Centre for External Safety ir C.M. van Luijk, director RIVM national institute for public health and the environment

Centre for External Safety

ir C.M. van Luijk, director

RIVMnational institute for public health and the environment

2External Safety | Jos Post

Presentation

• Centre for External Safety• Seveso 2 in the Netherlands• Emergency respons organisation• Safeti/Phast: QRA software• Environmental Accident Squad



External Safety• Safety, accidents, risk for THIRD PARTY • ‘People outside the fence’• Risk due to chemical substances (Chlorine, LPG)• Process, storage, transport

The Centre• Nearly 20 staff members• Most chemists and some physicist



Our jobs

• Supporting the Ministry of Environment– policy making

• Supporting the Environmental Inspectorate and local authorities– assessment of specific risk situations– assesment of safety reports– plant/site visits


Some more accidents

• 1966 Feyzin 18/0

• 1970 Crescent City 0/0

• 1974 Flixborough 28/0*

• 1975 DSM 14/0

• 1976 Seveso 0/0

• 1978 Los Alphaques 1/216

• 1984 Bhopal 0/3000

• 1984 Mexico City 650

* Lethalities, in/outside the fence


Legislation ‘from Europe’

• Seveso directive 82/501 EEC (1982)


1986: Premises for Risk Management


Legislation ‘from Europe’

• Seveso directive (1982) – Besluit Risico’s Zware ongevallen (BRZO, 1988)– The Major Accident Decree (1988)

• Seveso-2 directive (1996) – BRZO-99– The Major Accident Decree 1999


The Major Accident Decree 1999

• Companies have to comply with the Decree when there is a certain amount of chemical substances in process (also intermediates) or storage

• Limits for specific substances

• Limits for classes: – (very) toxics, flammables, explosives


The Major Accident Decree 1999

Companies need to have a

• Safety Report– Accident scenario’s– Individual risk– Societal risk

• Safety management system

• Emergency plan


The Safety Report

Companies have to make a safety report according to the coloured books

• The Yellow Book– Physiscal models

• The Green Book– Damage and vulnerability models

• The Purple Book– Guideline for using the Yellow and Green books, other

information and how to prepare a safety report


Again the QUESTION:

Why are we doing all of this?


Enschede 2000


Centre for External SafetyNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment• 1800 employees• Bilthoven, the Netherlands

Our centre• Since 2002• 18 (scientific) employees

– explosives: 3– dangerous substances in general: 15

• Chemists / chemical engineers & physicists


External Safety


Individual Risk

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

Still some risk at this place

10 -6 no new houses existing houses, offices allowed

10 -5 no houses no vulnarable objects


Potential loss of life (PLL) 1 10 100 1000

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

Societal Risk

Lethal victims (N)

Fre

quen

cy (

F)


Who are we working for?

• Ministry of Environment– policy making

• Environmental Inspectorate and local authorities– assessment of specific risk situations (spatial planning)– assessment of safety reports– plant/site visits

• other Ministries • regional fire brigades• ….


Responsibilities in the Netherlands

Companies

- request permit

local authoriteis

- give permits

- controling companiesEnvironmental Inspectorate

supervising the

- local authoriteis

- companies

Ministry of Environment

- Policy and legislation


Support of Ministry of Environment

• Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)– method development

• Register for risk situations involving hazardous substances

• KIEV-project– solving the problem of spatial planning and transport of

hazardous substances in several city areas


Quantitative Risk Assesment (QRA)- support of Ministry of Environment

CPR 18E: Dutch QRA guidelinefor establisments and transport

1 selection of risk determining installations

2 general incident scenarios and failure data for vessels, reactors, pipes, warehouses ….

3 outflow and dispersion flammable, toxic and explosive substances

4 Exposure to humans (dosis effect relations)

5 Results: individual and societal risk curves


Risk contour example


Register for risk situations- support of Ministry of Environment

• Establishments– SEVESO II companies, ammonia cooling installations,

storage of chemicals / fireworks, LPG filling stations, shunting yards etc.

• Transport routes– road, rail, water, pipelines

• Substances (toxic, explosive, flammable)• Effect distances, risk contours• Internet (map scale 1 : 10,000)



Support of the environmental inspectorate

• Emergency response organisation for chemical accidents – 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

• Toulouse 2001: Investigation on production plants and storage of ammoniumnitrate in the Netherlands

• Evaluation of the implementation of SEVESO II Directive (of 30 SEVESO companies)– study of safety reports– on-site inspection of safety management system and technical

safety measures to prevent major accidents


Support of local authorities

• Assessment of specific situations (spatial planning): – establishments– transport routes of hazardous substances

• examples:– safety distances, – domino effects– preventive and repressive measures – fire extinguishing systems in warehouses– …...


Efforts in the field of fireworks and explosives

• 2 permanent full time positions:– Soedesh Mahesh– Mirjam van der Plas

• advising and supporting: – national government– regional and local authorities– environmental inspectorates– legal advisors (fire brigade)

• scientific-technical know-how• knowledge on policy (making)• CEV can advise, not ‘must’


calculated individual risc contours


• Consumer fireworks: class 1.4• Professional fireworks: 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1• Maximum storage quantity for professional

fireworks: 6000 kg• Safety distances professional fireworks storage:

– <750 kg: 400 m– >750 to 6000 kg: 800 m

• Given this requirements: not realised in NL

Fireworks Act


Support in the field of fireworks

• Advice on actual situations concerning storage and sale of consumer fireworks

• Transfer of fireworks containers in Dutch seaports• Safety distances to the public during a fireworks

display• Employee safety during a fireworks display• CEN Technical Committee 212• Contribution to various expert committees, i.e.

CHAF (NL-part and Critical Review Panel)


Storage, transport and transfer of explosives for civil use in NL

• No legislation for storage and transfer• Explosives include also ammunition• Guidance on storage:

– new situations: effect approach– existing situations: effect approach, in case of conflicting

objects: risk approach– method for existing situations deduced from method for

storage for military purposes

• Assessment of transfer as yet equal to that of storage


Documents

Centre for External Safety ir C.M. van Luijk, director RIVM national institute for public health and the environment