuubblliicc`̀ ffaa]]`̀ ddee ccoommuunniittaatteeaa rroomm==nneeaasscc`̀

De[i nu au existat p=n` acum actede agresiune la adresa etnicilor rom=nidin Bulgaria, totu[i presa de limb`bulgar` public` periodic articoledefìm`toare la adresa rom=nilor. Aces-ta este cazul ziarului „NIE“ din Vidincare \n num`rul din 1 aprilie 2007 acomparat comunitatea rom=nilor cu „ohait` de vampiri“. De asemenea, pu-blica]iile de limb` bulgar` sus]in c` \nBulgaria nu ar exista rom=ni ci vlahi.

nn PPuubblliicc aattttiittuuddee ttoowwaarrddss RRoommaanniiaann ccoommmmuunniittyy

Even that up to now there were noviolent agressions targeted at Romanianethnics in Bulgaria, still Bulgarianmass-media runs from time to timedefamating articles for Romanians. Thisis the case of „NIE“ newspaper in Vidinthat on 1st of April 2007 issuepublished an article comparing theRomanian community in Bulgaria with„a pack of vampires“. Another featureof Bulgarian media is to present thecommunities living in Bulgaria asVlachs, stronglye rejecting any link withRomanian ethnicity.



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SERBIA

SSuupprraaffaa]]`̀:: 88.361 kilometri p`tra]iVVeecciinnii:: Albania 115 km, Bosnia [iHer]egovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km,Croa]ia 241 km, Ungaria 151 km,Macedonia 221 km, Muntenegru 203km, Rom=nia 476 kmPPooppuullaa]]iiee:: 10.150.265DDiissttrriibbuu]]iiee eettnniicc`̀:: s=rbi 82.9%, unguri3.9%, roma 1.4%, yugoslavi 1.1%,bosnieci 1.8%, muntenegreni 0.9%, al]ii8% (recens`m=nt 2002)RReelliiggiiii:: Ortodoc[i s=rbi 85%, Catolici5.5%, Protestan]i 1.1%, Musulmani 3.2%,nespecificat` 2.6%, altele 2.6%(recens`m=nt 2002)LLiimmbbii ffoolloossiittee:: s=rb` 88.3% (limbòficial`), maghiar` 3.8%, bosniac` 1.8%,romanes 1.1%, altele 4.1% (recens`m=nt2002). Not`: limbile rom=n`, maghiar`,slovac`, ucrainean` [i croat` suntoficiale \n provincia Voivodina, limbaalbanez` \n provincia Kosovo

SERBIA

AArreeaa:: 88,361 sq kmBBoorrddeerr ccoouunnttrriieess:: Albania 115 km,Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km,Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia 241 km,Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km,Montenegro 203 km, Romania 476 kmPPooppuullaattiioonn:: 10,150,265NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: Serb 82.9%, Hungarian3.9%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.4%, Yugoslavs1.1%, Bosniaks 1.8%, Montenegrin 0.9%,other 8% (2002 census)RReelliiggiioonnss:: Serbian Orthodox 85%,Catholic 5.5%, Protestant 1.1%, Muslim3.2%, unspecified 2.6%, other, unknown,or atheist 2.6% (2002 census)LLaanngguuaaggeess:: Serbian 88.3% (official),Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany(Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown0.9% (2002 census) Note: Romanian,Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, andCroatian all official in Vojvodina;Albanian official in Kosovo


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Rom=nii din Serbia au fost \n modinten]ionat \mp`r]i]i de autorit`]ile s=rbe\n dou` grupuri: rom=nii din Voivodina(sau Banatul s=rbesc) - c`rora le-a fostrecunoscut` identitatea de rom=ni - [irom=nii din Valea Timocului (saurom=nii din Serbia r`s`ritean`) care aufost \n permanen]` desemna]i deautorit`]i sub numele de vlahi. Siverselestatistici [i aprecieri din cursul secoluluial XIX lea au afirmat existen]a \n Serbiaa unui num`r \ntre 120.000 [i 250.000de rom=ni. Vom prezenta evolu]iademografic` a celor dou` comunit`]i a[acum a fost ea \nregistrat` de autorit`]iles=rbe.

nn RRoomm==nniiii ddiinn VVooiivvooddiinnaa

Conform primului recens`m=nt iu-goslav din 1921 \n Voivodina trìau67.897 de rom=ni, \n 1931 - 78.000; 1948- 59.263; 1953 - 57.218; 1961 - 57.258;1971 - 52.987; 1981 - 47.289; 1991 -38.832; 2002 - 30.520

nn RRoomm==nniiii ddiinn VVaalleeaa TTiimmooccuulluuii

|n statisticile oficiale ace[tia au fost\nregistra]i ca vlahi - iar \n unelestatistici se remarc` faptul c` num`rulvorbitorilor de limb` rom=n` [i care s-au declarat de etnie s=rb` este cu multmai mare dec=t al celor care s-audeclarat vlahi (rom=ni). Astfel \n 1921 \nValea Timocului au fost \nregistra]i159.549 rom=ni; 1931 - 57.000; la


Romanians living in Serbia wereintentionally splited by Serbianauthorities in two groups: Romaniansliving in Vojvodina (or Serbian Banat) -that were officially recognized asRomanians - and Romanians living inTimok Valley (or from Eastern Serbia)permanently treated by Serbianauthorities as Vlachs. All statistics andcensuses from XIXth century recordedin Serbia a number of Romaniansranging from 120.000 up to 250.000.

nn RRoommaanniiaannss iinn VVoojjvvooddiinnaa

According to the first Yugoslaviancensusu from 1921 in Vojvodin lived67.897 Romanians; in 1931 - 78.000;1948 - 59263; 1953 - 57.218; 1961 -57.258; 1971 - 52.987; 1981 - 47.289;1991 - 38.832; 2002 - 30.520.

nn RRoommaanniiaannss iinn TTiimmookk VVaalllleeyy

Romanians living in Timok Valleywere registered as Vlachs - but in somestatistics one can see that the numberof Romanian language speakers thatwere registered with Serbian ethnicidentity is much higher than that ofthose registered as Vlachs. In 1921 inTimok Valley were registered 159.549Romanians; in 1931 - 57.000; during the



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recens`m=ntul din 1948 nu au fost lua]i\n calcul dec=t rom=nii din Voivodina; \n1953 - 198.793 vorbitori de limb`rom=n` [i doar 29.000 de rom=ni; \n1961 au fost \nregistra]i 1.330 rom=ni; \n1971 iar nu au fost \nregistra]i; \n 1981- 135.000 vorbitori de limb` rom=n`, f`rà fi \nregistrat` [i categoria; 1991 -71.536 vorbitori de limb` rom=n` [idoar 16.539 rom=ni; \n 2002 - 59.729vorbitori de limb` rom=n` [i 44.110rom=ni.


|n Valea Timocului rom=nii nu bene-ficiaz` de nici o form` de educa]ie \nlimba matern` sus]inut` de stat \n ciudafaptului c` \n Constitu]ia Serbiei, laarticolul 32 se precizeaz` c` „Membriialtor na]iuni [i ai minorit`]ilor na]ionaleau dreptul la educa]ie \n propria limb`\n conformitate cu prevederile legale“.

