CENTliAL STATES : BULLETIN ·~. '

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Issued by the Central States Braneh· of the American !'.nthropoHgi'cal Aasocistion

. . Yolume I November-December 1946 Number .. 2

. '. REGION ONE or the NATIONAL PARK .SERVICE

On July 1, 1S46, the Natio~ie.l"f)ark. Service est~blished the pbsiti~n.of R~­gional Archeo1ogist for Region One;: and J.C. H~rtincion was trari~fer~ed.to ~hat post from his -previous assignment as __ Superintendent~ Colonie. l_ Nat :i'.ona l ~ist­orical Park. Region One includes most of the area.east of th~ ~ississippi Rive~ Arch~ological-p~ojects are in prospect foi: ;:approximately 12 Park Service ?ones

ne ee. tu re Eirt fo le for the· current j_ssue was written by Professor ,Ni llinm R. Bascom of Northwestern

_ TJniversity. It appears ~~n the PTLLET IN by permission of\ Mr. G.R. Parker, Chief of-tho Pnc1f1o Ocean Division of the U.s.c.c~

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u. s .,c ~QL_ST.IBYEX __ OJLMXCRQEE.SI~

Will:tam; R~ Bascom·

within the Region, some C?f which are ex- Dur int; the spring and aumrn~r of ,1946 pectea to f"Set ·under i.vny i,~ithin the next several anthropologist~ from 1this country few months. _ 1. ~served as members of .a group"which m~de nn

_ Four professional ri.rcheologists; all economic survev 0 r· the i.Te.pnnese-m9.ndutcd of' whom have reta.:ined their professional .. islands of'Mic~onesil'h Tho surve'Y wno connections 'in various ways. are working ·made by the u.s. Comme~cia1 Compa·ny at tm in Reg'ion One. Most active of the ct1rrent reouest of the Navy• 8.nd was· unde-r tne projects is ·the 'Natchez Tro.ce Parkway, un- di~ection ~f Dr. Douglas Le QH~ct~ ·no der the supervision of Dr. t.r.D. Jennings,. ,.r.s.C'.C• Special .Representfi.tive:.in.Rono-who is busy at present linjn~ up person- .. iulu. ~rhe ·survey group c_onslnted of eco-ne 1 and equipment for the start of opera- nomi st s j who v.rere. assigned £6 sp~c{f'io tions. Dr. A.R. Kelly (see. p.6) is now islands on w1r-ich they did irttE:trsivo work,. custodian at the Ocmulgee National ~fonu- and of t~chnical specfol~stri iri mining •

. ment in Mac on,. Georgia. . No excava t.fog geology, entomology, boto.ny, hortidci1turo, is _contemplated within the. near future, . anjmal husbnndry; marine biology -and nu-but. there is considerable laboratC?ry 'frition, who visited tne ve.rioui'. areas wi-work and ~preparation of pub_li'.'.'a,tions .to .thin the mandate by t.i.c.L. ·~nd;·by'pfonee be done there. Charles Fairbanks is Four of the economics at~frwere a.n-c~stodio.n at Fort Fre de:rica !fo.tiona.l tbropologists: nr • .. John Use em, :of th_e Fn~ -Monument,. St. Simons, Georgia. (PULL- verslty of Wi?consi:ti. (nssisted.,pY Mr~

·ETIN, Vol. I, no. 1, P• 5). Plans are Breese and Yr~ nveharii), who: worked in -afoot to begin work f!,t that site within Ynp, 'Palau and 'the· western Car~l_i~es; Dr. the n~xt year, but the starting date: is Ediimrd rr. Ha 11 J,... of the ·University of still uncertain. J.C. Harrington has no Oenvf'r vrho worked vrith Dr. !\nt'l ~T• Pelzer, immediate plans for going jnto the field,· a ·geographer, on Tr~k :i.n t.ho Cerl.'tro. l Cnro-but hopes to resuma work at Jamestown ·l:lnes.; nr. William~. Bascom o-f. Northwoot-and possibly other historical colonial ern Fniversi.ty, who worked ort Pof,w.pc in sites in another year or so. (J.C.H.) the Ii~astorn Car"lines; and rir. 'Leonard E.

l,,.ason, now with the State Dopnrc~ment, who covered al1 the Harshnlls. The Marinnnf:lG were .handled.by C.o?Dl'i}_~rnder E.E. Gallahue, former1.y or the Department of. 1 Agr~culture.

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.OFFICERS_ OF ~THE CE}frRP.L STATES BRANCH , ..

President:· •. • • •.••. 1st Viee-Presi'dent:'~ - • . . . • • Fred Eggan, r.rni.,.rnrsity of Chicago

Georg Ne·Uinann, Indio.na University 2nd Vice-President: •• • • • Geo:rge (·u:lmby, Field Museum of Natural F:lstory Secretary-Treasurer: ••••••••• Madeline Y.neberg,. T!niversity of Tennessee Executive Conmiittee:· .......... 'Melville J. Ferskovits,Northwestern TJniversity

, T .rt. N. Lewis, University of Tennessee Leslie A. ':\bite, !Jniversity of gichigan

Editor:·.-. - • ·.-· ......... • ••• --.- • I':'.ischa Titlev, 405 Yason Eall, Pniversity-of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Associate Editors: ••. • ••.•• ··• -•• ··William R,· Bascom, ·Northwestnrn T!niversity. Solon 1'. Kimball, I:ichigan State College Scudder Jffekee 1, University 0f \7iscons in Ric-hard G. }.''.organ, Ohio··~state Mu Mum Charles E. Snow, University of Kentucky Sol Tax,_ nniversity of' Chicu·go , .. Carr· F. yoegelin, Indiana TJniversity.

