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Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
1
RISK-BASED MANAGEMENT OF GUARDRAILS: SITE SELECTION
AND UPGRADINGPresented to
Project Steering Committee
Virginia Department of Transportation
by the
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems
April 17, 2000
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
2
Agenda
• Introduction
• Risk-based screening of corridors
• Data representation for site screening
• Multiple objectives in the selection among candidate sites
• Software demonstrations
• Discussion
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
3
Project TeamCenter for Risk Management of Engineering Systems
James H. Lambert, Research Assistant Professor of Systems Engineering, Center Associate Director
Yacov Y. Haimes, Quarles Professor of Systems Engineering and Civil Engineering and Center Director
Jeffrey A. Baker, BS/MS StudentChristian R. Baldwin
Irene A. JacoubMike R. Raker
Virginia Transportation Research CouncilWayne S. Ferguson, Research Manager
VDOT Richmond DistrictTravis Bridewell, District Traffic Engineer, Richmond District
Jeff Wilkinson, Transportation Engineer, Traffic Engineering Section, Richmond DistrictBaron Gissendaner
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
4
Project Team (cont.)
Additional Steering CommitteeSteve Edwards, Transportation Engineer Senior, Traffic Engineering Division, Central Office
Paul Kelley, Transportation Engineer, Location and Design Division, Central OfficeCharlie Kilpatrick, Fredericksburg Resident Engineer, Fredericksburg District
Bob McCarty, Senior Field Operations Engineer, Federal Highway Administration - RichmondGinger Quinn, District Safety Officer, Traffic Engineering Section, Salem District
Nancy Berry, Transportation Engineering Program Supervisor, Location and Design Division, Central Office
Bill Bushman, Virginia Transportation Research CouncilAngela Tucker, Resident EngineerWillie Gentry, Resident Engineer
Alan Leatherwood, Resident Engineer
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
5
Problem Statement
• Public and transportation-agency values concerning the location of roadway guardrails in need of clarification
• Concerns of Virginians for adequate guardrails high relative to the national norms
• VDOT Districts select locations for new guardrails based on citizen complaints, a general knowledge of roadway needs from local engineers, and accident history
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
6
Problem Statement (cont.)
• Kentucky hazard-index point system (Kentucky Transportation Center Report KTC-89-39 "Warrants and Guidelines for Installation of Guardrail")
• Hundreds of candidate locations on the thirteen-county secondary system of Richmond District
• New Kent and Charles City County the focus of a related preliminary study in Richmond District
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
7
Purpose and Scope
Identify attributes and develop associated cost-benefit-risk tradeoff methodology to
support screening and evaluation for guardrail site selection and upgrading with limited
available funding
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
8
Purpose and Scope (cont.)
• Objectives– Review and evaluate what others have done– Adopt assessment methods– Develop tradeoff methodology– Specify and develop prototype databases
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
9
Screening of Corridors
G u a rd ra ilC o vera ge
T o ta l a cc id e n tsR u n-o ff th e ro ad acc ide n ts
F ixe d O b je c t a cc ide n ts
A cc id e n tH is to ry
A D T
P o ss ib le S ea rch es
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
10
Evaluation of Sites
C o s t H a za rd ch a ra cte ris ticsse verity, le n g th
R o a d ch a ra c te ris t icssh o u ld e r w id th ,s lo pe , cu rva tu re
P o ss ib le sea rch es
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
11
Risk Based Screening of Corridors
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
12
Motivation
A data-driven approach to assess accident risk and associated guardrail needs across Districts and Residencies
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
13
Data Needs• Screening
– Guardrail inventories• Percent unprotected hazards
• Percent guardrail coverage
• Percent substandard guardrail
– Accident histories• FO accidents per DVMT
• Fatalities caused by FO accidents
– Average daily traffic
– Complaint records
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
14
Data Needs (cont.)
• Evaluation– Cost (installation, upgrade)– Length of hazard– Severity of hazard– Shoulder width– Slope– Curvature
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
15
Accident Statistics• Disadvantages
– Unreported accidents– Severity iceberg– First and most harmful event – Fatalities do not occur frequently enough to
be statistically predictive– Random nature of road accidents
(Adams, 1996), (Michie and Bronsted, 1994)
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
16
Accident Statistics (cont.)
• Advantages– Available– Factual– Public interest
(Adams, 1996), (Michie and Bronsted, 1994)
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
17
New Kent Case Study
• Initial data collection– Routes 600-608
• Corridor analysis– Collect data– Perform calculations (accidents per mile,
accidents per DVMT)– Generate tables and graphs
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
18
Corridor Analysis
• Compare routes for frequency and severity of accidents
• Compare accident statistics with guardrail coverage
• Advantages– Reduce randomness of individual accidents– Use summary statistics available in HTRIS
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
19
Corridor Analysis (cont.)
