CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR SUBTROPICAL HORTICULTURE REHMANKHERA,P.O. KAKORI, LUCKNOW-226 101Telephone: 0522-2841022-24; Fax: 0522-2841025

E.mail: cish.lucknow@gmail.com; Website: www.cisklko.org

THE INSTITUTE The Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH) was

started as Central Mango Research Station on September 4,

1972 under the aegis of the Indian Institute of Horticultural

Research, Bangalore

The Research Station was upgraded to a full-fledged Institute

and named as Central Institute of Horticulture for Northern

Plains on June 1, 1984

Renamed as Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture

(CISH) on June 14, 1995, is serving the nation through different

aspects of research on mandated subtropical fruits

Has two experimental farms, one at Rehmankhera (132.5 ha)

approximately 25 km away from the city and the other (13.2

ha) at Rai Bareli Road, in the city of Lucknow

Has scientific nursery program, well established orchards, fully

equipped laboratories; trainees’ hostel-cum-guest house located at

R.B. Road Campus

Has in place MOU to facilitate capacity building with Allahabad

Agricultural Institute (Deemed University), Allahabad, APS University,

Rewa, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow,

Bundelkhand University, Jhansi,Lucknow University, Lucknow and

Integral University, Lucknow; trains students for acquiring M.Sc. and

Ph.D. degrees

Recognized by IGNOU, New Delhi as one of the study centers for

offering one year Diploma Course on value added products from fruits

and vegetables and six months Diploma Certificate in Organic Farming

National Horticulture Mission has identified the Institute as nodal

centre for imparting training on rejuvenation of old and unproductive

mango orchards and high density planting in guava

continued…

MANDATE Undertake basic and strategic research to

enhance productivity and develop value chain for major and minor subtropical fruits

Function as national repository of above fruit crops

Act as a centre for human resource development and provide consultancy to the stakeholders

Develop linkages with national and international agencies to accomplish the above mandates

CISH ORGANOGRAM

DIRECTORQRT

RAC

IMC

IRC

RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION

QRT- QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAMRAC- RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEEIMC - INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEEIRC - INSTITUTE RESEARCH COMMITTEE

DIVISIONS• CROP IMPROVEMENTAND BIOTECHNOLOGY

• CROP PRODUCTION• CROP PROTECTION• POST HARVESTMANAGEMENT

COORDINATION• PRIORITY SETTING, MONITORING ANDEVALUATION CELL

• ALL INDIA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT ON SUBTROPICAL FRUITS

SUPPORTING UNITS• PFDC• LIBRARY• ART & PHOTOGRAPHY• FARM MANAGEMENT• ESTATE• AKMU

• ESTABLISHMENT• AUDIT AND ACCOUNTS• OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

ORGANOGRAM

MANDATE CROPS

Mango (Mangifera indica)

Guava (Psidium guajava)

Papaya (Carica papaya)

Banana (Musa spp.)

Bael (Aegle marmellos)

Aonla (Embilica officinalis)

Litchi (Litchi chinensis)

UNDERUTILIZED FRUIT CROPS

Jamun (Syzygium cuminii)

Wood Apple (Feronia limonia)

Khirnee (Manilkara hexandra)

Tamarind

(Tamarindus indica)

Mahua (Bassia latifolia )

Karonda (Carissa carandas )

Chironji (Buchanania lanzan )

PRODUCTION OF QUALITY PLANTING MATERIALS

Sl. No.