COOPERATIVE bEG~EE~

A rec~:_nt letter to. tbe editor from C8rl F •. Voegelin raises an exceedingly vital and interesting pro-blem t·hat might well be ~iscussed in the pages of the CENTRAL STATES B~JLLITTIN.

Douglas Taylor has just been tran­ted a generous sum by the Viking Fund for the support of research among the Black Carib. Pe.will leave ~aguA, Dom­inica, -B.W.I., 1i-v:here he. now is, for H0n­duras. soon nfter Chris}Jmas.. One object­ive of .his work is an ethnographic sur­vey_, and in_ this he is to be guided by Herskovits. However, his interest i!l linguistics remains paramount, an.d Voeg­elin is. committed to helping with this' part of his program.

As VoegeHn .puts it, "The ide'a of n mature perpoh going on for sp~cialized ·work and ultimately f.or ·a. Ph.D. interests me -because it raises an unusual .problem: since no one, Upiyersity (in the central states area,. with the probable exceptidn I

of Chicago) offers every specialization, ~ouldn't it be possible. to work out soTIB kind of graduate.cooperation between~ 1

say, ·Northwestern, tacrd.gan and Indinmd' l Here is 0. point that oucht to. be· I

give.n thoug~tful considernti.on by .the . I members of tho relatively smnll depart... -! ments of nnthropo.logy that a.re scattered 1

throughout the midwest. Staffs ranging from one to three full-time men. are the rule; and in the face of anthropology's t'endency to branch out into numerous . specialized.'fields, it is no longer pos­sible fo'r ·small staffs to provide ade­qu~t~ training r6r well-rounded doctoral degrees·. Furthermore,, many administra-

tors are reluctant to increase t.heir nn­thropology departments, on the,. rea.listic grounds that to do ao-wo~ld lead to a tre• mendous ,duplication of effort among nee.r­by 5.nstitutions.

'.'Jithin nH1.nj· universities t.here is a noteworthy movement afoot to over_-ride the long-established a.i v_jsi ons_ that arpitrar­i ly separRte related disciplin~a. Pas not the. tir~,e c orne t0 work ~mt a plan whereby the anthropology staff's. o.f neighborj n~ schools mRy pool their training facilities f.or tho grontinr; of cooperntive Ph.D. de­gr'oes? The editors of the B1TLLETIN. invite com.inents_ on tMs topic. (r.T.)

-~QJif'_PWJlCE on IR01),UQIS HESEflRCI!

The ·sec0nd annual Confe~ence· on Iro­quois HesAarch, which met for the first time last year, assembled n cood attendnrrx of anthropolocists from the<}!orthens.tern States· and Crrnada nt the 1'.llego."hy Stnte Park, 11ed I:ouse, N. Y., October 4, 5, nnd 6, 1946. As chi:1irman of the Allfigany State Park CornmissiOn, ~5r. Charle~~. Congdon of Snlnmnncn a~ain mnde available to the Conference the P.dm5nistrntion Puil{l. ing on Fed EousP Lake v1hich is situntPd ir: n wilderness n.ren 1 flanked by~ the Allcgn-rv Reserv~tion of the Seneca Natidn. ~erlc H. Denrdorf ('> of Warren, Pr.. was 'co-host.

Sessions wore devoted to a report nne discussion of field studies in Iroquois ethnnlogy (Fenton presiding)~ history ond the Iroquois (Arthur c. Parke~ and Paul f.._. 1"!. Wu llace), and n lively discussion of the Otvci sc o cuHure o.nd its relation to Troquo.is ori?;ins (R.it.cl:ie and others).

The will to do so~ething nbout prob­lems of Irciauois research vm.s manifost in increased n{tendance, 5n un f\tti,tnde of)

~com.;. p. 3

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· · ····ANTBROPOU>GY~- C:1UB ·at INDIANA-IROQUOIS RESEARCH ,(cont_.,}

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genuine ,interest that marked discussions,, .. and: in reports of' resenrch accomplished Indiana, Urtiversity' s recently formed since th.~ first conference ·by ·speck, Anthropology Club has b~en pre~enting, at Dodge,, Witthoft, .Fe'riton in ethnology; a series of monthly meetings, "informal V9egelfn and associates on ·Senec·e: lan• . .,t'}lks _wh:lch are attracting increasing in-

.t.erest on tho, part of. Indiana .Un~versity guage; Parker on history.; and Kidd, students e.nd fac"!lty, nnd Bl~·omington Sch~ffer.,, Ritbhie and Mcilwraith in Ar!ch- townspeople. Meetings are demon~tro.tin" aeology •.. It is hoped that new.:projects 'the· close relationship of anthr,.opology

0

and art opportunity. for oollaborat'ive· re- ,with .~he .all~ed f.ields such ns 'ge_ogrnphy ·· ·search will appeal t'O the. ·scholars· who · and llnguistios, .E\nd the 1nterc.s1;; wh:i.ch

·were welcomed 'to the conference ·this yeJr. professionally trained e.ntlrropo.log:inta . Those present inclllded: Disher, htwe in the competent w,ork,.or ,nori ... prof,,..

