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Mutations2.notebook
1
March 05, 2014
Central Dogma: _____ ______ ______
trans trans
Protein Synthesis Review
TACTGCTAG CTAGCATGA ACT
UGACUG GCG
AUGUAA
Cys
Mutations2.notebook
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March 05, 2014
Spot the Difference
TACTTTACGACT
AUGAAAUGCUGA
MetLysHisStop
TACTTTTACGACT
AUGAAAAUGCUGA
Met Lys Met Leu
Mutations Key Terms
Mutation: Any change to an organism's genetic code. Can occur during replication (single gene) or meiosis (chromosome).
Point Mutation: When a single nucleotide is replaced with another. ATG ACG
Frameshift Mutation: When a nucleotide is added or removed. Causes the reading frame to drastically change. ATG ATCG
Mutations2.notebook
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March 05, 2014Mutagen: An environmental factor that can cause DNA mutations. (UV light, Carcinogens)
Types of Point MutationsMissense: A single amino acid is changed
AUG=MetAUC=
Nonsense: Changes a single amino acid to a stop codon. UAC=Tyr
UAA=StopSilent: Changes a single nucleotide that does not result in a change.
AAA= LysAAG=Lys
Frameshift Mutations: Addition or Deletion
The boy cut his lip and ate the hot dog.
The boy cut thi sli pan dat eth eho tdo g.
The boy cut his lip and tet heh otd og.
AUG-UGG-UUU AUC-GUG-GUU-UMet-Trp-Phe
Mutations2.notebook
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March 05, 2014
Mutations
There are 3 errors in the new strand of DNA. Find and identify what type of error they are.
Old DNA: TACATGCATACACTGATGGGC
New DNA: TACATACATACTCTGATTGGGC
Mutations2.notebook
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March 05, 2014
Reflection Questions1. How many amino acids are affected in a point mutation?
2. How many amino acids are affected in a frame shift mutation?
3. Usually frameshift mutations result in nonfunctional proteins. Why do you think the mutated proteins might not be functional?
4. Which type of point mutation would most affect an organism?
Mutation Practice1. Create a silent mutation in the following sequence: TACGTGACCATC2. Create a frame shift mutation that would affect 4 amino acids in this sequence. List the new amino acid sequence.
TACGGGCGCTTCGCGTAG3. Create a mutation in this sequence that results in a nonsense mutation. List the new amino acid sequence.
TACATACGTAGGACAACT
Mutations2.notebook
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March 05, 2014
1. TACGTGACCATC-Silent AUG CAC UGG UAG
2. TACGGGCGCTTCGCGTAG
3. TACATACGAGGACAAACTAUG UAU GCU CCU GUU UGA
Study Guide Review
Mutations2.notebook
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March 05, 2014
Wipeout!
Amino AcidNucleotidePolypeptideDNAmRNAtRNArRNAProteinHelicaseLigaseDNA PolymeraseRNA Polymerase
Okazaki FragmentsReplicationTranscriptionTranslationRNA processingNucleusCytoplasmCodonAnticodonErwin ChargaffRosalind FranklinWatson & Crick
MutationPoint MutationFramshift NonsenseMissenseSilentTranscription*TACAGGCTAACT
Translation*AUGAAUCGUUGA