Crop 2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

1 Mango

2276 20900 14341 13429 7850 7321

2 Guava 1886 50665 55827 62404 57606 82345

3 Aonla 4919 17315 16608 9056 5140 4903

4 Bael 2388 3161 4887 5398 3311 4621

Total 11469 92131 91663 90287 73907 99189

Ambika (Amrapali x Janaradhan Pasand) medium size fruit with slight sinus and beak broadly pointed apex, smooth and tough skin. Fruit is bright yellow with dark red blush, firm with scanty fibre, TSS is 210Brix and late in maturity

Arunika (Amrapali x Vanraj) attractive red-blushed fruits, high TSS (240Brix), high carotenoids, firm flesh, regular bearer and dwarf in stature

CROP IMPROVEMENT

Mango

LALIT

Lalit is guava variety with attractive saffron yellow colour with occasional red blush and are medium sized with an average weight. Flesh of fruit is firm and pink in colour. It has good blend of sugar and acid. It is suitable for both table and processing purposes. The pink colour in the beverage made from its pulp remains stable for more than a year during storage

Shweta is a half-sib selection from Apple Colour with attractive fruits. Fruits of this selection are sub-globose with few soft seeds, high TSS (140Brix) and attractive pink blush. It has good yield potential

GUAVA

CISH-B-1CISH-B-1

CISH-B-2CISH-B-2

CISH-B -1 Plants are moderate in height and less spreading. Fruits are oval or oblong having size of 15-17 x39-41 cm spread, good in taste (35-40.50Brix). The average weight of fruit is 0.8-1.2 Kg. Rind of fruit is thin (0.10-0.12 cm) and weight of fruit is 125 gm per fruit. Fiber and seeds are found in fewer amounts and average yield per tree is 50-60 Kg

CISH-B–2 Plants are semi vigorous and more spreading. Fruits are big in size 14.8 –18 x52-64 cm having round or oblong shape. The weight of fruit is 1.8-2.7 Kg. Fruits of this variety are good in taste (37-410Brix) and having thin rind. Fiber and seeds are less. The average yield per tree is 40-50 Kg

BAEL

The Institute has 24 cvs. of papaya, 9 cvs. of Aonla , 28 cvs. of litchi, 40 accessions of Jamun and 30 cvs. of banana in its germplasm collection

DUS projects : Mango, Guava, Jamun, Aonla, Bael

Other under-utilized fruits: Karonda, Mahua, Chironji

Fruit crops diversity

VARIETIES IN PIPELINE Mango (H-1084)

Developed from a cross between Amrapali and Janardhan Pasand

Regular bearing and matures late in the season

Attractive peel colour Guava (G-1)

Selection from half- sib population of ‘Apple Color’

High TSS (12 – 150Brix) Attractive red colouration of peel

Jamun (Seedless) Fruit Weight ranges between 8 – 10 g Pulp content 96 – 98 per cent TSS ranged from 14 –150Brix Total sugar content of 6.48 per cent

MEDIUM DENSITY PLANTING IN MANGO

An important approach for improving productivity; high economic returns

System permits maximum utilization of land, water, nutrients and solar energy

Conventionally, mango is planted at 10 x 10m (100 trees / hectare); medium density planting (MDP) accommodates 400 trees per hectare (5 x 5m)

Canopy management involving training and pruning are essential aspects right from orchard establishment; these need to continue through out the life of orchard

With integration of fertigation technology, productivity as high as 14-15 tons could be achieved as against 7-8 tons under traditional planting system

Fruit drop was found minimum (4.2 %) under MDP

ULTRA HIGH DENSITY PLANTING (UHDP ) SYSTEM IN GUAVA

Plants spaced at 1x2 m accommodates 5000 plants per hectare

Plants are topped 2 months of planting in October for emergence of new shoots below cut ends

50 per cent length of each new shoot , pruned again in December-January for induction of more shoots ; good spread is attained by May ; flower buds differentiate

Production starts from very first year of planting, 12.5 tons reaching up to 55 tons per hectare by 6-7 years

Lalit performs very well in UHDP system

This technology for meadow orcharding in guava developed at CISH, Lucknow which has spread to different parts of the country especially in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh ; Lalit Guava responds very well