Pe de alt` parte, rom=nii din Voi-vodina beneficiaz` de un sistem deeduca]ie \n limba matern` foarte binepus la punct. Astfel, \n Voivodina exist`37 unit`]i de \nv`]`m=nt cu predare \nlimba rom=n`. Mai exist` o [coal`pedagogic` la V=r[e] [i o catedr` delimba rom=n` la universitatea din NoviSad. Programele de \nv`]`m=nt se fac \nlimba rom=n`, de la gr`dini]` p=n` laliceu; de asemenea exist` un Institutunde se fac manualele \n limba rom=n`.Exist` un liceu cu predare complet` \nlimba rom=n` la V=r[e], Liceul „BorislavPetrov Braca“ unde \nv`]au \n anul[colar 2006/2007 93 de elevi grupa]i \n

census of 1948 only Romanians living inVojvodina were registered; in 1953 wereregistered 198.793 Romanian languagespeakers and only 29.000 Romanians; in1981 - 135.000 Romanian languagespeakers but there was no category forRomanian ethnicity; in 1991 were re-gistered 71.536 Romanian languagespeakers and only 16.539 Romanians; in2002 were registered 59.729 Romanianlanguage speakers and 44.110 Ro-manians.


In Timok Valley Romanians have nopossibility to study in their mothertongue with state support, in spite ofthe fact that Serbian Constitutionasserts in Art. 32: „Members of othernations and national minorities have theright to education in their own lan-guage in accordance with law“.

On the other side, Romanians inVojvodina enjoy a fine tunned system ofeducation in mother tongue. Therefore,in Vojvodina exist 37 educationalinstitutions that use Romanian languageas teaching language. Alse there is apedagogical school in V=r[e] and aRomanian language program at theNovi Sad University. Teaching curriculaare using Romanian language fromelementary school up to university level- alse there is an Institut were Ro-manian language text-books areprepared. There is a high-school withfull curricula in Romanian in V=r[e],„Borislav Petrov Braca“, attended by 93


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patru clase. La Alibunar exist` o [coal`voca]ional` cu limba de predare rom=n`,[coala de economie [i comer] „DositejObradovic“ unde sunt \nscri[i 107 deelevi. Limba rom=n` poate fi studiat` laFacultatea de Filozofie din Novi Sad, \ncadrul Departamentului de studiirom=ne, Grupul de studiu pentru limba[i literatura rom=n` [i la Facultatea deFilologie din Belgrad, Departamentulpentru limba [i literatura rom=n`, unde\n anul [colar 2006/2007 s-au \nscris 23de studen]i.


|n Valea Timocului mass-media \nlimba rom=n` apare rar [i cu inter-miten]e, fiind lipsit` \n general de suportfinanciar. Exist` revista „Vorba noastr`“care \ns` are o apari]ie neregulat`. Deasemenea au existat mai multe ini]iativede \nfiin]are a unor mass-mediaelectronice - posturi de radio sau tele-viziune - care au e[uat din lipsafondurilor.

|n Voivodina, situa]ia mass-media \nlimba rom=n` este mult mai bun` datorit`faptului c` presa scris` \n limbileminorit`]ilor din Voivodina este sus]inut`financiar de guvernul Provinciei AutonomeVoivodina - \n limba rom=n` fiind sus]inutastfel s`pt`m=nalul „Libertate“. |nVoivodina mai apar \n limba rom=n`publica]iile „Tinere]ea“ [i „Cuv=ntulrom=nesc“. La nivel audiovizual, massmedia rom=neasc` este prezent` prinemisiuni rom=ne[ti la Radio Novi Sad [iTV Novi Sad 2. |n prezent se difuzeaz` 6

pupils in 2007. In Alibunar there is aneconomic school that uses Romanianlanguage - „Dositei Obradovic“ - with107 pupils. Romanian language may bestudied beside Novi Sad University, atBelgrad University were in 2007 wereregistered 23 students.


In Timok Valley, Romanian languagemass-media is rarely seen, due to lackof funding. There is a magazine „Vorbanoastr`“, printed only occasionaly dueto inssuficient funding. aswell, therewere many initiatives to found someelectronic mass-media - TV and radioprogrammes - that failed for the samereason - lack of money.

In Vojvodina, mass-media situationin Romanian language is much betterthanks to the fact that media outlets inminority languages here are financiallysupported by the government ofAutonomous Province of Vojvodina -one such a publication being theRomanian language weekly „Libertatea“.In Vojvodina there are two more Ro-manian language publications: „Ti-nere]ea“ and „Cuv=ntul Rom=nesc“. Foeelectronic mass-media, there are airedsome Romanian language programmsby Radio Novi Sad and TV Novi Sad.



17

ore de program radio [i \ntre o or` [i oor` jum`tate de program tv \n rom=n`zilnic. Programele BBC \n rom=n` suntretransmise \n comuna Alibunar de RadioFAR pe FM.[20] La nivelul anului 2005 s-au difuzat pe teritoriul provincieiautonome 2 300 de ore de programeradio [i 218 de ore de programe deteleviziune \n limba rom=n`. |n anul 2006a fost \nfiin]at postul de radio Victoria,care emite 24 ore \n limba rom=n` pefrecven]a 96,1 FM program infomativ,muzical, cultural, fiind unicul radiominoritar \n limba rom=n` cu program de24 ore pe zi.


De[i Constitu]ia Serbiei afirm` laarticolul 13 c` „To]i cet`]enii au drepturi[i \ndatoriri egale [i beneficiaz` de aceea[iprotec]ie a statului indiferent de ras`, sex,locul na[terii, limb`, na]ionalitate, religie,credin]e politice sau de alt` natur`“, totu[ic=nd \n luna decembrie 2004 preotul BoianAlexandrovici a ridicat o biseric` \n care a\nceput s` slujeasc` \n limba rom=n` \nsatul Malaini]a autorit`]ile s=rbe aureac]ionat extrem de dur. |n urmaconstruirii acestei biserici, preotul BoianAlexandrovici a primit mai multeamenin]`ri cu moartea. Pe 20 ianuarie 2005primarul satului Malaini]a a emis un ordinde demolare a bisericii. |n urma refuzuluipreotului Boian Alexandrovici de a sesupune acestui ordin, acesta a fost judecat[i condamnat la dou` luni de \nchisoare cususpendare la sf=r[itul anului trecut. |n 23aprilie 2005, c=nd preotul Boian

In 2007 the mentioned stations use torun daily up to six hours a day of radioprograms and one hour and half a dayTV programs in Romanian language.BBC programs in Romanian areretransmitted in Alibunar community byRadio FAR. In 2005 in Vojvodina wereaired 2.300 hours of radio programsand 218 hours of TV programs. In 2006was founded „Victoria“ radio stationrunning a 24 hours program inRomanian, being the sole radio stationof it’s kind.


