Central Nervous System Stimulants

Living & Dying Harder & Faster

in the

Night of the Living Dead

CNS Stimulants

Synthetics

- pharmaceuticals

- illicit mfg

Organics

- cocaine

Sub-Categories of CNS Stimulants

Pharmaceutical Stimulants

Medical Uses

1. control of narcolepsy

2. control of hyperactivity in children

3. prevention of fatigue

4. treatment of mild depression

5. control of appetite

Medical Uses

6. prevention and treatment of surgical shock

7. treatment of Parkinson's disease

8. blood pressure maintenance during surgery

9. enhance the action of certain analgesic drugs

10. antagonize the effects of certain depressant drugs

Pharmaceutical Stimulants

Common Examples

Methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Biphetamine)– weight control

Ritalin (methylphenidate)– ADD

Preludin (phenmetrazine)– weight control

Cylert (pemoline)– ADD

Pharmaceutical Stimulants

Common Antagonist Examples

Eskatrol– stimulant & depressant combo

Dexamyl– stimulant & depressant combo

Pharmaceutical Stimulants

Amphetamine Sulfate

Methamphetamine (speed, crank)

Illicitly Manufactured Stimulants

• P2P Methods (DL Meth)

• Ephedrine Methods (D Meth)

Ephedrine Methods

Crystal Meth– Ephedrine

– Red Phosphorus

– Hydriotic Acid

Ice

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine

Clan Lab Safety Considerations

Do NOT– turn anything on or off– transport chemicals– handle contaminated items

Clan Lab Safety Considerations

DO– call a supervisor

– call narcs

– fire dept. standing by, if needed

– call Haz Mat team

Methamphetamine

Powder– tan, brown, white, pink, ????

Methamphetamine

Rock– tan, brown, white, pink, ????

Methamphetamine

Rock– tan, brown, white, pink, ????

Methamphetamine

Rock– tan, brown, white, pink, ????

Methamphetamine

Methods of Ingestion

Inhaled Injected

Methamphetamine

Methods of Ingestion

Smoked Oral

Methamphetamine

Liquid– light amber, dark amber, black

Methamphetamine

Crystal Meth

Ice

Methamphetamine

Organic Stimulants

Caffeine Nicotine Adrenaline Cocaine

Cocaine

Coca leaf Mountains of Bolivia, Peru, Colombia Chewing, Medical Use, Illicit Use semi-lengthy mfg process

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

1) Cocaine HCL (snorted, injected)

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

2) Base Cocaine– Free Base– Rock– Crack

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

2) Base Cocaine– Free Base– Rock– Crack

Forms of Illicit Cocaine

2) Base Cocaine (smoked)

CNS Stimulants

Possession for Sale

– quantity what does a user normally possess/use?

– paraphernaliascales ...cut ...packaging …pays & owes ...

CNS Stimulants

Signs & Symptoms

- aggressive

- euphoria meth sores

- inattention

- sweating

- paranoia

CNS Stimulants

Signs & Symptoms

Dopamine & Norepinephrine

- restlessness - anxiety - hyperactive

- bruxism - irritable - tremors

- misperceive time & distance

CNS Stimulants

Signs & Symptoms

- Cortisone

immune system, healing, stress

- Histamines

itching, allergy-like symptoms

CNS Stimulants

Signs & Symptoms

white tongue

if stimulant

smoked

CNS Stimulants

Evidence of Smoking Cocaine

burnt/blistered

thumb/fingers, lips

CNS Stimulants

Evidence of Smoking Cocaine

blackened gums

CNS Stimulants

Signs & Symptoms(High Dose or Low Tolerance)

hallucinations extreme paranoia

coma convulsions

violence death

CNS Stimulants

Binging

meth psychosis

cocaine psychosis

Chemically induced 5150’s!

! BEWARE !

CNS Stimulants

Addiction

Chemical Dependency

Tolerance

Overdose

Onset of the Effects of Cocaine(in seconds)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Injected Inhaled Smoked Oral

Minimum

Maximum

Duration of the Effects of Cocaine

(in minutes)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Injected Inhaled Smoked Oral

Minimum

Maximum

Cocaine Toxicology

Blood– metabolite: 3-5 hours

Urine– metabolite: 36-48 hours

Onset of the Effects of Meth(in seconds)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Injected Inhaled Smoked Oral

Minimum

Maximum

Duration of the Effects of Methamphetamine

(in HOURS)

0

510

1520

2530

3540

Inje

cted

Inh

aled

Sm

oke

d

Ora

l

Minimum

Maximum

Methamphetamine Toxicology

Blood– while they are under the influence

Urine– 36-48 hours

CNS Stimulants

Difference between …

Cocaine Methamphetamine

- anesthetic - not an anesthetic

- short duration - longer duration

- users convert - users try to mfg.

CNS Stimulant Evaluation

1) Preliminary Observations

- Medical Questions

- General Observations: hyper, sweaty,

dilated pupils, paranoia, …

2) Eye Exams HGN: No

VGN: No

LOC: No

CNS Stimulant Evaluation

3) Pulse UP!

4) Divided Attention Tests

Romberg: Fast

Heel to Toe: Fast/Impaired

One Leg Stand: Fast/Impaired

Finger to Nose: Fast/Impaired

CNS Stimulant Evaluation

5) Pupil Examination

Room Light: Dilated (Mydriasis) Near Total Darkness: Dilated Indirect Light: Dilated Direct Light: Slow Reaction

- Hippus: No

- Rebound: Cocaine

CNS Stimulant Evaluation

6) Methods of Ingestion

Nasal Cavity: possible debris

Oral Cavity: possible debris

Injection Sites: possibly present

Burnt fingers: Cocaine

Burnt lips/tongue: Cocaine