Clevelnnd; Huot, ColuJ??in; Guthe., Albany; ess~onalse · .-~ ': Stout, Syracuse; Parke:r and Ritchie, Ro-· At the Club's first meeting during chester; Plas'sma~ and Hirpcher, st. Bom- the· fall semester, four membe~s .of Jndiam venture; G •. Brovm, .Emmer.son, Kidd) and ~Tniversity' s o.nthropological·nnd linguist-~foilwraith, Totonto; Eat·t, 9ranbrook; icS-- faculty, and two Indiana; trni'(Tersity

. Griffin, tTones and Witthoft, Michigan; students,, spoke about their summer· fiold MacNeish ~nd T~d Gut he,. Chic.ago; Scha.ef- . work and ':reseo.rcho G1en'n Black op,~ned thE' fer, Har~1sburg; de Laguna, Bryn Ma.vrr; meeting with a des.criptior+ 6£:.wor;~ · dono et Wallace, Annville;, ~arpenter., Spe.ck and Angell Mound near Evansville; Indfonn3 Stearns, Pen,nsylva'riia; J.ohnson., An.dov('r; Georg "N"eumrmn then spoke .a.bout hio rco-Dodge, Salem; Hadlock, Bar Earbor; Setz- earch. in physical anthropol~gy. at .. rolum-ler and Fent.on, Smithsonian. : . ' ·bin Univorsity I and the'. trips he .ma do to

,The Conference has so far avoided formal organization, 'nnd it has 'rio offi- the Southwest; C .F •. Voege lin out lined '·whit cers; it eitists only to pro!not'ti froqu.oi·s., he had do::1e in linguistic ·resef\rch ·nt the Studies and to provide a vehicle for d~e- Lingi1 istic Iri::;titute at the

1JniVersity of

cussion n.nd .the -informa 1 .e:xchan~e of.. · Mj chie;o.n,, and on the 'f. .. llecatw~nescrv£~tion, information. (w .. N •. F.) with o. S€neca informant; nncl Thomn.s ·'.ti ••

Sebeok followed with a short. ~eeori~tion MICRONESIAN STRVEY Jc.o_p;t;~._.2 of his work on Estonian at the 'Lin~nistic

. The ~conomists nnd their anthropo- Institute. Prn.11 Garvin relntcd his ~x., logical colleagues were responsible for perience~ .on a. summer field trip to. tho presenting the broad pioture cf t'he eco-nomic life or" their areas nnd making re- JCutena:l in. Idaho o.nd Bl'i ti sh CTofomb:io.; and commendations on which future policy · A. Adiz spoke briefly of' his work t.1ndcr could be based. This meant a dir~ot· Glenn Rlnck's di~ection, at·t~e Angoll conce·rn with such nsp·eots of culture as Mouhd• After thO tnlks Club merrtbero· nd-fishing, ag:riculture;··the use of domest- journed. to the Commons· for cokes nnd in• io· animals, hunting, gathering,,. arts and formal discussion. .. . crafts, 'cooperati\te work, di vision of f.,t the second 'meeting, Which '\'!8.S hclr labor, prope,rty,. land teri.ure, t~~de ~ gift 1 ··November fourteenth,, Otis P. Starkey.,· exchange, pattern$, of consumpt~on, the Chairman of Indiana University' a ne~v'ly e~onor:iic f':lnctions of plans arid other I formed Department of Geography;: r.:ddres:1ed k1,nsh1p .um.ts, and the economic ba.seo of the Club on nThe Use o.f ?Mi.po and Ae:rinl prestige and class disti.nctions. I Photographs for Assembling Culturnl T1cat-

, Although th$ emphnsi9 vffis on tech- erio.l t" Professor Starkey illustrn"ced nnlogy, re.quirements, distribution and 1 his tnlk. with elides of rocently relensod work .patterns at the present time, t'he · TJnited St'ates, German and Frertch print0d directives·call64 for a descriptibn of 1.m~ps nnd aerial photogrnphso Theso were social orge.nizntion, the mythological '. ·" drawn largely f'rom. the extensiv<1 mnp ool­sanctions of economic ... a.ctiv~t:tes and the ·I ~ection now in· process of boin;; aosemblod taboos affecting them, and .an indication by the Indiana. "L;n iv~rs ity. Geov;rnphy frept. o~ the past as .·well ~s tt:ie contemporo.ry · . Dr. Thom~s ·n~ Noblo, Jr. F.J;.C.B., picture. Th~_ .. objectiv~ of the desoript- or In<lium.Cpolis~ wi'lt be the· speaker £\t ive portion of the reports was· a brief the Dect'mbcr mer:t1ng of the .Club,, to be b~t well-rounded study of the ecortomio he"l~. on,,Thursday, December 19th, in the life of the· native community both before 1 In0iah9. ~Jniori. Dr•" and Mrs~. }Toblc have and e.ftet contact,, and in. its r~lation •· been making· photo~ro.phio expeditions to with the Japanese colonists and ,the ou'b- .. the So·uthwcst over· a· period of many years, side ·vrorld& (cont. p~ ,.5~ ·.. (conto po 7)

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-4-"TRENDS IN COLONIAL POLICY IN WEST AFRICAu

(Summary of e. talk given by Dr. Jack Harr:iR before ·the Chicago Anthropological So~­iety, October 22! 1946)

The European partition of West Africa -was precipitated by the second' industr:tnl: revohtion in the mid-nineteenth C€ntury. The pressing need for oils and other rnw materials demanded by the new machine economy, and the-desire for the extension of markets for the increasing flow· or · goods, sent European commercial and poliJ tical agents into the interior to secure trade routes, to establish markets~ to develop organizations for economic devel-. opment, and to forestall competition. These predominant. factors in the acquisi­tion of West AfriCan territories wer(?·.also important determinants in the colonial policies of France, Belgium and Britain, which sought cheap and efficient control of the African populations and economic wealth. Pronouncements of colonial gov­ernments a's to the trusteeshift nature of their rule, the "Dual Magnate', "Indirect Rule", etc. although apparently sincere, received little implementation nnd the native peoples continued to suffer basic· economic, political, and socinl disabili-

seems clear that it will not be the hjghly centralized, nssimilationist empire of thfl old-style French imperialists. Belgium has promised ndther eventual self-govern­ment no:r ass i.m ilnt ion, but the Minister of Colonies has refe.i-re·<l to t.h~ ·"emancip8.tion ·of our native people" and their "tnorr.:1. l nnd intellectual civilization!'. What this · means is still uncertain~