(UHDP ) SYSTEM IN GUAVA

Planting distance: 2.0 x 1.0m Heading back at height of 30 to 40 cm

New growths after pruning

Growth after 2nd pruning Growth after 3rd pruning Flowering after 3rd pruning

1st year

Fruiting in UHDP : Guava

2nd year 3rd year

4th year 5th year After 5th year

Attributes Traditional systems Meadow systems

Bearing After two years From first year

Production Overall production is low (12-20 t ha-1)

Increased overall production (30-50 t ha-1)

Management Difficult to manage due to large size of trees

Easy to manage due to small trees

Labor requirement

More Minimum

Production cost

Higher cost of production Reduced cost of production

Harvesting Difficult Easy

Quality Large canopy, poor sunlight penetration and poor quality

Small canopy encourages air to circulate and sunlight to penetrate into centre of the tree canopy, good air circulation minimizes disease, sunlight interception contributes to high fruit quality and colour

Comparison between traditional systems and HDP systems of

guava growing

REJUVENATION OF OLD AND UNPRODUCTIVE MANGO ORCHARDS

About 35-40 per cent orchards in mango growing belt are old and unproductive ; many respond to rejuvenation

CISH technology on rejuvenation standardized in ‘Dashehari’, involves heading back of branches during December to a level of about 3 meters from ground

About three to four main branches emerging and having outward growth are retained; rest are pruned back to their base

Main branches are allowed to produce shoots and develop into canopy; thinning of excessive criss-crossing shoots is carried out during May and July to maintain 6-8 shoots per branch

Trees develop healthy and productive canopy after two years and bearing starts

Additional income from pruned wood and intercropping with short duration vegetables and ornamental crops are the other advantages

Fruit yield increases up to 4-5 times of the initial status with improved size and quality due to better light penetration into the canopy

Application of 2.5kg urea, 3kg Single super phosphate (SSP) and 1.5kg Muriate of potash along with 100kg FYM is recommended for each pruned tree

These trees must be irrigated at interval of 15-20 days starting from end of February till onset of rainy season

REJUVENATION OF OLD AND UNPRODUCTIVE MANGO ORCHARDS

REJUVENATION OF OLD AND UNPRODUCTIVE GUAVA ORCHARDS

Orchards lose their productivity beyond 25 years due to biotic stresses

CISH technology on rejuvenation involves heading back of trees to a level of 1.0-1.5 m from ground level

Emerging shoots are allowed to grow (40-50 cm) for 4-5 months after heading back

Shoots are further pruned to 50 per cent of their length to allow emergence of multiple shoots ; these shoots offer fruit bearing

surface in the following season ; healthy and productive canopy develops

Profuse fruiting and yield increases to about 70-90 per cent over non-rejuvenated trees is observed in the very first year of operation

Additional income from pruned wood and intercropping with short duration vegetables and ornamental crops are the other

advantage Yield, fruit size and quality increase due to better light

penetration into the canopy

Stages of rejuvenation in guava

Heading back of branches of guava tree Newly emerged shoots on beheaded branches of the tree

Full growth after five months of heading

back Showing shoot pruning after 5 month

of heading back

continued…

Rejuvenation technique in guava augmented the farmers’ income. Approximately 3000 ha of orchards have been rejuvenated across the country through National Horticulture Mission

Prior to rejuvenation

After rejuvenation

Yield 4 – 9 ton / ha4 – 9 ton / ha 12 – 35 tons / ha*12 – 35 tons / ha*

Income 35 – 80 thousand / 35 – 80 thousand / haha

1.9 – 2.35 lakhs / 1.9 – 2.35 lakhs / ha*ha*

* based on size, age and proper management of orchard

Management of Irregular bearing in mango

Management of irregular bearing using paclobutrazol (cultar)

Dose per tree : 3.2 ml / meter canopy diameter

The recommended dose of cultar is dissolved in 10 – 15 litres water and applied in the fertilizer ring, 1.0-1.5m from the trunk where the feeding roots are present

Method of paclobutrazol (cultar) use

Use of paclobutrazol (cultar) in trees above 25 years of age

Time of application is 90-100 days before flowering in the month of September.

