Center for Advanced Meta-Materials156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea TEL +82-42-868-7893 FAX +82-42-868-7849 www.camm.re.kr

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Center for Advanced Meta-Materialscamm

Center for Advanced Meta-MaterialsFor safer, more comfortable and sustainable future throughadvanced metamaterials

cammDate published : January 2017

What is a wave?A wave is an oscillation that travels through a medium or through space, transporting energy. Waves are largely divided into electromagnetic waves (generated by the vibration of an electric and magnetic fields in space) and mechanical waves (delivered through mediums like air and water).

What is a meta-material system?A metamaterial system is a system designed to have physical properties not found in natural materials by using artificial structures smaller thana wavelength to control waves.

The Center for Advanced Meta-Materials, launched in September 2014 as part of the Global Frontier Center of the Ministry of Science and ICT, is developing fundamental technologies for the convergence of metamaterial system with conventional technologies and the control of electromagnetic/mechanical waves. We pursue the realization of a safer, more convenient, sustainable and happier society by creating new growth engines in the machinery, national defense, medical service, ICT and energy industries.

Beyond the LimitCenter for Advanced Meta-MaterialsFor safer, more comfortable and sustainable future through advanced metamaterials

The Center for Advanced Meta-Materials will create new industries through the convergence of metamaterial system and the "5T’s"(IT, BT, ET, MT, DT).

IT (Information Technology)We will contribute to advancing and miniaturizing IT products, and concentrate on securingthe core technologies for next-generation smart devices and wearable devices.

Smart antennaWe are developing smart antennas that apply metamaterial system to not only greatly reduce the size, but also greatly improve the reception sensitivity and bandwidth of radio waves. Such antennas will be used as core components in related areas such as ICT, IoT, radio telescopes and communication satellites.

Electromagnetic wave shieldWe are developing compact high-performance electromagnetic wave shields and absorbers usingmetamaterial system. As these devices can be used in all devices that transmit and receive electromagnetic waves, this technology is emerging as a core technology of advanced ICT in such areas as smart devices, wearable devices, autonomous vehicles, UAVs, and wireless charging.

HologramWe are developing ultra-high-performance hologram technology that can realize thin UHD 3D displayswith wide field of view. In the future, this technology can be used in a variety of applications such as security services, displays, medical services, military, the arts, and entertainment.

Ȥ Smart antennaȤ Electromagnetic wave shieldȤ Hologram

Ȥ Stealth technologyȤ Acoustic sensor

Ȥ Ultrasonic and laser imagingȤ Ultrasonic and laser therapy

Ȥ Thin-film solar cellȤ Wireless energy transmissionȤ Thermoelectric technology

Ȥ Ultrasonic safety diagnostics equipmentȤ Ultra-light multifunctional structureȤ Deformation and shock absorption structureȤ Ultra-light noise reduction structureȤ Transparent heating glass

Meta-MaterialSystem

DTDefense

Technology

BTBio

Technology

MTMachineryTechnology

ETEnergy

Technology

ITInformationTechnology

BT (Bio Technology)We will develop state-of-the-art medical device technologies by combining metamaterial system and bio-technology, and thus help improve the health of society.

Ultrasonic/laser imaging and diagnostics technologyImaging and diagnostics technologies based on our metamaterial system provide ultra-high-definition imaging and high transmission efficiency, enabling the detection of cellular anomalies of skin tissues and organs. We will lay the foundation for advanced early diagnostics technologies for a healthier population.

Thin-film solar cellWe will develop ultra-thin-film lead-free compound solar cells based on nano-plasmonic structures and non-reflecting technologies to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thereby creating a cleaner world.

Wireless energy transmissionWireless energy transmission is a promising technology for supplying power without cables. We are using metamaterial system to develop a means for transmitting more energy farther, faster, and more broadly, with less human exposure to electromagnetic waves.

ET (Energy Technology)We are fostering a cleaner world by developing environment-friendly high-efficiency energy technologies, such as ultra-thin-film lead-free compound solar cells and ultra-high-efficiency thermoelectric devices.

Thermoelectric technologyThermoelectric technology is a technology for converting heat energy to electric energy and vice versa. We can apply our metamaterial system to thermoelectric technologies to make ultra-high-efficiency thermoelectric devices, and thus open up new markets in such areas as health care, military and aerospace.

Ultrasonic safety diagnostics equipmentUltrasonic safety diagnostics technology is the most widely deployed inspection technique in the area of non-destructive structural safety inspections. Ultrasonic devices detect system defects by generating harmless ultrasonic waves. We will improve technologies for applications in the aerospace, manufactured parts and materials industries by developing high-resolution and high-transmissivity ultrasonic equipment based on metamaterial technologies.