Some implementatjon of France's nnd England's nevr po 1 :i.c ies is a. lr eady evident. Although these powers hn.vo now formnl~tod a broA.der framework in vrhich their Afi"i .... can peoples may conceivably nppr,oximnt~o · full citizenship, ~he questi6n of the ful­fillment of these goals rcmai.n~ pertinent ~n face of the discernible pressur-es for o. return to• -the old I systemo- 1i1he future of

.. ooloninl pnl icy :tn this ar~n v~a~ld. nmrnv• ;_0 d fffilu,nrn comp lex of ·dove lopin1; :fo.ctorr. ~morg which the fallowing O.re ·of imp~rto.nce: the

·.political o.nd economic o.lignmertts .w:ithin the mother countries; the povrer of thr-: un organi~ation nnd the stili~to-be~or~nted Trusteeship Council;· n: possible. -uhift' in world economic o.nd politico.l. crganizn.tion whj ch might place less empbo.sis. ·upon the desirahility of! ·colonia.l.contr.ol by on0 pow~r; and the pressµres exerted by the colonial peoples· ~hemselveso . ·:.

ties, This, toughly, was tho colonial N 0 .TE s FR o M HE n:E AND situe.tion in West Africa shortly.before - ~ - -- - -·- - - - - ,..... · - ~ -,~ ld -~r II T H E R E vTor _ v10.r • . - - - - -

The ferment of the wnr stimulated · · Alnbama Mus~um of Natural Histor_y growing nationalist movements. Inc:reaa.. --·--·-- ·- ·-·-----~ ---~ ·-·--·---....---·----~- -·

ing education, a lessening awe of .the In collnborntion witt tho University white rulers, growing awareness of the of Alab~mn. Dr. Wo.lter B. ·tToncrn, Stntc GE~o-external world, the marked contrast be- logist an~ Dir0ctor of the Alabamn Museum bet:vreen colonio.l promise nnd fulfillmont, of Natural Eistory·· hns put 1.nto effect en the short-lived but sensational sudcess nrchnooloGicnl ~rpgram ror 1946-47 •. Tho of Japan, and the Rppeals by Allied-.lea- initial work of the program is the prcpora-der s to principles of democrttcy and self- ti on of v. manuscript on t.he. nrche.eo lor,yof determination,_ sharp'ened the incre_asing three southern ·AlabciTJa counties (Clm'ke, demands of Africnns for significant part- Mobile and Baldvrjn) •. Stev:o' no W-3.mborly" icipat:ion in the poli-tical nn<l economic vAr,chaeologist, has bten v.ppotnted resenrch aff8.irs of the colonies.. At the snme associnte for tho progrnmo .. time many European peoples found them... Dr. ~Jones hn.s .recvntly r·eturne<l from selves confronted with n paro.dox when the Po.d.fic Theo.tre where he ·served ns they realized thnt the very things they Lieutonnnt-Colonel with the Army Corps were fighting for were being denied to En.dneers. Dr• Jones f.hipped bnok to the millions of colonial subjects. M~;eum n large collection or specimens

The apparent rea~tion of the framers from Australia and New GuJ.:n,ene · · The~.10 sp2c of colonial policy has been to seek some fo1ens ~jnclude the- follcwtinfj grcenstono compromise between the old form of domi.m- hearl axes_, flint knives and (\Xes·, speara, ti on and t'he insistent demands for self- vmr clubs, shie l~s nnd pE}·isono.1 ornf\ments. government nnd independence. Only Er it• An exhihit of this mo.terial is· in prcpern· ain has committed herself to the goa1 of ti on at· tha Ir:useum. ·

.. self-government for her colonies which David L. · Detfornette, Curntoi"'. Alnbnmf will remain, however,, within t}_1e Empire y~useum of lratur[\l- Histor~; has returned fm

tho Pacific Theatre where he sorve'd o.n fra:nework. France approximates this · 1·1

rr i...-....\..+. · h 1 · f "F h Captain with tHc Coast :Arti ory •.. e L'lm~n-

pror.nse in er p an o o. p.ew irenc . . ·back to the ~.~u~t;um a bao.utiful flerics of Union" ( suc;cessor to the French Empire)• Kodachrome r,l ides of. the ns.t i°tJes of Fevr The precise structure of this organizri..-. . · 0-}~riner.., Lnzon~ ·and othGr Pttcffic· .·~aln.nd.s. tion ho.s not yet been worked out .. but it, ~ .v.B. J 0 } . _ . (con..;. ovr!')

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-5-Florida ~ark Service

John Vt. Grfrt:.in will excavate mounds on state parks in s'.outhwestern Florida during November .and Decem1)er. Thia area., back from the co~~t, has had little work done on ~-t. For two weeks <luring October, test trenches ·vrere dU1; in Volusia. County, east Florida. (J. vT~~G.)