Even that Serbian Constitution assertsin Art. 13: „Citizens are equal in theirrights and duties and have equalprotection before the State and otherauthorities, irrespective of their race, sex,birth, language, nationality, religion,political or other belief, level odeducation, social origin, property status,or any other personal attribute“, still onDecember 2004, when priest BoianAlexandrovici build a church in Malaini]avillage where he started to held orthodoxmessa in Romanian language, Serbianauthorities had a harsh reaction.Following the construction of this church,priest Boian Alexandrovici received deaththreats. On 20th of January 2005 themayor of Malaini]a village issued anorder of demolition for the church.Following the refuse of BoianAlexandrovici to obey this order, the


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Alexandrovici a \ncercat s` ]in` o slujb` \nlimba rom=n` la Negotin - de fa]` fiindaproximativ 60 de credincio[i - poli]ia s=rbà \ncercat s`-l \mpiedice sus]in=nd c` estevorba de o manifesta]ie neautorizat`. |nprezent \n Valea Timocului se mai afl` \nconstruc]ie dou` alte biserici \n care seinten]ioneaz` s` se ]in` slujbe \n limbarom=n`. |n 18 august 2006, preotul BoianAlexandrovici a adresat loc]iitorului dePatriarh al Bisericii Ortodoxe Rom=neDaniil o scrisoare \n care depl=nge faptulc` preo]ii s=rbi continu` s` dea numes=rbe[tii copiilor rom=ni la botez, aceastachiar \n ciuda opozi]iei p`rin]ilor.

Prin compara]ie, situa]ia din Voivodinaeste mult mai bun`: aici func]ioneaz` 40de parohii rom=ne[ti istorice \n careactiveaz` 42 de preo]i, aflate sub jurisdic]iaEpiscopiei ortodoxe rom=ne „Dacia Felix“cu sediul la V=r[e], condus` de PreaSfin]ia Sa, Daniil Parto[anul, Episcop Vicaral Arhiepiscopiei Timi[oarei. |ncep=nd cuanul 2006, religia \n limba rom=n` a fostintrodus` \n [colile de stat din Voivodina.

nn AAccttiivviittaatteeaa ppuubblliicc`̀ aa rroomm==nniilloorr ddiinn SSeerrbbiiaa

At=t \n Voivodina c=t [i \n ValeaTimocului exist` mai multe organiza]iineguvernamentale [i partide politice careau ca scop p`strarea identit`]ii rom=nilordin aceste regiuni. Num`rul lor este

priest was trialed and sentenced to twomonths in prison on probation. On 23rdof April 2005 when priest BoianAlexandrovici tried to held a messa inRomanian language in Negotin with about60 believers attending the ceremonySerbian police tried to prevent him,arguing that this was an unapprovedpublic manifestation. Now there areunder construction two more chrches inTimok Valley where the parochs intendto held Orthodox messa in Romanianlanguage. On 18th of August 2006 priestBoian Alexandrovici adressed a letter forthe Deputy Patriarch of RomanianOrthodox Church, Metropolit Daniil,complainig about the fact that SerbianOrthodox priests use to name Romanianchildren with Serbian names in spite ofthe opposition of their parents.

Compared to the situation in TimokValley, Romanians in Vojvodina enjoy amuch better situation. Here arefunctioning 40 parishes with 42 priestsunder jurisdiction of Romanian OrthodoxBishopry Dacia Felix from V=r[e], led byHis Holiness Daniil Parto[anul, Bishop ofArchbishopry of Timi[oara. Starting with2006 Romanian language is used inteaching religion classes in schools.

nn PPuubblliicc aaccttiivviittyy ooff RRoommaanniiaannss iinn SSeerrbbiiaa

In Vojvodin and Timok Valley thereare many non-governmenatl organi-zations pursuing the preservation ofRomanian identity in the region. Thereis a high number of organizations like:



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ridicat: Comunitatea Rom=nilor din Serbiadin Voivodina, Partidul Democrat alRom=nilor din Serbia din Timoc, Alian]aRom=nilor din Voivodina, Mi[careaDemocratic` a Rom=nilor din Serbia dinTimoc, Asocia]ia pentru cultura vlahilor-rom=nilor Ariadnae Filum, Federa]iaRom=nilor din Serbia, Centrul de StudiiEtnice, Asocia]ia Rom=nilor Ortodoc[i.

Aceela[i tratament diferen]iat din parteaautorit`]ilor s=rbe se reg`se[te [i \n ceeace prive[te activitatea organiza]iilorrom=nilor - \n Voivodina acestea activeaz`\ncep=nd din anii ‘90, \n vreme ce\nscrierea unei organiza]ii a rom=nilor \nValea Timocului se dovede[te a fi oproblem` p=n` \n ziua de azi. Astfel, maimulte asocia]ii ale rom=nilor din ValeaTimocului au \ncercat \ncep=nd din 2006 s`\nscrie Consiliul Na]ional al Rom=nilor(Vlahilor) din Serbia (CNRS). Autorit`]iles=rbe - mai precis secretarul de stat pentruminorit`]i Peter Ladievici - au refuzat\nscrierea acestui consiliu deoarece \nstatut se prevedea folosirea limbii materne\n Valea Timocului. Federa]ia Rom=nilordin Serbia - organiza]ia umbrel` arom=nilor din Valea Timocului - \mpreun`cu Partidul Democrat al Rom=nilor dinSerbia din Timoc au apelat la justi]iepentru \nscrierea CNRS, reu[indrecunoa[terea acestui organism la \nceputullunii august 2007.

nn AAttiittuuddiinneeaa ppuubblliicc`̀ ffaa]]`̀ ddee mmiinnoorriittaatteeaa rroomm==nn`̀

Din c=nd \n c=nd autorit`]ile publice [imass-media din Serbia au manifest`ri ostile

Romanians Communit in Serbia fromVojvodina, Democratic Party of Ro-manians in Serbia from Timok, Ro-manians Alliance from Vojvodina,Democratic Movement of Romanians inSerbia from Timok, Association forVlach-Romanians Culture AriadnaeFilum, Romanians federation in Serbia,a Center for Ethnic StudiesOrthodoxRomanians Organization.

The same different treatment ofSerbian authorities may be found inwhat regards the activity of Romaniansorganizations - in Vojvodina RomanianNGO’s were founded begining with1990, while registering a Romanianorganization in Timok Valley proves tobe difficult even today. A few RomanianNGO’s from Timok Valley triedbegining with 2006 to register aNational Council for Romanians(Vlachs). Serbian authorities - moreprecisely the state secretary for nationalminorities Peter Ladievici - refused toregister this Council arhuing that itsstatutory act comprised the use ofmother tongue in Timok Valley.Romanians Federation in Serbia - anumbrella organization for Romanians inTimok Valley went to court in order toregister the Council, obtaining theregistration in August 2007.

nn PPuubblliicc aattttiittuuddee ttoowwaarrddss RRoommaanniiaann mmiinnoorriittyy

From time to time, public authoritiesand Serbian mass-media manifest


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fa]` de minoritatea rom=neasc`. Pe l=ng`presiunile la care a fost supus preotulBoian Alexandrovici din partea autorit`]ilor,mass-media din Serbia a publicat o seriede articole ostile fa]` de comunitatearom=neasc`. De exemplu cotidianul Politikaa publicat \n decembrie 2004 un articolreferitor la biserica din M`laini]a \n careafirma c` Cotidianul Politika a apreciat ca:„Este evident c` la aceste \nt=lniri,consacrate numai pozi]iei culturale [ireligioase a valahilor, nimeni nu a invitat[i reprezentan]ii statului nostru Serbia [iMuntenegru, din care reiese c` uniireprezentan]i ai valahilor timoceni uneltescpe ascuns cu unii din cadrul puterii de stata Rom=niei“. Tot Politika a mai publicat \naprilie 2007 o serie de articole ostile fa]`de minoritatea rom=n` din Serbia \nperioada \n care compania rom=neasc`CUPROM \ncerca s` achizi]ioneze firmaRTB Bor.