Adequate moisture needs to be maintained for 25-30 days after application of paclobutrazol

Recommonded dose of fertilizers are required to be adopted and application of organic manure is essential.

Use of paclobutrazol should be adopted in the Off years

Flowering in off year in paclobutrazol (cultar) treated

tree

Heavy fruiting In Uttar Pradesh paclobutrazol is being used for the management of irregular bearing in more than 350 ha. The yield increased by 25-40 per cent depending upon the age and variety giving an additional income of Rs. 80,000 per hectare

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN MANGO

Mango hopper (Idioscopus clypealis; I.nitidulus; Amritodus atkinsoni ) Pruning of overcrowded and overlapping branches Regular ploughing and removal of weeds First spray of imidacloprid (0.005%) when panicles are 8-

10cm long followed by second spray of thiomethoxam (0.008%) or profenophos (0.05%) after fruit set and third need based spray of carbaryl (0.2%) before maturity

Ploughing of orchards in November-December Polyethylene (400 gauge) banding of tree trunk

above 30cm from ground level and application of 1.5 per cent chlorpyriphos dust @ 250g/tree around tree trunk in December

Nymphs if have climbed the tree, spray carbosulfan (0.05%) or dimethoate (0.06%) before flowering

Fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis and B.zonata) Collection and disposal of infested and fallen

fruits Ploughing of orchards in November-December to

expose pupae Use of methyl eugenol pheromone traps (wooden

blocks 5x5x1cm soaked in methyl eugenol, malathion and ethanol@ 6:4:1) are hung in trees during fruiting period from April-August @10 traps per hectare traps should be replenished at 2 months interval

Mealy bug (Drosicha mangiferae)

INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF POST-HARVEST DISEASES OF MANGO

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gleosporiodes), stem end rot

(Lasiodiplodia theobromae) and Aspergillus rot (Aspergillus

niger) are the major post-harvest diseases

Pre-harvest practices are very important to effectively

manage post-harvest diseases. They include integrated

water and nutrient management, integrated pest and

disease management and proper harvesting and handling

Two pre-harvest sprays of thiophanate–methyl (0.1%) at 15

days interval starting from 3rd week of May to reduce the

incidence of post-harvest diseases

Harvested fruits, free from bruises, are treated in hot water

using electrically operated circulative water bath at 52 ±10C

for 20 minutes

Duration of treatment could be reduced to 10 minutes by amending the hot water with prochloraz (0.05%) for ambient and prochloraz (0.1%) for low temperature (12±10C) storage of fruits for 3 weeks

After treatment, fruits are air dried and packed in CFB boxes Fruits could be stored without any post-harvest diseases

infection under ambient for 8-10 days while under low temperature conditions for up to 3 weeks

This technology has proved very effective in managing the post- harvest diseases of Dashehari, Langra, Chausa, Mallika and Amrapali

Contd….

Anthracnose Stem end rot Aspergillus rot

CFB BOXES FOR PACKING OF FRUITS

Mango and guava fruits are normally packed in wooden boxes weighing 2.0-2.5 kg having 50-55 nails and high ventilation

14-20 per cent losses occur in mango during transportation due to impact, compression, vibration, shock and friction

Higher ventilation affects the maintenance of ideal environment required inside the box during transportation

In this background, telescopic type Corrugated Fiber Board (CFB) boxes of 2.0 and 4.0 kg capacities having 0.5 per cent ventilation were designed and developed

CFB boxes are safe, attractive, sturdy and suitable for effective handling and shipping of fresh produce

Fruits will have less bruises and effective post-harvest treatments before packaging further minimize the losses during transport

Suitable for export of fruits

AONLA DE-STONING MACHINE Manual removal of stones from aonla fruits for

processing is very difficult due to irregular shape of stone and tight adherence to pulp

Manual removal besides being cumbersome, results in fruit splitting into segments and 15-20 per cent pulp remaining adhered to stone