Michigan -$~ate College·.· . Professor Pa~il )!omgsPieim is off~r-1ng a new course in the fnll term· ent1tlf(\ "Comparative Social ;History11

• It includes an examination of social institutions and social life of primitive, historical)·and modern peoples pre~ented from the o.nthro­po logical and historical points of view. Professor Honigsheim is also engaged in the preparation of three articles for future publication. The first is con­cerned with the American Indians in. the philosophy of the ·18th Century-; ... the ·sec• ond with Oriental peoples in th~ same .epoch; and .the tr.ird with a study of,. Max Weber as historian of the agricul­tural activities of primitive an~ hist-orical peoples. ' ~·

Dr. Solon Yimball was a member of the staff of the Wellesley School on Com­munity Affairs this past summero He is currently engaged in research on the soo­ia l organization of the rural peoples of Michigan in conjunction with the Land Use

· planning activities of. the state exten-~ion ~ervice.(S.T.K.) .

1-Hddie American Research Insti.tuto,

Tulane granted Dr. Pob:Brt 1:1iauchope leave of absence during the· summer to

·work up the Georgia pottery excavated in 1938-40.. Dr. and Mrs o Wauchopo spent ·· seven weeks at the Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon, Georgia, and completed a preliminary analysis of most of this . material e •

With the opening of school this year, they agairf offered course·s in ·anthropolog~ These had been discontinued c1ur ing the war,, as there wn.s no one to teach them• .

Tho Institut·e hopes to engage in s,On.3 field work in ~~iddle America beg:tnning :in January and ending in ,June e The work ·m.11 probably be of a survey nature viith minor ·excavations. ., ,

We have so far issued nine number$ of the Middle American Research ReCClrds; five numbers of the Philological & Docu­mentary Studies; andtnree in tFie Misc-i e llaneous Ser ieS.. (museum guides, e.dmiri ... istrative reports, etc.). Publication plans for this year ce.11 for four cir fi.1Te volumes: one on tropical woods, ono on physical anthr.opology, one on social an­thropology, and one o. documentary study. 'Ne have several· others on the fire,. but do not ant io.ipate· brinf6ing· them out durirg the fiscnl year·• (R.w.; (c·~mt. p.6)_

MICRON~SIAN STJRvEY, (c'~nt. }' From an anthropological .point of view

the information which was ga.ther,ed will contribute both to the· ethno'gr:~phical knowledg'e of a relatively litt'l;e knovmcul­ture nrea, and to the· 'study of accultura­tion. A surprising number of culture pat­terns have survive a contact and' sever a 1 tra Hs, such as the use of tho tire-plow nnd the wearing of "grass skirts" .;by men~ were revived on Ponane because of Tmr-tinn 'shortages •. Through the succeoRion of for­e~gn powers "rl::ich have ruled them, the pe6ple of 'Ponnpe and ether islands, hnvo been furnished with a relinble method of dating, not often found 1.n· non-literate societies. In discussing cultural chungm they nse the following chronology: . Nntht period, up to ca. "1820., prior. to sffocb:v'r: co.ntact with the pustido ·v:nrld;. Prc .. spen­ish period 1826-18.86; Spani$h., period 188 6-1899; -Germa.n ,period 18 99no1914 f Japan­ese per ioc:l ·: l~ 14-1945; Amer:i. ce.n: period, Septemher 1945 to the, present. .

· One· of the most intercs'd ng 'fentures of Ponape culture is tho compcd~iti.on for prestisc through grow·ine-; yams .. 6f lnrge sizB. At each feast· the sizo or tho yr.mo contrib~ted by the men is compared, and the mnn who brings the largest yam wino prestige r:tnd prniseo A man whb consistcnt .. ly grows large yarna ire.y bo given n title. Grent care ls devoted to ea.ch step in tho process of raising, for competitive pur-­poses, large yams, some of whfoh. reach nine or ten feet in:length and three feet in d imneter. Ynm growing ia onrded on in complete secrecy, so that a man mny have the nc1vantage of' sm•prise. Men fm•morly got up at two or thre~ in the morning to plant anc1 tend their yamo in inP.ccoas iblo parts of their fe.rms bef'oro duvlight" so that no one could see them. A"'very grco.t interest is shown in nevr vnriet ios or ynms,, many of which have been introduced sin~o contact with the outside "\•rnrl<l. Tho names of 156 native vnrieties <Sf' yEi.ms were recorded; of ·which one :informnnt yrao nble to name 90 without etoppingo

DR. HA tPFR N DOE8 A '-SOLO

Phyllis Eamilton of the Chicago An­thropology Department~ now n Civilian Em­ployee with the 0th Army in Yokohama, re­lays the following story about Dr• A.M. Ealpern, linguist, formerly on the stnff of the University· of Chicago 6 but no11 serving in Japan, .

Last 1•rnel{ I had dinner with Dr o H1:ll• pern e.nd he told me the folloi•tHtg tale: Thnt morning an old friend or his called him and said·thnt some Solo Men, Baby Mo djoke:rtens is, o.nd. n. bout throe Pitheco.n­thr opus skulls w~re to be in TQkyo for th· day, ~nd nsked· if ha would li~e to come over an~ s~e ttem. Re delightedly·nccopt ed the 1nv1tat1on, e.ncl wont(ovcr \~o sr,e)

conto P• 1 o

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-6-ACTION IN GEORGIA

(Note: The excerpts that follow are· taken from a letter of Nov. 19, 1946 sent to D:r. Char le s E. Snow 'by A. R. Ite l.lY)

Ther.e isn't much to write you in con­nection wjth current research in· physical anthr-·pology at Ocmulgee. We e:re pretty much up to our ·necks with administrative work. I am going ahead with my Swift Creek Report and plan a paper on the

. Eatonton Stone Eagle and Eagle' a 'Nesto I have just heard from Bob Wauchope

at Tulane· and you may like to know ·that the Middle .American Hesearch lns.t:itute at .Tulane is publishing my.Doctor's thes~ on ~exican r~ce-mixture based Qn a prison group I worked up in·connection with the Criminal Survey urider· Hooton. Th~ thesis

-was written in 1929, however, and would hardly cnme under current research.