Cel mai recent incident de aceast`natur` dateaz` din 20 august 2007 c=ndadjunctul pre[edintelui Consiliului Na]ionalal Minorit`]ii Na]ionale Rum=ne, drPredrag Bala[evici [i directorul Federa]ieiRum=nilor din Serbia, Du[an Prvulovici,care se \ntorceau din Rom=nia au fostopri]i de vame[ii s=rbi care \n urmacontrolului au \ncercat s` le interzicìntroducerea \n Serbia a 100 de c`r]i scrise\n limba rom=n`. Vame[ii au motivat càceste c`r]i pot constitui un „material depropagand`“. |n urma protestelor celor doireprezentan]i ai comunit`]ii rom=ne[ti li s-a permis accesul \n Serbia cu c`r]ile scrise\n limba rom=n`.

hostile attitudes towards Romanianminority. beside the pressures on priestBoian Alexandrovici from authorities,Serbian mass-media ran some agressivearticles against Romanians. This is thecase of „Politika“ daily, a major Serbiannewspaper, that in December 2004 hadan article saying that „It is obvious thatduring these meetings, concerning onlythe cultural and religious position ofVlachs, nobody invited representativesof Serbian state, following that someVlachs representatives are plotting withsome Romanian officials“. The samePolitika had in April 2007 a series ofhostile articles towards Romanianminority in Serbia during the timewhen Romanian company CUPROMwas negotiating the take over ofSerbian firm RTB Bor.

The most recent incident of thiskind occured on 20th August 2007when deputy president of RomanianNational Minority Council. dr. PredragBalasevici and director of RomaniansFederation in Serbia Dusan P=rvulovici,who were returning from Romania,were stopped by Serbian custom offi-cers who tried to prevent them frombringing into Serbia 100 books writtenin Romanian language. Serbian customofficers argued that those books maybe „propaganda materials“. Followingthe protests of the two representativesof Romanian community they werefinally allowed to bring into Serbia thementioned books.



21

UCRAINA

SSuupprraaffaa]]`̀:: 603.700 kilometri p`tra]iVVeecciinnii:: Belarus 891 km, Ungaria 103km, Moldova 939 km, Polonia 526 km,Rom=nia (sud) 169 km, Rom=nia (vest)362 km, Rusia 1,576 km, Slovacia 97km PPooppuullaa]]iiee:: 46.299.862DDiissttrriibbuu]]iiee eettnniicc`̀:: ucrainieni 77.8%, ru[i17.3%, beloru[i 0.6%, moldoveni 0.5%,t`tari 0.5%, bulgari 0.4%, unguri 0.3%,rom=ni 0.3%, polonezi 0.3%, evrei 0.2%,al]ii 1.8% (recens`m=nt 2001)RReelliiggiiii:: Ortodoc[i ucraineni -Patriarhatul Kiev 19%, Ortodoc[i (f`r` supunere canonic`) 16%, Ortodoc[i ucraineni supu[iPatriarhatului Moscovei 9%, Greco-catolici 6%, Biserica OrtodoxÙcrainean` Autocefal` 1.7%, Protestan]i,Mozaici, f`r` religie 38%

UKRAINE

AArreeaa:: 603,700 sq kmBBoorrddeerr ccoouunnttrriieess:: Belarus 891 km,Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km,Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km PPooppuullaattiioonn:: 46,299,862NNaattiioonnaalliittyy:: Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%,Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%,Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001census)RReelliiggiioonnss:: Ukrainian Orthodox - KyivPatriarchate 19%, Orthodox (noparticular jurisdiction) 16%, UkrainianOrthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 9%,Ukrainian Greek Catholic 6%, UkrainianAutocephalous Orthodox 1.7%,Protestant, Jewish, none 38%


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LLiimmbbii ffoolloossiittee:: ucrainian` (limb` oficial`)67%, rus` 24%, altele 9% (minorit`]ivorbitoare de rom=n`, polonez` [imaghiar`)


Ca \n Serbia, [i \n Ucraina comunitatearom=neasc` a fost \mp`r]it` \n modartificial \n dou`: rom=ni [i moldoveni,continu=ndu-se astfel practica stabilit` \ntimpul stalinismului. Conform datelorultimului recensamant din 2001, inUcraina, 258.619 dintre persoane au fostrecenzate ca „moldoveni“, iar alte 155.130ca rom=ni.

Recens`m=ntul din 1930 consemna \nactuala regiune ucrainean` Cernù]i227.187 rom=ni. Primul recens`m=ntsovietic \n aceast` regiune din 1959 a\nregistrat 151.435 rom=ni, iar ultimulrecens`m=nt sovietic din 1989 a \nregistrat184.836 rom=ni. Primul recens`m=ntucrainean a consemnat existen]a \n re-giunea Cernù]i a 181.780 rom=ni, dintrecare 67.225 s-au declarat moldoveni. |nregiunea Odessa au fost recenza]i \n anul2001 un num`r de 123.751 moldoveni. |nregiunea Transcarpatia au fost recenza]i \nanul 2001 32.152 etnici rom=ni.


Legisla]ia ucrainean` permite educa]ia\n limba matern` [i exist` [coli cupredare \n limba rom=n` - \ns` autorit`]ileucrainene aplic` o politic` de transformarea [colilor rom=ne[ti \n [coli mixte, dup`care aceste [coli devin exclusiv cu

LLaanngguuaaggeess:: Ukrainian (official) 67%,Russian 24%, other 9% (includes smallRomanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities)


Like Serbia, Ukraine artificially spli-tted the Romanian community in two:Romanians and Moldovans, therebycontinuing a prectice from Soviet times.Accordin to the last census form 2001 inUkraine, 258.619 citizens were registeredas Moldovans and 155.130 citizens wereregistered as Romanians. The censusfrom 1930 registered in the nowadaysCernù]i region 227.187 Romanians. Thefirst Soviet census in this region in 1959registered 151.435 Romanians, and thelast Soviet census in 1989 registeredhere 184.836 Romanians. The firstUkrainian census registered in Cernù]iregion 181.780 Romanians - amongwhich 67.225 were registered asMoldovans. In Odessa region wereregistered in 2001 123.751 citizens asMoldovans. In Transcarpatia region in2001 were registered 32.152 Romanians.


Ukraine’s legislation allows educationin mother tongue and there are schoolsusing Romanian language - but Ukrainianauthorities put into prectice a policy oftransforming Romanian schools in mixedschools, afterwards transforming them



23

predare \n limba ucrainean`. Mai exist`de asemenea tendin]a de a desfiin]a[colile cu predare \n limba rom=n` subpretextul lipsei de elevi. De asemeneaautorit`]ile sunt reticente \n a \nfiin]a clasesau [coli cu predare \n limba rom=n` \nlocalit`]i locuite compact de rom=ni.

|n 1997 \n regiunea Odesa existau 13[coli cu predare \n limba rom=n`, 4 [colimixte [i \n alte patru [coli cu predare \nlimba rus` existau [i ore cu predare \nlimba rom=n`. |n anul 2003 raportul s-amodificat: 9 [coli cu predare exclusiv \nlimba rom=n` [i 9 [coli mixte. |nregiunea Cernù]i \n anul de \nv`]`m=nt2005-2006 existau 82 de [coli rom=ne[ti [i6 [coli mixte. |n anul 2002 \n regiuneaCernù]i existau 83 de [coli cu predare \nlimba rom=n` [i 9 cu predare mixt`, iar\n anul 2000 existau 86 de [coli cupredare \n limba rom=n` [i 6 cu predaremixt` - ceea ce confirm` \nc` o dat`tendin]a expus` mai sus a autorit`]ilorucrainene. |n Transcarpatia func]ioneaz`11 [coli cu predare \n limba rom=n` [i 2[coli mixte, iar [coala 2 din Slatina a fosttransformata \n liceul rom=nesc \n anul2003.