Processing industry needs a mechanical device for de-stoning of Aonla fruits for improving the efficiency of this critical step of segments separation

CISH has designed and developed a manually operated machine for de-stoning of Aonla fruits

Machine works on the principle of compression and coring; main functional parts include plunger, core and a die

Machine has operating capacity of 10-12 kg Aonla fruits per hour

Only about 6-8 per cent pulp remains adhered to the stones during this operation ,leaving the Aonla fruit intact

Cost of machine is about Rs.3000.00

AONLA DE-STONING MACHINE

UNIFORM RIPENING OF MANGOES WITH ETHREL

Many times farmers harvest premature fruits to avail the early markets advantage. Such fruits fail to ripen uniformly under normal conditions; a banned chemical , calcium carbide, is used for forced ripening posing health and environmental risks

Uniform ripening of mango is possible with the use of ethylene

Procedure involves dipping of fruits (100kg) in 100 liters of water containing 62.5-187.5ml ethrel (ethepon) at 52 ± 20 C for 5 minutes

Concentration of ethrel to be used depends upon maturity of fruits, less matured ones requiring higher concentration

Solution prepared once, can be repeatedly used up to four times

Ethrel treated fruits ripen uniformly with attractive yellow colour without any spoilage within 4-5 days of treatment

Low cost ripening chamber (one ton capacity-7x7x7 ft) for the purpose of using ethylene gas ( available in 200ml canister) directly based on this principle, can also be developed for use either by the farmers or retailers or processors

VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS

RAW MANGO SQUASH (PANNA) A traditional drink that could be prepared fresh

in homes and consumed; can also be stored under ambient conditions

Pulp is extracted after boiling hard green fruits (1kg) in 1 liter water

Different ingredients viz., common salt (120g),black salt (80g), roasted cumin seeds powder (40g),fresh mint leaves (200g) and citric acid (65g) are added

Mixture is strained and consumed fresh ; if required to be preserved sodium benzoate (1g) dissolved in small quantity of water is added

To prepare sweet squash, 450g sugar is added, while for sour squash 450g water is added

Total quantity to be made up to 2kg by weight with addition of boiled and cooled water

Squash is filled into clean and sterilized glass / plastic bottles and sealed; product has shelf-life of about 9 months

Served by diluting one part of squash with seven parts of chilled water

Mango oil less pickle Mango leather

Mango squash Osmo air dried mango slices

MANGO PROUCTS

AONLA SEGMENTS–IN-SYRUP Aonla is a very nutritious fruit;

fresh consumption is limited by its astringent taste

Aonla murabba, a product well known, has poor nutritional qualities

Aonla segments in syrup is a new diversified product

Prepared by blanching, separating the segments and dipping them successively in sugar syrup (50-700B) containing citric acid and KMS as preservative

About 6 days are required for preparation of this product

Finally, segments are packed in 720 B syrup in air tight plastic jars

Finished product contains 200 mg per 100g ascorbic acid, much higher than murabba

Aonla Supari Freeze dried products of Aonla

AONLA PROUCTS

AONLA CIDER A sweet fermented and

highly refreshing drink from aonla having 100B TSS, 4% alcohol, 0.4% tannins and 66 mg/100 g ascorbic acid . The cider can be stored for more than one year and its taste improves during storage.

Keeping increasing production of aonla and its nutraceutical value in view, aonla cider is a health drink that can fetch both national and international market.

Unit cost is Rs.20/- per bottle of 750 ml capacity

GUAVA CIDER This mild fermented beverage has

130B total soluble solids,4.0 per cent alcohol, 0.45 per cent acidity and 32.8 mg per 100 ml ascorbic acid with natural guava flavour. The cider can be stored up to one year under ambient conditions.

Guava is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and is often called poor man’s apple. Ready to serve guava beverage is quite popular in market. However, unlike apple, its cider is not yet available. Keeping in view the nutritional and sensory qualities of guava cider, it may prove as a potential guava product.