You will be ·interested in a small paper by T.D.· Stevmtt and P.F. Tittering­ton in the· Journal of the Viashington Academy of Sc if:nce s Vo. 36, No. 8.. Aug­ust 15, 1946, entitled "!fore Filed Indian Teeth from the 'tfoited Sto.tes." This deals with an interesting skull I sent Stewart from an Ocmulg.ee Mound showing fiU ng or notching of upper median incisor t~eth, an anomaly found to be rarely incident-

. among late prehist6ric T .. 1ississ:_ppian groups and ·wh:ich the authors think mny be. a residual Middle American trait still linge~ing amo~g our southeastern Indians. v~ihy not write Stevmrt for e. reprint? You may have an example of this·unusunl fea­ture among some of your skeletal ma.teria.1.

Tona Waring is ·back nnd has hung up his shingle in Savannah. Sn.w him the oth­er day. Be plans scime more arche6logical publicntions. Gordon Willey stopp~a over in Macon on his way ·back to Peru. "Nau­chope was here for six weeks during the surmner w9rking up his north Georgj.a. sur­vey. Willey has just written from ~~Jash­ington that Joe Caldwell was now ji.:i.st be­ginning his Allntoona Dam survey and m~ be dovm to see us before lon~. I saw Madeline Kneberg and T.~.P. Lewis on re­turning to ·Macon ·from NPS Conference nt Mam111oth Cave the other day. They seem to have a very fo.vor_e.ble ·set-up for con• ·t inuing research and publication. Their Eiwassee Island was a. honey. .

It vro.s interesting to see Jesse Jen­nings' comrr.ent in the current number of Antiquity regarding the Folsomoid material near Franklin, Tennessee, Is it possible that Macon Platenu, loaded with Adena. traits, may be associated with Folsomoid flints, a residual late adumbration which· carre down with the linked traits of Adena Copenn, yet somehow managed to miss the Archnic levels? I shall examine our Uocon

mater ia ls to test ·this hypothesis. comments would be appreciated.

-~(cont.)

Northwestern University

Any

During the summer students nnd members of the Department did field work in three different areas. Dr. and Mrs. Hallowell headed a group of five studonta from 1Torth­western University and one from"the 1Jn.iv­ersity of Chicago among the Wisconsin .Ojibwa (see BULLETIN, Vol: I, No. 1). tr. Bascom spent the spring nnd summer on Pona.pe, Eastern Ca:ro lines, in }Ucroneoia as a member of the econonic survey of the U.S. Corrunercial Company. Dr'. Waterriw.n recorded folk music in Puerto Rico for the Librnry of Congress and the Puerto Ricnn Office of Information and did prelimi.nary work in Cuba. Miss Berta tlontero-Snnchez, a graduate student 1 spent the ·summer in Cuba studying folkloreo

Plans for field work next sunnner are already taking shape. Dr. Waterman and Miss Montero-Sanchez plan to return to Cuba to continue their work in,cooperntion with Professor Garcja-Robiou of the Univ­ersity of Hnvrina. Two g-rndunte studcntn will have a year in the fiold; Miss Brikn Eichhorn in southern Raiti. and Mr. Ruy Coelho among the Black Ca~ibs of Guatemala r.nd Honduras.

Several pieces collected by Profeasom Herskovits and Bascom nre included .in tho Exhibjtfon of African 11rt which io hc~n~ shown from November .f'ir-st to t·w-enty~fou:rth at the Baltir.10re Museum of Art.,

Dr. Hollowell is devoting only half­timg_ to teo.chtng; _durJ,n[; ~he cux:_r£3-n_t __ ycnr, and is comrr:ut:ing to ·washington on nltf'rnntf weeks as Chairman of tho Division of J .. n­thropology nnd Psychology of the National Research Council.

As in other universit:i.es in tho Mid­west, ·there are increa~ed en-rollments in anthropology, and the Department is die­cussing rcviaions of its offerings to meet tl:e current needs. (WRB)

Oberlin College .. ' Oberlin College hM just acted to givt

anthropology equal emphasis with sociolor;y changing the title of the Department of · Socl~logy to: The Department of Sociology and Anthropology. ··nnder the chairmanship of Pr1fe~~or Loren c. Eiseley, the D0part­ment in .undergoing reorgo.ni?.ation._. A

~ C '.1'1'1t- • 0\TI·"'

. .. (...- .

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY at

MICEIGANSTATE COLLEGE

Th.e Department of Sociology and An­thropology at Michigan State C6llege has recently established a special series of ten courses in'the field of applied soc­ial s 1 .ience. The series .has been desig­nated "Community Organization and Admin­istration.11

-7-

fr. Solon ~. Kimball is responsible for instruction in four courses in the field of applied anthropo~ogy. These . , include:"Environment, Technology and Culture"; "Social Anthropology"; "Nat- . i ve Peoples and Colonial Administration"; anc1 "Sqcia~ Organization and'.APn1iµi~tr,,~­tion." ·The other six courses are in the area of sociology.and social psychology.

The obje~tives and purposes of the series as stated in _the announcement, . follows.