Fenomenul lipsirii de [coli \n limbarom=n` \n localit`]ile locuite compact derom=ni se prezint` astfel: \n raionulHliboca \n satul Corce[ti din 1.538 depersoane 1.385 s-au declarat rom=ni, 13 -moldoveni [i ucraineni, \n satul Tureatca- din 1.748 de locuitori 1.591 s-au declaratrom=ni, 7 - moldoveni [i 140 ucrainenietc. |n aceste localit`]i sluba se ]ine \nlimba rom=n`, \ns` la [coal` predarea este\n limba ucrainean`. |n satul Volcine]ii

into schools with classes only in Ukrai-nian language. There is another policy ofclosing schools with classes in Romanianlanguage under the motivation of lownumber of students, thos existent beingtrasferred to Ukrainian language schools.At the same time Ukrainian authoritiesare reluctant in allowing classes or newschools in Romanian language in placesinhabited by compact Romanian co-mmunities.

In 1997 in Odessa region there were13 schools with Romanian languageclasses, 4 mixed schools and other 4schools in Russian language that hadclasses in Romanian. In 2003 the situationwas as follows: 9 schools in Romanianlanguage and 9 mixed schools, anevolution confirming the tendencies statedabove. In 2002 in Cernù]i region therewere 83 schools in Romanian languageand 9 mixed schools, compared with theyear 2000 when there were 86 schools inRomanian and 6 mixed schools - anothercase proving the policy of Ukrainianauthorities. In Transcarpatia region are 11Romanian language schools and 2 mixedschools, the school from Slatina beingtransformed into a highschool in 2003.

The policy of refusing the foundationof new schools using Romanian languagein places inhabited by large Romaniancommunities is proved by the next facts:in Hliboca administrative region, Corce[tivillage out of 1.538 citizens 1.385registered as Romanians; in Tureatcavillage out of .1738 inhabitants 1.591registered as Romanians. In these villagesthe messa is in Romanian, but the


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Vechi din 1.972 de persone 879 s-audeclarat rom=ni, 2 moldoveni, iar 1.060 -ucraineni, \n St=rcea din 1.156 de locuitori500 s-au declarat rom=ni, 2 - moldoveni,iar 631 - ucraineni, G=rbov`] - din 933 delocuitori - 282 s-au declarat rom=ni, 7 -moldoveni, 634 - ucraineni. |n acestelocalit`]i [i [coala [i biserica functioneaz`doar \n limba ucrainean`.

Pe 9 ianuarie 2007 la o consf`tuire laDirec]ia de \nv`]`m=nt a ConsiliuluiOr`[enesc Cernù]i s-a anun]at \nchiderea[colilor nr. 10 [i 13 din Cernù]i, cupredare integral` \n limba rom=n`, [itransferarea elevilor la [coala Medie nr29, cl`direa Scolii nr. 10 urm=nd s` fierepartizat` pentru o gr`dini]` de copii.Hot`r=rea ar urma s` intre \n vigoarepentru anul [colar 2007/2008. P`rin]iicopiilor din aceste [coli au depus \n lunamartie o peti]ie cu 414 semn`turi princare au cerut men]inerea [colilor cupredare \n limba rom=n`.


Mass-media \n limba rom=n` are oreprezentare destul de bogat` - \ns` seconfrunt` cu numeroase probleme. Ceamai mare problem` este finan]areapublica]iilor \n limba rom=n` - din aceast`cauz` multe reviste sau ziare av=nd apari]iineregulate. Necesitatea \nregistr`rii laautorit`]ile locale a publica]iilor scrisegenereaz` [i ingerin]e din parteaautorit`]ilor ucrainene. Printre publica]iilecare apar la Cernù]i \n limba rom=n` senum`r`r: ziarele „Concordia“, „ZorileBucovinei“; ziare cu apari]ie neregulat`

schooling language is Ukrainian. InVolcine]ii Vechi village out of 1.972inhabitants 879 registered as Romanians,in St=rcea village out of 1.156 inhabitants500 registered as Romanians, G=rbov`]village out of 933 inhabitants 282 re-gistered as Romanians. In these villagesthe church messa and schooling languageis exclusively Ukrainian.

On 9th of January 2007 during themeeting of the Education Directorate inthe Local Council of the Cernù]i city wasannounced the closure of schools 10 and13 in Cernù]i were schooling was inRomanian. The children attending thoseschools were to be transferred to school29 were they should start to be taught inUkrainian. This decision was due to beput into effect begining with 2008. Theparents and children affected by thisdecision signed a petition asking thatschools intended to be closed should bemaintained.


Mass-media in Romanian languagehas a pretty large presence - still con-frounting a lot of problems. The biggestproblem is funding the publications inRomanian language - most of these beingissued iregularly. The obligation ofregistering written media with localauthorities generates also influences fromUkrainian authorities. Among Romanianlanguage media printed in Cernù]i are:newspapers „Concordia“, „Zorile Bu-covinei“, „Junimea“, „Arca[ul“; childremagazine „F`gurel“; cultural almanach



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„Junimea“ [i „Arca[ul“, revista pentru copii„F`gurel“, almanahul cultural-literar „}arafagilor“, revista trimestrial` „Septentrionliterar“, ziarul „Libertatea cuv=ntului“,ziarul „Clopotul Bucovinei“. |n regiuneaTranscarpatia mass media sunt repre-zentate prin emisiunile de televiziune \nlimba rom=n` „Zi de zi“ [i „Telerevistas`pt`m=nii“, iar la radio emisunea zilnica„Plaiul meu natal“. Tot aici mai exist` [ipublica]ia „Maramure[enii“ care areapari]ie s`pt`m=nal`.


De[i legisla]ia Ucrainean` permite prac-ticarea religiei \n limba matern` prin ar-ticolul 6 al Legii privind minorit`]ilena]ionale care „garanteaz` minorit`]ilorna]ionale (...) exercitarea religiilor lor“totu[i au existat probleme grave - mai ales\n regiunea Odesa. |n parohia satului Ca-m=[ovka (Hagi Curda) exist` de mai mul]iani un conflict \n cadrul c`ruia preotulAnatol Curtev, parohul bisericii Sfin]iiPetru [i Pavel, a fost agresat \n repetater=nduri, f`r` ca autorit`]ile ucrainene sìntervin` sau s`-i identifice [i s`-ipedepseasc` pe f`pta[i. P`rintele AnatolCurtev este supus Mitropoliei Basarabiei [iBucovinei care ]ine de Patriarhia BisericiiOrtodoxe Rom=ne, iar preotul AlexeiGrecu care ]ine de Patriarhia Moscovei aavut \n repetate r=nduri ciocniri dure cuAnatol Grecu datorit` supunerii canonice acelui din urm`.