Unit cost is Rs.30/- per bottle of 750 ml capacity

AONLA DIETARY FIBRE ENRICHED BISCUIT

Fiber, Vitamin- C and antioxidant enriched biscuits were developed by incorporation of aonla pomace (a by-product generated during Aonla juice processing) as one of the ingredients

The dietary fiber content of the finished product is about 5 times higher than that of the non-enriched ones

Vitamin- C and antioxidant are 15.6 mg/100g and 0.25g values 100g, respectively

The fiber enriched biscuits will not only provide a distinct flavor but will also help in rectifying the constipation and other ailments. Moreover, it will lead to utilization of aonla processing waste as well

The Institute provides consultancy services and scientific advice to farmers and different agencies on following aspects : Technologies for production of mango, guava,

papaya, Aonla and Bael Technologies for scientific nursery development

and management Capacity building :

1) Production and utilization of subtropical fruits2) Women empowerment in value addition3) Women empowerment in mushroom production

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Insect pests and diseases management in mango guava, Aonla and Bael

Rejuvenation of old and unproductive mango and guava trees

Technologies for packaging, storage and marketing of mango and guava fruits

Technologies for export of mango fruits

Institute also undertakes production and sale of quality planting materials with traceability of different varieties of mango, guava, Aonla and Bael

All India Coordinated Research Project on Subtropical Fruits

Sl. No.

Name of the Centre Establishment (Plan & year) Fruit crops assigned

Plan Year

1. IARI, New Delhi IV 1970 Mango, grape

2. IIHR, Bangalore ” 1970 Mango, guava

3. ARI, Pune ” 1970 Grape

4. FRS, Sangareddy ” 1971 Mango, guava,

5. BAC, Sabour ” 1971 Mango, guava, litchi

6. CISH, Lucknow ” 1972 Mango, guava, litchi

7. PAU, Ludhiana ” 1972 Grape, guava

8. GRS, Rajendranagar ” 1975 Grape

9. RFRS, Vengurle V 1975 Mango, guava

10. FRS, Rewa VI 1980 Mango, guava

11. AES, Paria VII 1988 Mango

12. RCA, Udaipur ” 1988 Guava, mango

13. HC&RI, Periyakulam ” 1988 Mango, guava

14. GBPUA&T, Pantnagar ” 1988 Mango, guava, litchi

15. BCKV, Mohanpur ” 1988 Mango, guava, litchi

16. HARP, Ranchi ” 1988 Mango, guava, litchi

17. MPKV, Rahuri ” 1989 Grape, mango, guava

18. NRC for Litchi,Muzaffarpur

IX 2001 Litchi

19. NRC for Grapes IX 2001 Grape

20. KNK, Mandsaur XI 2009 Grape

PFDC ACTIVITIES

Technology demonstration in PFDC fields

Sl. No

Crop Plot Size Technology Demonstrate

d

Yieldt/ha

Remarks

1. Tomato 250sqm greenhouse 300 net house 100 sqm open field condition

Protected cultivation

GH (Sartaj) -124.89GH (Naveen) – 101.35SN (Sartaj) - 61.57SN (Naveen) – 42.11

Cost benefit : 1 :1.49

2. Capsicum 250 sqm greenhouse

Protected cultivation

72.98 Cost benefit : 1 : 3.7

3. Mango 1.0 ha Drip +Plastic mulching

0.25 Income Rs. 16,000.00 (0.25 ha)

4. Bottle guord Okra CauliflowerBrinjal Cabbage

1.25 ha  Intercropping + drip

15.6308.3520.2206.4015.26

Income Rs. 18,900.00 (0.25 ha)

Drip irrigation and polyethylene mulching in mango

Drip irrigation and polyethylene mulching on Ultra high density planting in guava

