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Center for Research and Policy Making
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The impact of the crises on industrial relations in Macedonia
Dr. Marija Risteska
Center for Research and Policy Making
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The report – in numbers
4 Chapters 12 tables 10 boxes 3 case studies 73 pages
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Chapter 1
The historical developments in social dialogue in Macedonia
The legal and institutional framework The partners in social dialogue Representativeness Density Bargaining
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History of social dialogue
Period 1: 1991-2003 Capital transformation and transition of economy Lowering union membership Weak legal and institutional framework of social
dialogue Lack of legitimate partner to represent employers in
negotiation process
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History of social dialogue
Period 2: 2003-2009 Stagnation in the work of the ESC New legal framework was adopted (in a
consultative way) Representativeness was defined
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History of social dialogue
Period 3: 2010-2012 Invigorated dialogue Collective agreements are signed However, on regional and sectoral level
improvements still needed
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Industrial relations -ESC
UIAUM
Business MACEDONIA
FTUM
EAM
CFUM
MLSP
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Density
Public sector - 54% Private sector - 31%
By sectors Communal services - 86% Education and science - 80% Forestry and wood industry - 74% Banks and financial services - 68% Chemistry and metals - 59%
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Chapter 2 – Crises and challanges
Economic dimensions of the crises Employment and the crises Crises and wages
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Economic dimensions of the crises in MK
Country 2008 2009 2010
2011 projections
(IMF-WEO)
Macedonia 5.0 -0.9 0.7 3.0
Croatia 2.2 -6.0 -1.2 1.3
Romania 7.3 -7.1 -1.3 1.5
Bulgaria 6.2 -5.5 0.2 3.0
Turkey 0.7 -4.7 8.5 4.6
Albania 7.7 3.3 3.5 3.4
Eurozone 0.4 -4.1 1.7 1.6
GDP Growth Rate in Selected Countries
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The economic dimensions of the crises in MK
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
105.9 110.0 115.6 105.6 100.5
Industrial Production
2004
2005
2006
2007 2008 2009 2010
Activity rate 58.8
60.7
62.2
62.8 63.5 64 64.2
Inactivity rate 41.2
39.3 37.8
37.3 36.5 36 35.8
Employment rate 36.8
37.9
39.6
40.7 41.9 43.3 43.5
Unemployment rate 37.4 37.6 36.3 35.2 34 32.3 32.2
Labour Market Indicators
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Perspectives of social partners on the impact of the economic crises
Employment Mostly affected the metal and textile industry Employers interested in new job openings / unions in keeping existing jobs Biggest losers are workers employed on fixed contracts New employments (in public sector, agriculture and construction) are again on fixed
contracts 8.5% (2005) →12% (2010)
Wages The introduction of the gross wage concept increased wages in 2009/2010 Wages increased for qualified workers The workers on fixed term contracts were faced with decreasing wages (especially in
the metal industry) Wages remained same in textile sector (labor intensive and with minimal wages)
Safety at work As a result of unemployment, increased job losses the employers turn not to provide
adequate work conditions Most affected young workers, women and elderly workers Data shows decreasing trend in work injuries in times of crises
Education Lack of qualified workers Need for vocational training especially in the sectors which are developing in times of
crises (construction, wine industry, food processing industry)
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Policy Development process for responding to the crises
Chamber of private producers
Commercial chamber
Chamber of businesses in northwest Macedonia
GoMEconomic Reforms
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The policy responses to financial crises
Legislation changes Regulatory guillotine Regulatory impact assessment
Fiscal instruments Salary payment incentives (wage taxes to be paid by 15th day
in the month) Allowing writing off of company’s debts
Instruments to improve competitiveness Access to finance Property reforms Active labor market measures (long term unemployed and
vulnerable groups) Consumption stimulation instruments
Influx of public investments in construction sector Construction of commercial objects on the Corridor 8
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Policy responses – austerity measures
Temporary prohibition of public employments Wage increases announced in 2009 were
postponed Prohibition of purchase of equipment, furniture
vehicles, trips abroad Control of the employments through temporary
employment agencies and wages paid to such staff
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Social dialogue in times of crises
2010-2012 renaissance in social dialogue Social partners active in proposing recovery
measures Government active in proposing and consulting
the crises recovery measures
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Gap analysis
UIAUM
Business MACEDONIA
FTUM
EAM
CFUM
MLSP
UIAUM
Business MACEDONIA
FTUM
EAM
CFUM
MLSP
Chamber of private producers
Commercial chamber
Chamber of businesses in northwest Macedonia
GoMEconomic Reforms
Chamber of private producers
Commercial chamber
Chamber of businesses in northwest Macedonia
GoMEconomic Reforms
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Conclusions and recommendations
Even though unions were ignored and not formally included in the development of the anti-crises measures their interest were protected by the public interest represented by the GoM
The potential of the social dialogue as forum for discussion was not used in times of crises for development of the key recovery tools
There was high interest among all social partners to contribute to discussions on the impact of the economic crises and the development of the policy responses for recovery from the crises
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Mission is possible!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL53cWffrBM&f eature=youtu.be
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Marija [email protected]
[email protected]: 0038970533992
Center for Research and Policy MakingCico Popovik st.6-2/9 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
T: +389 2 3109932 F: +389 2 3109932www.crpm.org.mk | [email protected]
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