La data de 9 aprilie 2006 preotulAnatol Curtev a fost b`tut de mai multepersoane neidentificate \n gara din ora[ul

„}ara Fagilor“; „Septentrion literar“magazine; „Libertatea Cuv=ntului“,„Clopotul Bucovinei“. In Transcarpatiaregion mass-media in Romanian languageis represented by: daily TV programs „Zide zi“ and weekly „Telerevista s`p-t`m=nii“, daily radio program „Plaiul meunatal“ and weekly magazine „Mara-mure[enii“.


Even that Ukraine’s legislation allowspracticing the religion in mother tongueby art. 6 of the Law for nationalminorities which „guarantees the nationalminorities (...) the free practice of theirreligion“, in this respect there are stillserious problems, especially in Odessaregion. In Cam=[ovka (Hagi Curda)village parish there is an ongoing conflictfrom a few years, during which priestAnatol Curtev was subjected to phisicalagression on many occasions, Ukrainianauthorities failing to protect him of topursue the perpretators. Priest AnatolCurtev is linked to Mitropoly ofBessarabia and Bucovina, part of theOrthodox Church of Romanian and theconflict between him and priest AlexeiGrecu (subject of the MoscowPatriarchate) started because of his linkto the Romanian church.

On 9th of April 2006 priest AnatolCurtev was beaten by many unidentifiedpersons while waiting in the central


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Ismail. Pl=ngerile depuse la poli]ie aur`mas f`r` urm`ri. Epitropul bisericii Sfin]iiApostoli Petru [i Pavel din Hagi Curda,Vasile Iord`chescu a afirmat c` „Rom=niidin Sudul Basarabiei sunt discrimina]i,limita]i \n drepturi, marginaliza]i, indiferentde rezultatele alegerilor parlamentare saugenerale, \n special atunci c=nd este vorbade valorile noastre na]ionale: limb`,cultur`, credin]`“.

|n noaptea de 18 iunie 2006, treiindivizi masca]i au atacat casa \n care seafla p`rintele Anatol Curtev, sp`rg=ndgeamurile [i amenin]=nd c` o vorincendia. Poli]ia local` a refuzat sìntervin`. Actele de agresiune din cursulanului precedent au fost precedate de oserie de alte manifest`ri asem`n`toare: pe17 iunie 2003 au fost b`tu]i enoria[iibisericii; la 21 iulie 2003, preotul a fostlegat de o ma[in` [i amenin]at c` va fit=r=t p=n` va muri; la 6 iulie 2004 a fostspart` u[a bisericii [i icoanele au foststropite cu motorin`; la 9 mai 2005 li s-ainterzia enoria[ilor s` intre \n cimitir, iarpreotul a fost b`tut cu aceast` ocazie; \n2006 \n timpul slujbei de |nviere \nbiserica au fost introduse gaze toxice.

nn AAccttiivviittaatteeaa ppuubblliicc`̀ aa rroomm==nniilloorr ddiinn UUccrraaiinnaa

Rom=nii din Ucraina sunt reprezenta]i\n Parlamentul de la Kiev de deputatulIoan Popescu, care a fost ales pe listelePartidului Regiunilor. |n afar` de aceast`reprezentare etnicii rom=ni din Ucraina

station of Ismail city. The complaintsforwarded to the local police were notresoved. The laic representative of theRomanian church in Hagi Curda, VasileIord`chescu stated that „Romanians insouth Bessarabia are being discriminated,hav limited rights, they are marginalized,regardless of the outcome of par-liamentary or local elections, moreoverwhen it comes to our national values:language, culture, religion“.

During the night of 18 June 2006,three persons wearing masks on theirfaces atacked the house were priestAnatol Curtev slept, breaking the windowsand threatening to set the house on fire.Local police refused to intervene. Theagressions from the last year werepreceded by many other similar acts: on17th of June 2003 the believers werebeaten; on 21st of July 2003 the priestwas tied to a car and threatened to bedragged to death; on 6th of June 2004the church door was broken and theicons on the walls vandalized; on 9th ofMay 2005 the believers were denied theacces into the cemetery, the priest beingbeaten on this occasion; in 2006 duringthe Eastern Messa toxic fumes wereintroduced into the curch.

nn PPuubblliicc aaccttiivviittyy ooff RRoommaanniiaannss iinn UUkkrraaiinnee

Romanians in Ukraine are repre-sented in the Kyiv Rada by Ioan Po-pescu, who was elected on Regions Partylists. Beside this central representative,Romanian ethnics in Ukraine have a



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sunt asocia]i \ntr-un num`r mare deasocia]ii [i organiza]ii neguvernamntale. |nregiunea Cernù]i exist` Alian]a Cre[tin-Democrat` a Rom=nilor din Ucraina,Asocia]ia {tiin]ifico-Pedagogic` din Ucraina„Aron Pumnul“, Societatea pentru CulturaRom=neasc` „Mihai Eminescu“, LigaTineretului Rom=n din Bucovina „Ju-nimea“, Societatea Victimelor RepresaliilorStaliniste „Golgota“, Asocia]ia Cultural-Sportiv` „Drago[ Vod`“, Centrul Buco-vinean Independent de Cercet`ri Actuale,Societatea de binefacere „Casa LimbiiRom=ne“, Uniunea Interregional` „Comu-nitatea rom=neasc` din Ucraina“. |nTranbscarpatia activeaz` Asocia]ia social-cultural` „George Co[buc’’, Societateacultural` „Ioan Mihaly de Ap[a“, UniuneaRegional` „Dacia“, Societatea TineretuluiRom=n „Mihai Eminescu“, Asocia]iaPrim`riilor rom=ne[ti din dreapta Tisei. |nregiunea Odesa activeaz` Asocia]iaNa]ional-Cultural` „Basarabia“ a Romanilordin regiunea Odesa [i Ansamblul Folcloric„Dor Basarabean“. Aceast` organiza]ieinten]ioneaz` s` \nfiin]eze un CentruRegional Odesa pentru Cultura Ro-m=neasc`. Demersurile pentru \nfiin]areaacestui centru au fost demarate \nc` dinanul 2005 \ns` p=n` \n prezent ComisiaPermanent` \n domeniile legalit`]ii, ordiniijuridice, drepturilor cet`]enilor [i rela]iilorinterna]ionale a Consiliului Regional Odesaa respins cererea \naintat` de conduc`toriiansamblului \n colaborare cu reprezentan]iiUniunii Interregionale „ComunitateaRom=neasc` din Ucraina“, constat=nd cafiind inutil` \nfiin]area unui centru culturalal rom=nilor din sudul Basarabiei.

large number of non-governmentalorganizations. In Cernù]i region may befound: Christian-Democratic Alliance ofRomanians in Ukraine; „Aron Pumnul“Scientific and Pedagogical Association;„Mihai Eminescu“ Society for RomanianCulture; Romanian Youth League inBucovina „Junimea“; Society for Victimsof Stalinist Reprisals „Golgota“; „Drago[-Vod`“ Cultural and Sports Association;Bucovina Center for Recent Research;Charity Association „Casa LimbiiRom=ne“; Inter-regional Union „RomanianCommunity in Ukraine“. In Transcarpatiathere are active „George Co[buc“CulturalAssociation; „Ioan Mihaly de Ap[a“Cultural Association; Regional Union„Dacia“; Romanian Youth Society „MihaiEminescu“. In Odessa region are:„National and Cultural Association„Basarabia“ of Romanians in Odessaregion; Folklore Society „DorBasarabean“. The last society has theintention of founding „Odessa RegionalCenter for Romanian Culture“. The legalsteps to register this center were madebegining with 2005, but up to now theLegal Commission of the OdessaRegional Council rejected the requestfrwarded by the leaders of FolkloreSociety „Dor Basarabean“ together withInter-regional Union „Romanian Co-mmunity in Ukraine“, saying that thefounding of a cultural center ofRomanians in south Bessarabia is„useless“.