Drip irrigation in Banana

Improvement in guava seed germination through polyethylene

film

Mass multiplication of guava, mango and Aonla through wedge

grafting

Protected cultivation of Tomato cv. Naveen

Cost benefit ratio:- 1 :1.49

Impact of canopy management in cucumber fruiting

Pathenocarpic variety ‘Isatis’ yield: 3-4 kg per sqm. (300-400 t/ha)

Performance of Parthenocarpic Cucumber under Protected cultivation

Demonstration of Protected cultivation of Capsicum in greenhouse

Sweet pepper White Aishwarya

Sweet pepper green long

ChocoCost benefit ratio : 1 : 3.7

Intercropping of brinjal in bearing guava orchard with normal spacing

Intercropping of Cauliflower in young mango orchard

Intercropping of Cabbage in young mango orchard

Technology demonstration in PFDC fields

Sl. No

Crop Plot Size Technology Demonstrate

d

Yieldt/ha

Remarks

1. Tomato 250sqm greenhouse 300 net house 100 sqm open field condition

Protected cultivation

GH (Sartaj) -124.89GH (Naveen) – 101.35SN (Sartaj) - 61.57SN (Naveen) – 42.11

Cost benefit : 1 :1.49

2. Capsicum 250 sqm greenhouse

Protected cultivation

72.98 Cost benefit : 1 : 3.7

3. Mango 1.0 ha Drip +Plastic mulching

0.25 Income Rs. 16,000.00 (0.25 ha)

4. Bottle guord Okra CauliflowerBrinjal Cabbage

1.25 ha  Intercropping + drip

15.6308.3520.2206.4015.26

Income Rs. 18,900.00 (0.25 ha)

The impact was tremendous which resulted into shift towards Plasticulture technologies.

Following technologies were transferred to improve the capacity of horticulture officers, extension functionaries, farmers, KVK workers, etc. The technologies were also promoted through print and electronic media, extension literatures, etc.,

Technique of wedge grafting (Rapid multiplication) utilizing polyethylene caps for mass multiplication of guava, mango, Aonla and Bael through out the year

Rejuvenation of old and unproductive orchards of guava, Aonla and mango to restore the production potential

High density and UHDP systems embodying canopy management of fruit crops for better tree architecture right from the initial stage of planting

Greenhouse technology including promotion of cultivation of high value crops viz. tomato, capsicum, cucurbits, etc. during off-season for high profitability

Promotion of micro / drip irrigation systems in horticultural crops and its popularization amongst the farmers for optimum use of water resources

Utility of plastic mulching in horticultural crops for improving water productivity and reducing weeds

Promotion of vegetable crops as an intercrops in newly established fruit orchards for enhancing land use ; factor productivity and additional monetary incomes

CORE ISSUES OF PFDC TRAININGS

Training programme at Jhansi , Uttar Pradesh

Training programme at Mahoba , Uttar Pradesh

CISH Participation in Technology Mission

Integrated Development of Horticulture in North Eastern States, Sikkim, Jammu &

Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand (MM-I)

Trainings and demonstrations to the extension functionaries and the farmers on nursery management and on-farm production of organic inputs viz; NADEP, vermi and microbe mediated composts, bio-enhancers and bio-pesticides using locally available organic wastes and materialsStates covered(2002 - 2012)

Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya

Total No of Trainees

1324

Supply of Quality Planting Materials for establishment of mother blocks (under

MM-I)

Crop State Total No of Plants

Mango, Guava and Aonla

Assam, Mizoram and Sikkim

5100

ImpactsLearning Index : In capacity building programmes

of officers / farmers on organic farming and nursery management of subtropical fruits, training learning index was 0.6 -0.7 (60-70%)

NHB SPONSORED PROJECT

Title : Enhancing productivity and fruit quality of mango through pre-harvest technological interventions in mango growing tracts of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

Location : Kitnakhera village, Maal Block , Lucknow district

Cluster Approach : 1 (10ha); 21 farmers

Interventions: Site-specific canopy , nutrient , pests and diseases management

Budget : Rs. 7.876 lakhs

Date of start : May,2012