"The complex nature of modern so~ie­ty demands administrators who underatan~ problems of social organization and the human relations which are involved. ·.This area .of specialization in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology is designed to train students in applying the know­ledge and techniques of these disciplines in administration. Empl0yment opportuni­t~es develop in both rural and urbnn fields of.government, in industry, in connection with military services nnd in education. 'T'he series should ce of 'parti-,

1 cular value to persons intending to I specialize in administrative positi~ns in. extension work in agriculture, person- ·1 nel relations in industry, and the admin-. istration of native pooples. 0 (STK') ;

1 ·,.

HALPERN'S SOLO (cont.) !! .I :1

~ I the original Solo 1fan. When he ard ved he learned that not only was he known as an anthropologist, but that he was to be : the official ~expert. to ide.ntify the bones l; After humbly declining the privilege of · passing judgment on wbether or n'ot this was the original Solo, he was forced into; it. Is this Solo Man? Ee thr:mrrht it was, while in the background a Japanese schol-1 ar chuckled to· himself, for he l.~s a phys~ ical anthropologist, but his opinions · were not called for. After stating th.at these might be the origin9l akulls Dr. falpern was invited into the inner sanc­tum of a general and there, perched on

his desk was S~lo Man, the first, sur­ro11nded by photographers ond press Rg;ents who were avmiting the verdict of the of­ficial anthropolob'ist. The pictures were taken, aria a lthouglf they hnven~t. yet ap­peared in Stars a.nd Stripes, ~ou•ll prob­ably see them soon sinc·e .hbe im going to send some copies ·home.. Sound.a ,}i,ke he is stealing Bi 11 Kro-gmnn' s thunder,. but ns far ns Abe is .concerned, .it vms .a, lot of "skullduggery" on somebody',s pnrt e

IFDIP. NA ANTHROPOI.OGY. C·LUB( cont o)

and have become. increa..singly interested in documenting photogr.nph1ca1ly the ~iv­ing peoples and prehis~oric remf\ins of . this ~egion. Dur.ing the'. past .. y~ar or. so they have explored and photo~raphed.sev­eral prehistoric sites which.wer:~ little known or unnoted by Southwestef".n· arch~co­logists. From his wealth of' mnterial~ Dr. Noble .. will show colored .slid.es of three .Turkey Ruin, previously only slightly known, Ladder Cave Ruin (of wh:ich D~. Noble· has .the only photographic. reoor<l. made), and the 'Re a Ro.ck region: ir1,which hitherto unnoted evidence of cliff d~rel­lers was found. After tho ,program Club members and· their guests .wi)..l_ gather for an informal Christmas party iti the Com­mons of the Indiana. Unione ~

Officers"or the Anthropology.Club for 1946-47 are Erminie w: Vooge.lin, president Georg 1Jeumrrnn, vice-president; ~·'.ary Frances Kelly, secretnry-treaaure1:'"; Po.tri­c ia Delks, editor; C.F. Voegelin, rnculty sponsor. The Club was formed_ last year, with Georg 'tfoumnnn serving as its first pres; dent... . · ·: (E. W, V.)

POTES (cont~)

course of study is }eing work~d out to en­able students within the Department to complete a full ma.jar in either anthro­pology or soc.iology •.

r·r. Ei se ley :·was· recent it. :~warded a .grant from the Viking Fund of New York City to be used in making n curvey or cer­tain ~r~h~~olo~icnl ~roblcms in South Africa. He plans to spend the c6ming summer months in making this survey, re-. turning in time for the fall .semester. f,uring th~ past summer he taught in the nepartment of J~nthropology at Columbia Univer~dty, offerj)ig--·a course in the Biolo~y of Race. (L.C.E.) (c0nt. p 8.)

. ..

NOTES ( ~ont.)

Ohio State Museum

A comprehensive Pibliogrnphy of Ohio Jlrchaeology has been prepared by tJames H. Rodabaugh and Richard G. ~org~n of the Ohio State Archn~logicnl and Bist0rical Society. This work, which is now being edited, will probably first appear in mimeographed form. (R.G.M.)

Ohio State University

-8-

and tho rhysical Anthropology of the early Shell Eeap Peoples. Professors 1'/illiam s. YJebb, head of the department, 1!Iilliam G. Haag apd Chnrles E.,. Snow are planning to attend the. Anthrop,ological Meetings at Chicago. (C.F.S.)

The normal course of ,events was . " ' '-..._ . i Now that anthropology nt Ohio State is ·.a two-man affn.· ir I. a re:. vised and expand ed course program has been plenned_and wiii go :into effect in 'the Autumn quarter af 19.47 ... · We will be offering the follow­ing . c our'ses:

enlivened bv visits from thre.e .. anthro­polosists a ~On November . .12; Prof·• ·Ralph Linton came here to givo the opening lecture in the Univ~rsity's marringe relations series for upper clansmen. Ef' traced the institutlon- of n;nrrfoge to its

. . Introductory. Cultural Anthropology; n co~rs~ in intr.oductory physical anthro­pology, human evolution and prehistory; Social Organi~atiori of Preliterate People~ Re lidon and Wor.ld Vi cw in. S~mpler Socie­ties; American· Indian• ~thnolo.~y; J'.merican archaeology; Culture and Pers0nality; The tynamics of American Culture; and a course in the thf·ory of race and culture conflicts. The usual series of graduate seminars in vnrious fields will continue to be offered. ·

In the Winter quarter, .Jim Spuhler will be teaching [\ section of .1ntroductor human genetics in the Department of Bio­logy in addition to his anthropolo~ical duties. Fe has also been conducting n fo.culty sem-inar jn theoretical geno~tics in Biology, and n seminar for Sociology in social biology. These wjll continue~ in the !Hinter quarter. The ·writer vrill teo.ch the regular anthropological courses in addition to a graduate semin­ar in the relation of sociolobipal to &n­thropological theory.