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UNGARIA

SSuupprraaffaa]]`̀:: 93.030 kilometri p`tra]iVVeecciinnii:: Austria 366 km, Croa]ia 329km, Rom=nia 443 km, Serbia 151 km,Slovacia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km,Ucraina 103 kmPPooppuullaa]]iiee:: 9.956.108DDiissttrriibbuu]]iiee eettnniicc`̀:: unguri 92.3%, roma1.9%, al]ii 5.8% (recens`m=nt 2001)RReelliiggiiii:: Catolici 51.9%, Calvini[ti 15.9%,Luterani 3%, Greco-catolici 2.6%, alteconfesiuni cre[tine 1%, altele 11.1%(recens`m=nt 2001)LLiimmbbii ffoolloossiittee:: maghiar` (limb` oficial`)93.6%, altele 6.4% (recens`m=nt 2001)


Conform recens`m=ntului din anul2001 \n Ungaria [i-au declarat apar-tenen]a la etnia rom=n` un num`r de7.995 de oameni, iar vorbitori de limb`

HUNGARY

AArreeaa:: 93,030 sq km BBoorrddeerr ccoouunnttrriieess:: Austria 366 km,Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km,Serbia 151 km, Slovakia 677 km,Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 kmPPooppuullaattiioonn:: 9,956,108Nationality: Hungarian 92.3%, Roma1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001census) RReelliiggiioonnss:: Roman Catholic 51.9%,Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, GreekCatholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%,other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated14.5% (2001 census)LLaanngguuaaggeess:: Hungarian 93.6%, other orunspecified 6.4% (2001 census)


According to the 2001 census inHungary a number of 7.995 citizensregistered as Romanian ethnics, while8.482 registered as Romanian language



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rom=n` s-au declarat 8.482. La recen-s`m=ntul din 1990 s-au declarat etnicirom=ni 10.740 persoane [i vorbitori delimb` rom=n` doar 8.730. Lideriiorganiza]iilor neguvernamentale rom=-ne[ti sus]in c` num`rul rom=nilor dinUngaria este \n jur de 20-25.000 demembri. Localit`]ile \n care azi trìe[temajoritatea rom=nilor din Ungaria seg`sesc, de la Mure[ p=n` dincolo deCri[ul-Repede, de-a lungul frontiereidintre Ungaria [i Rom=nia, respectiv \nBudapesta, unde trìesc aproximativ1.200 de etnici rom=ni.


Legisla]ia maghiar` permite \nv`]`-m=ntul \n limba matern`. |n Ungariafunc]ioneaz` 11 [coli generale cupredare \n limba rom=n` la Aletea,B`tania, Bedeu, Chitighaz, Micherechi,Otlaca-Pust`, Apateu, Cenadul Unguresc,Leucu[haz, S`cal, Jaca. De asemenea laGiula exist` un liceu, Nicolae B`lcescu,cu predare \n limba rom=n`. |nv`]`m=ntsuperior \n limba rom=n` exist` laUniversitatea din Seghedin, InstitutulPedagogic „Juhasz Gyula“, unde func]io-neaz` o catedra de Rom=n`.

|n ceea ce prive[te \nv`]`m=ntul aexistat \n [nul 2006 un episod \n careorganiza]iile rom=ne[ti [i-au exprimatdezaprobarea fa]` de Ministerul|nv`]`m=ntului. La 10 mai 2006, \ncadrul probei de bacalaureat la istorie,elevilor de origine rom=n` li s-a pus\ntrebarea: „Argumenta]i pe scurtcauzele pentru care se poate considera

native speakers. During the 1990 cen-sus 10.740 citizens registered asRomanian ethnics and 8.730 registeredas Romanian language native speakers.Leadres of ROmanian NGO’s inHungary affirm that the number ofethnic Romanians living in Hungary isapproximately 20.000 citizens. The citiesand villages inhabited by Romaniansmay be found along Hungarian-Romanian border, while 1.200 citizensof Romanian origins live in Budapest.


Hungarian legislation allows edu-cation in mother tongue. In Hungarythere are 11 elementary schools usingRomanian language in Aletea, B`tania,Bedeu, Chitighaz, Micherehi, Otlaca-Pust`, Apateu, Cenadul Unguresc,Leucu[haz, S`cal, Jaca. Aswell in Giulathere is „Nicolae B`lcescu“ high-schoolteaching in ROmanian language. Atuniversity level, Romanian languagemay be studied at Szeged Universitywhere there is a Romanian Department.

In what regards the educatioan,during 2006 there was an incident whenRomanian NGO’s expressed disapprovalwith Ministry of Education. On 10thMay 2006, during the final exams inhistory, pupils of Romanian originswere asked to „motivate briefly thecauses for which may be considered asincorrect form an ethnic point of viewthe provisions of the Trianon Treaty


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injust` din punct de vedere etnic aceaparte din tratatul de pace de la Trianon,care fixa grani]ele noi ale Ungariei.“ Maimulte organiza]ii [i institu]ii (printre careEpiscopia Ortodox` Rom=n` din Ungaria;Uniunea Cultural` a Rom=nilor dinUngaria; Coali]ia Rom=nilor din Ungaria;Funda]ia pentru Cultura Rom=n` dinUngaria; revista „Foaia rom=neasc`“;Autoguvernarea Rom=neasc`, sectorul V,Budapesta; Asocia]ia Femeilor OrtodoxeRom=ne din Budapesta; Asocia]iaTinerilor Ortodoc[i Rom=ni dinBudapesta; Autoguvernarea Rom=neasc`,sectorul VII, Budapesta; Catedra delimba [i literatur` rom=n` a Universit`]iidin Seghedin; Autoconducerea Rom=-neasc` din Seghedin, revista„Convie]uirea“) au \naintat un protestMinisterului |nv`]`m=ntului de laBudapesta. Ministrul |nv`]`m=ntuluiHiller Istvan a r`spuns printr-o scrisoare\n care afirma c`: „voi lua m`suri caCentrul Na]ional de Examene [i Evaluarepentru \nv`]`m=ntul Public s` atragàten]ia comisiilor de specialitate careelaboreaz` subiectele de la exameneasupra acestui fapt, iar \n munca deelaborare a subiectelor de examene s`fie aten]i la o exprimare c=t mai exact`“.


|n regiunea Seghedin este difuzat unprogram radio \n limba rom=n` sus]inutde Radiodifuziunea maghiar` \nc` dinanul 1980. Redac]ia este la Seghedin [i\n prezent se confrunt` cu o lips` depersonal. De asemenea exist` aici [i o

which modified the borders ofHungary“. Some organizations andinstitutions (as Romanian OrthodoxBishopry in Hungary, Cultural Union ofRomanians in Hungary, RomaniansCoalition in Hungary, Foundation forRomanian Culture in Hungary, „FoaiaRom=neasc`“ magazine; Romanian Self-government in Budapest; OrthodoxWomen Association in Budapest; YouthOrthodox Association in Budapest;Romanian Self-government in Szeged;„Convie]uirea“ magazine) forwarded aprotest to the Ministry of Education inBudapest. the minister of educationIstvan Hiller answered in a publicletter, asserting that „will take measuresthat the National Center for Exams andEvaluation for Public Education to drawattention the commissions in chargewith exam questionnaires on this factand in their future activity to pay moreattention for a precise formulation“.