• Disadvantages– Does not focus on individual locations– E.g., many locations of mediocre severity vs.
one location of very high severity
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
20
Data AcquisitionC
orrid
or
Leng
th in
Mile
s
DV
MT
Tot
al
Acc
idet
s
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Inju
ry A
ccid
ents
PD
Acc
iden
sts
Per
sons
Kill
ed
Per
sons
Inj
ured
Am
ount
of
PD
FO
Acc
iden
ts
Run
off
the
roa
d A
ccid
ents
Fat
al a
ccid
entr
s du
e to
RO
R A
ccid
nets
Inju
ry A
ccid
nets
due
to
RO
R a
ccid
ents
PD
acc
iden
ts d
ue t
o R
OR
Acc
iden
ts
Per
sons
kill
ed d
ue t
o R
OR
Acc
iden
ts
Per
sons
inju
red
due
to R
OR
Acc
iden
ts
PD
due
to
RO
R A
ccid
ents
600 5.2 1932 2 0 1 1 0 1 $1,400 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0601 2.58 652 2 0 2 0 0 2 $15,200 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 $4,000602 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0603 4.24 695 3 0 3 0 0 3 $18,000 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 $14,000604 2.2 734 1 0 1 0 0 1 $1,000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0605 1.16 909 1 0 0 1 0 0 $1,700 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0606 7.4 2374 21 0 10 11 0 16 $113,415 9 10 0 7 3 0 13 $49,700607 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0608 7.24 1818 10 0 2 8 0 6 $46,000 6 8 0 2 6 0 6 $43,000
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
21
Corridor Screening0.82 605, 606 2.84 606 0.00 602, 607
6080.37 601, 603 1.35 606 0.00 600, 602,
606, 608 604, 605607
0.53 601, 605 1.22 606 0.00 602, 607606, 608
0.00 none 0.00 all 0.00 all0.00 none 0.00 all 0.00 all0.42 601, 603 1.35 606 0.00 602, 605
604, 606 6070.23 601, 603 0.95 606 0.00 600, 602
606, 608 604, 605607
0.41 605, 606 1.49 606 0.00 601-604, 608 607
0.06 606, 608 0.83 608 0.00 600-606607
Accidents per mile
PD ROR accidents per mile
Total accidents per mile
ROR accidents per mile
FO accidents per mile
Fatal accidents per mileFatal ROR accidents per mile
Injury accidents per mile
Injury ROR accidents per mile
PD accidents per mile
[Similar treatment of accident counts and accidents per DVMT]
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
22
Corridor Screening (cont.)
• Example graph– Run off the road accidents per DVMT
0.00000
0.00100
0.00200
0.00300
0.00400
0.00500
600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608
Corridor
Acc
iden
ts p
er D
VM
T
Total Accidents Injury Accidents PD Accidents
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
23
Data Representation for Site Screening
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
24
Motivation
Need to organize data on many hazards protected and unprotected by guardrail on 40,000 miles of roadway across Virginia
Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems University of Virginia, Charlottesville
25
Sample of Guardrail InventoryR
OU
TE
:
CO
UN
TY
:
EX
IT #
:
RA
MP
:
NO
# O
F L
AN
FLO
W D
IRE
C
RT
# O
R L
T#
BE
G M
ILE
PO
EN
D M
ILE
PO
E R
UN
-ON
E M
AIN
RU
N
E R
UN
-OF
F
E A
TT
EN
UA
T
E F
OA
# e
nd t
reatm
ents
cost
of
end t
reatm
ent
Length
length
(ft
.)
cost
of
repl.
UP
GR
AD
E R
E
249NEW KENT 2 WEST RT 2.52 2.57 GR-6 GR-2 GR-6 2 5000 0.05 264 2640 N
249NEW KENT 2 EAST RT 2.58 2.52 GR-6 GR-2 GR-6 2 5000 0.06 317 3168 N
249NEW KENT 2 WEST RT 2.63 2.74 GR-6 GR-2 GR-6 2 5000 0.11 581 5808 N
249NEW KENT 2 WEST RT 10.5 10.5 FOA GR-2 GR-6 FOA 2 5000 0 0 0 N
249NEW KENT 2 WEST RT 10.5 10.5 GR-5 GR-2 GR-5 2 5000 0.03 158 1584 Y
249NEW KENT 2 EAST RT 10.5 10.5 FOA GR-2 GR-5 FOA 2 5000 0.01 52.8 528 Y
249NEW KENT 2 EAST RT 10.5 10.6 GR-5 GR-2 FOA FOA 2 5000 0.08 422 4224 Y