With the addition of the course in physicnl·anthropology, ovolut5on 1 an<l prehistory, our introductory lev~l will be complete. This course and the ·one ·in cultural anthropology will be offered concurrently each quarter. (J,W.B.)

l!_ni_v_~!:'_s_~ t~c-~f- ~e~~~-~L. ~ ·

Research continues at the 7r'niversity of Kentucky, Department of' Anthropology, is both th~ Arc~neology of the Archaic,

probahle prinate or:igi,n;· .deacribqi the various forms of marriage thnt·~re found in human societies; pointed up some of the adv11ntn.ges of polygyny; stressed· the universal idenl of perm~nence ·in marital relationships; ~nd concl~ded with tho prediction thQt our own divorce. rate will ~ontimtt~ to. mount. but thnt our soc ).ety would ultimntely .find.a solution to this prob 1em. '.\fh~ le he was. j.n Ann Arbor, Ir. Linton also •spoke inforrnally with vnrious- faculty nnd student groups.

Dr. \l~u·grtret :::end paid n.br,ief 'Visit t'.) th is campus on N.ovember 2 h , She e.d-­dr8 s sed a mesting of ~nnitary engineers ~ t t f!e .Sr:hoo 1 of Pub lie P.en lth-1 .and enve n tr;lk to the members of the ln1t·hropolo6y CluL

furinc the followin~ week George Quhnhy, Curator. of- 11nthropol6gical exhi­bits nt the Chicago Natural Hi~t6ry Ilfuseum ·wus _in town ... .Jl.lthollgh ho .mude no formrt.l addresses he discussed a number of pro1lems with ·varim.~s loco.I nnthropolo• ,,. i st s.

'Prn.ctically the .entire- memb"frship of r the stctff is plnnn~nr: to attend the Chrfat~

m~s meet~n~s-nt Chicago. (M~Te)

;Tniversity of Tennessee·

· · Thr~e new ~ouries in anthropolog~ are to he ndded to the next catalog rnd the Divisioh )f Anthropol0~J is to be . .rciven n liepi:1rtme,nta.l- stnti.lB. ' Tho rjerson­nel is still limited to ~'.ri'.N. Lew:ls (Professor) and l.~'.;deline- !lm~berg (Asso­ci~«te· Professnr )~ ·-(cont. P• 9.)

... :

-9-

ASSISTANTSHIPS at MICEIGJ..N STATE COLLE(_~E

Dr. Charles P. Loomis, head of the Department of Sociology and hnthropology at ~·;ichigan State College, has announced that a number of assistantships are nva~ lable in this department for the coming academic year. These provide up to ~800 for persons working toward a master's degree, and ~1000 for doctoral candidates. Tuition is also included. Applicants have the choice of concentration in sev­eral disciplines! including anthropology. Interested persons should communicate with Dr. Loomis or the rean of the Grad-

1

uate School.

NOTES (cont.)

During the week beginning November 11 we made a survey of sites in the Wau­tauga and South Holston reservoir areas. These are areas which wjll be inundated eventually by two T.V.A.dams now under construction.

Vol. II, No. 4 of the TEmIBSSEE ARCHAEOLOGIST was issued during October. It is a new lithoprinted quarterly of 20 pages. The next number will be of especial interest in th~t it contains an account of the finds of three pre- · sumed artifacts made from oineralized mastodon bone nnd tusk. (T.i·1.N.L.)

EASCO~ JOINS EOhRD

~iniversity ot Wisconsin

·T. C. lfoKern, Director of the Milwau­kee Pub lie ~.~useum, gave a talk before the ;~riscrmsi.n Pistoricnl Socjety on Tuesd1:ty, October '29. .

~~iss Susan T'~iles, who iB curator at the Wisconsin Historical Museum, spoke at the Wisconsin Women's Club on the American Incians of the state. She is supervising the rearrangement and exhibi­tion of tho nrchacolo~icnl nnd ethnolo~ic­al materials of the Wisconsin Ilistor~cal Society.

J0hn U seem, who recently joined the Rural Sociology Department, i~ planning a series of research projects.in rural communities,

Tom McKern, son of· ~n.c. ~~oKern, has recently -ioined Miss Alice Bro and 11 ':ias Bernic;V~plan as teaching ns~istant for the introdt:lCtory course in Anthropology. Incidentally, he beca~e a·father of a son on ~fovember 16. (s.M .. -)

Vfostern: Rese.!!e University

rrihe Eamann ltuseum of the Department of P.nfatomy of Western Reserve University Schoo 1 of T(edic ine has resumed, in addi­tion ta its other activities, studies of thA pre-history of nothern Ohio, Early this nnst sur.1r:er a party of anthropologi­cal students conducto.c1 a preliminary ex• cavation of a pre-hlstoric village sito near C'lev~land, Ob:i.o. The party wns under the r1:recti.on of ?Aymond s. Fahy.

VFi 11 iam F. Sas sri.man anc1 the under­s i~ne d Rre preparing for publication A re~ort of excavations conducted in 1942.

(~.S .. B.)

Prof. William R. 1ascom, recently returned from Kic~onesiR, has agr~ed to serve on the editorial board of the RUl­LETIN. Be will cover antl)raP,0:\-9.e:Jcnla~- !

tivities at Northwestern, anu vnil keep j £:.!1_f2i.6 _o~t J~r._f~l~l_?.r~ .~-t~!n.0 • _____ _:. .;.·- ___ ... _______________ -·

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