In Szeged region is aired a radioprogram in Romanian language suppor-ted by the Hungarian Radio beginingwith 1980. Romanian redaction islocated in Szeged and in present ischallenged by an acute lack of



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redac]ie de televiziune \n limba rom=n`\ncep=nd din anul 1982, care emites`pt`m=nal timp de 26 de minute.Emisiuni realizate \n limba rom=n` setransmit pe re]eaua de cablu la B`tania,Bichi[ciaba, Chitighaz [i la Giula. Pro-gramul Televiziunii Rom=ne poate firecep]ionat aproape \n toate localit`]ilepopulate de rom=nii din Ungaria. Capres` scris` \n Ungaria exist` \n limbarom=n` revista „Foaia rom=neasc`“,Editura de pres` [i c`r]i „NOI“, revista„Convie]uirea“ [i revista „Jurnalul“.


|n Ungaria a fost \nfiin]at` \nc` dinanul 1946 o Episcopie a BisericiiOrtodoxe Rom=ne, care func]ioneaz` [i\n prezent. Aceast` Episcopie are \nsubordine 21 de parohii \n localit`]ilepopulate de rom=ni: Aletea, Apateu,B`tania, Bichi[, Bichi[ciaba, Budapesta,Cenadul Unguresc, Ciorva[, Chitighaz,Cr=stor, Darva[, Giula - Ora[ul MareRom=nesc, Giula - Ora[ul Mic Rom=-nesc, Jaca, Leucu[haz, Micherechi,Otlaca-Pust`, Peterd, S`cal, Seghedin,Vecherd.

Pe 23 iulie 2007 biserica ortodox`din Bichi[ciaba a fost vandalizat` [iincendiat`. Autorit`]ile maghiare aurezolvat cu promptitudine cazul: pe 26iulie s-a anun]at c` a fost descoperitf`pta[ul, anume un t=n`r maghiar de 33de ani bolnav de schizofrenie. Auto-rit`]ile maghiare au promis tot sprijinulpentru remedierea pagubelor.

personnel. Here exists also beginingwith 1982 a TV redaction for aRomanian language program airedweekly for 26 minutes. TV Romanianlanguage programs exist on the cablenetwork in B`tania, Bichi[ciaba,Chitighaz and Giula. Romanian Tele-vision program may pe viewed inalmost all Romanian communities.Written mass-media is represented bymagazines such as „Foaia Rom=neasc`“,„Convie]uirea“ and „Jurnalul“.


In Hungary was founded beginingwith 1946 a Bishopry of RomanianOrthodox Church, functioning up tothis day. Rhis bishopry has 21 subor-dinated parishes in ROmanian commu-nities: Aletea, Apateu, B`tania, Bichi[,Bichi[ciaba, Budapesta, CenadulUnguresc, Ciorva[, Chitighaz, Cr=stor,Darva[, Giula - Ora[ul Mare Rom=nesc,Giula - Ora[ul Mic Rom=nesc, Jaca,Leucu[haz, Micherechi, Otlaca-Pust`,Petred, S`cal, Seghedin, Vecherd.

On 23rd of July 2007 the orthodoxchurch in Buchi[ciaba was vandalizedand set on fire. The Hungarian au-thorities solved the case very quick: on26th of July it was announced that theperpetrator was discovered - a youngHungarian, aged 33 suffering frommental illness. The Hungarian authoritiespromised all necessary support ineliminating the effects of the incident.


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nn AAccttiivviittaatteeaa ppuubblliicc`̀ aa rroomm==nniilloorr ddiinn UUnnggaarriiaa

Organiza]iile neguvernamentale alerom=nilor din Ungaria sunt numeroase [icu o bogat` activitate. Astfel \n Ungariafunc]ioneaz`: Uniunea Cultural` a Rom=-nilor din Ungaria, Comunitatea Cerce-t`torilor [i Creatorilor Rom=ni din Unga-ria, Societatea Cultural` a Rom=nilor dinBudapesta, Asocia]ia Cultural` Rom=n`din Chitighaz, Asocia]ia Cultural` Rom=n`din Leta Mare, Asocia]ia Cultural` aRom=nilor din Seghedin, Funda]ia pentruCultura Rom=n` din Ungaria, Funda]ia„Pro Musica“, Funda]ia „Lucian Magdu“.De asemenea sunt recunoscute Autogu-vernarea pe ]ar` a Rom=nilor din Un-garia, Autoguvernarea Rom=n` Local`,Coali]ia Rom=nilor din Ungaria. {edin]ade constituire a Autoguvern`rii pe }ar` aRom=nilor din Ungaria din 22 martie2007, s-a desf`[urat numai \n limbamaghiar`, reprezentan]ii mai multororganiza]ii neguvernamentale rom=ne[tiau solicitat s` depun` jur`m=ntul \n limbarom=n`. Cererea deputa]ilor din parteaAsocia]iei Femeilor Ortodoxe Rom=ne dinBudapesta a fost respins`, ceea ce aprovocat \naintarea unui protest scrisc`tre autorit`]ile maghiare, protestesemnat [i de Autoguvernarea Rom=-neasc` din Bichi[, Autoguvernarea Ro-m=neasc` din Micherechi, Auto-guvernarea Rom=neasc` din Budapesta -sectorul XI, Autoguvernarea Rom=neasc`din Giula, Autoguvernarea Rom=neasc`din Macù.

nn PPuubblliicc aaccttiivviittyy ooff RRoommaanniiaannss iinn HHuunnggaarryy

Non-governmental organizations ofRomanian in Hungary are numerous andvery active. In Hungary are functioning:Cultural Union of Romanians in Hungary,Romanian Researchers and CreatorsCommunity in Hungary; Cultural Societyof Romanians in Budapest; RomanianCultural Association in Chitighaz; Ro-manian Cultural Association in LetaMare; Romanian Cultural Association inSzeged; Foundation for RomanianCulture in Hungary; „Pro-musica“ Foun-dation; „lucian Magdu“ Foundation.Aswell are recognized Countrey Self-government of Romanians in Hungary;Local ROmanian Self-government; Ro-manians Coalition in Hungary.

The meeting of Countrey Self-government of Romanians from 22nd ofMarch 2007 was carried exclusivelyusing Hungarian language, due to thisrepresentatives of some Romanian NGO’srequested that they should be allowed tomake their oath in Romanian language.The request submitted by OrthodoxWomen Association in Budapest wasrejected. This provoked the protestingassociations (Romanian Self-governmentin Bichi[,Romanian Self-government inMicherechi, Romanian Self-government inBudapest, Romanian Self-government inGiula, Romanian Self-government inMacù) to file an official complaint forthe Hungarian authorities regarding thefree use of minority languages.


Documents

Centre of Studies for Romanian Resources - Centrul de Studii · 2012-02-13 · de un tratament corect, \ns` rom=nii din Valea Timocului desemna]i ca vlahi nu se bucur` de drepturile