Center for Probing the Nanoscale - NSF NSEC Grant 0830228 PI: Kathryn Moler, Co-PI: David Goldhaber-Gordon

Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305

About the Center for Probing the Nanoscale

•  apply these novel probes to answer fundamental questions in science and technology

•  transfer our technology to industry in order to make these novel probes widely available

•  inspire students, teachers and the public about nanotechnology

Stanford University and IBM Corporation, with funding from National Science Foundation, founded the Center for Probing the Nanoscale to achieve five principal goals, to:

•  develop novel probes that dramatically improve our capability to observe, manipulate, and control nanoscale objects and phenomena

•  educate the next generation of scientists and engineers regarding the theory and practice of these probes

Selected 2010 Publications

50

Teacher Programs Industrial Outreach •  Summer Institute for Middle School Teachers

•  Inspire middle school students in science by educating and training their teachers

•  Partnerships with Formal and Informal Science Education

Centers

•  Annual Nanoprobes Workshop •  Bring together academic and industrial scientists to exchange

knowledge and ideas •  Broaden the horizons of participants •  Initiate research projects with industry •  Provide venue for interaction between industry and graduating

students •  ~200 participants •  13 companies

•  Industry Field Trips •  Industrial Affiliates Program

•  Sponsored research programs •  Participation in Center activities

•  Online Teacher Resources

•  Activities linked to Science Standards •  Classroom Materials •  Teacher Preparation Materials •  Lending Library •  Development of low-cost classroom activities with Bay Area

distribution through Resource Area for Teachers (RAFT)

•  Industry Field-trips for students •  Career Workshops and Seminars

http://nanoteachers.stanford.edu

•  Measure electronic properties of materials at 10 nm resolution •  Nanoprobe tools under development

•  Near-field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (NSMM): electric or magnetic coupling of a microwave signal from a tip to a sample

•  Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM): Electrostatic coupling of a quasi-DC tip voltage to sample

•  Advancing development of Magnetic Force Resonance Microscopy (MFRM) toward a molecular structure microscope

•  Non-destructive and elementally selective 3D imaging technique •  Goal: extending spatial resolution to below 1 nm

Demonstrated 4 nm 3D spatial resolution using Tobacco Mosaic Virus

microwire

laser

cantilever

FeCo tip

sample

•  Measure the forces, mechanical properties, and dynamics of biological membranes with critical resolutions of nanometers, microseconds, and pN by developing and employing novel probes. •  Combine ultrafast cantilevers with bio-functionalized stealth probes to insert into the membrane

Nanoscale Electrical Imaging Goldhaber-Gordon, Shen, Kelly, Pruitt

Bio-Probes Melosh, Butte, Solgaard

•  develop and demonstrate techniques with the magnetic sensitivity and spatial resolution to characterize individual nanomagnets

•  Tools under development: •  Scanning SQUID Microscope, Scanning Hall Bar Microscope, Magnetic Force Microscope,

Near-field Sagnac Microscope

Individual Nanomagnet Characterization Moler, Kirtley, Kapitulnik, Moerner

Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging Rugar, Pruitt

Educational and Industrial Outreach

Associate Director: Tobias Beetz tobi@stanford.edu

Program Manager: Laraine Lietz-Lucas lietz@stanford.edu

Director: Kathryn Moler kmoler@stanford.edu

Deputy Director: David Goldhaber-Gordon goldhaber-gordon@stanford.edu

Center Management

http://cpn.stanford.edu

(A) Representative AFM curve of penetration through a bilayer stack. (B) Histograms of stacked bilayer penetration distances (C) Schematic of breakthrough regions (D) Tip penetration behavior

Novel ultra-fast cantilevers for dynamic force measurement

[1] J. Kirtley, “Fundamental studies of superconductors using scanning magnetic imaging,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 126501 (2010) [doi:10.1088/0034-4885/73/12/126501]. [2] M. P. Jura, M. Grobis, M. A. Topinka, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, and D. Goldhaber-Gordon, “Spatially probed electron-electron scattering in a two-dimensional electron gas,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 155328 (2010) [doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.155328]. [3] B. D. Almquist, P. Verma, W. Cai, and N. A. Melosh, “Nanoscale patterning controls inorganic-membrane interface structure,” Nanoscale (2010) [doi:10.1039/c0nr00486c]. [4] E. A. Hager-Barnard and N. A. Melosh, “Effects of tip-induced material reorganization in dynamic force spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. E 82, 031911 (2010) [doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031911]. [5] A. Sciambi, M. Pelliccione, S. R. Bank, A. C. Gossard, and D. Goldhaber-Gordon, “Virtual scanning tunneling microscopy: A local spectroscopic probe of two-dimensional electron systems,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 132103 (2010) [doi:10.1063/1.3492440]. [6] K. Lai, M. Nakamura, W. Kundhikanjana, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura, M. Kelly, and Z. Shen, “Mesoscopic Percolating Resistance Network in a Strained Manganite Thin Film,” Science 329, 190-193 (2010) [doi:10.1126/science.1189925]. [7] P. Verma and N. A. Melosh, “Gigaohm resistance membrane seals with stealth probe electrodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 033704 (2010) [doi:10.1063/1.3464954]. [8] I. Wong, B. Almquist, and N. Melosh, “Dynamic actuation using nano-bio interfaces,” Materials Today 13, 14-22 (2010). [9] C. Hicks, J. Kirtley, T. Lippman, N. Koshnick, M. Huber, Y. Maeno, W. Yuhasz, M. Maple, and K. Moler, “Limits on superconductivity-related magnetization in Sr2RuO4 and PrOs4Sb12 from scanning SQUID microscopy,” Physical Review B 81 (2010) [doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.214501]. [10] J. Kirtley, B. Kalisky, L. Luan, and K. Moler, “Meissner response of a bulk superconductor with an embedded sheet of reduced penetration depth,” Physical Review B 81 (2010) [doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.184514]. [11] B. Kalisky, J. Kirtley, J. Analytis, J. Chu, A. Vailionis, I. Fisher, and K. Moler, “Stripes of increased diamagnetic susceptibility in underdoped superconducting Ba(Fe(1-x)Cox)(2)As-2 single crystals: Evidence for an enhanced superfluid density at twin boundaries,” Physical Review B 81 (2010) [doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.184513]. [12] B. D. Almquist and N. A. Melosh, “Fusion of biomimetic stealth probes into lipid bilayer cores,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2010) [doi:10.1073/pnas.0909250107]. [13] T. Oosterkamp, M. Poggio, C. Degen, H. Mamin, and D. Rugar, “Frequency domain multiplexing of force signals with application to magnetic resonance force microscopy,” Applied Physics Letters 96, 083107 (2010) [doi:10.1063/1.3304788].

Demonstrated frequency domain multiplexing of force signals. Shown here from three spin signals.

Left: Fabrication of novel probes that integrate a coaxial tip to produce a highly-localized electric field and a piezoresistor for self-sensing tip deflection. Right: Transport and three Microwave Impedance Microscopy measurements of a manganite thin film sample taken at 4.5 K.

Right: Single-Molecule Fluorescence Enhancements from Bowtie Nanoantennas (a potential technology for Sagnac Microscopy). e, Normalized absorption and emission spectra (red and blue traces, respectively) of TPQDI in toluene and scattering spectrum from the bowtie shown in c (green trace).

100 nm

Local diamagnetic susceptibility image in underdoped Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 showing stripes of enhanced diamagnetic response (white)