Ultra-light multifunctional structureUltra-light multifunctional structures based on advanced metamaterial system can combine a variety of electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties. It is expected that demand for such materials will increase in connection with the burgeoning wearable electronics market.

Deformation and shock absorption structureDeformation and shock absorption structures are used in semiconductor/display production to improve production yield, safety and protective gear to protect lives, and national defense facilities to improve security and readiness. It is possible to apply our advanced metamaterial system to develop lightweight structures that have high deformation and shock absorption properties.

Ultra-light noise reduction structureUltra-light noise reduction structures are noise absorbents and shields used for dampening the internal noise of transportation vessels (automobiles/ships/airplanes) and the floor noise of buildings. By developing ultra-thin noise absorbents and shields based on metamaterial system, we will contribute to preventing floor noise of buildings, which has emerged as a social problem, and improving the ride quality of transportation vehicles.

Transparent heating glassWe are applying metamaterial system to develop transparent heating glass with multi-functionality. The glass can transmit waves in a desired band and simultaneously heat with transparent hotwires. We can enhance the efficiency and economic feasibility by developing cutting-edge technologies for electromagnetic wave transmission control, which is currently used for windows and doors of buildings and automobiles.

MT (Machinery Technology) We are developing technology for a more convenient and safer life, for example, pleasant apartments without floor noise, smart vehicles without noise and vibration, and better nuclear power safety diagnostics.

Stealth technologyWe are developing advanced acoustic, radio and infrared stealth technologies based on metamaterial system. Multifunctional stealth technologies are expected to dramatically enhance national defense by improving the performance of weapon systems while also generating enormous economic benefits.

Acoustic sensorWe are developing acoustic sensors based on metamaterial system that offer a longer range; we are planning to use these devices in underwater cameras and sonars.

DT (Defense Technology)We will contribute to improving national defense and take the lead in improving the technologies thatpromise to spawn industries of the future such as applying stealth technologies based on metamaterial system, and using acoustic sensor technology in weapons systems like submarines and fighter planes.

Operating strategy

Moving Target

Convergence forCommercialization

Market demandsand trends

Core TechnologyPlatforms

TBRM Settings Systematization of TBRM Advancement of TBRM

Commercialization of national defense through convergence of technologies

Creating new growth engines by combining metamaterial system with the “5Ts” (IT, BT, ET, MT and DT)

Concentrating and developing key applications

Mega trends & environment analyses

Corporate demands/institutions council & technical presentations for corporate customers

Grand Challenges- Full-domain/Broadband- Loss Compensation- Ultrathin Structure

Uniqueness- Design for Manufacturing- Innovation Tech Platform- Multi-functional

Grand Challenges- Lossless- Reverse Design- Flexibility

Uniqueness- Mass Production- Fusion Products- New Products

Foundation for core and convergence technologiesPhase 1 Systematizing the core technology

platformsPhase 2 Improving the technology platforms and commercializationPhase 3

TATheoretical

Analysis

RDReverseDesign

ACAcceleratingComputation

MUMulti scaleanalysis

MPMulti

Physics

ODOptimalDesign

ETEffective medium

Theory

TRTransformation

Physics

ADActive & Dynamic

Simulation

FOFunctional Oxide

Materials

IDInterfaceDesign

HIHierarchical

Structure

RSResonantStructure

EOExtra-OrdinaryTransmission

SMSpin Meta

ASAuxetic

Structure

AZArtificial

Impedance

ANAnisotropic/

Bi-anisotropicMeta

ARArtificial

EM Index

AIArtificial

mechanicIndex

FFFar field

Measurement

NFNear–Field

Measurement

USUltrafast

Spectroscopy

MCMulti-FunctionalCharacterization

NONonlinear

Optics

ISIn-Situ

Characterization

3D3D structure

DWDirectWriting

BUBottom UP

NINano

Imprint

TPTransferProcess

DIDevice

Integration

WMWire Woven

Metal

LHFIB, E-beam,Lithography

PMPrecisionMachining

FDFilm

Deposition

TLTransmissionLine Theory

CMCoupled mode

Theory

COComputational

Analysis

STScattering

Theory

LMLow-dimension

Materials

RMRandomMaterials

GMGain

Materials

PLPlasmonicStructure

PSPeriodicstructure

SPSpectroscopy

THThermal PropertyCharacterization

MWElastic/

Acoustic Wave

DCDevice

Characterization

MIMicroscopy

REReliabilityEvaluation

LLLow-Loss

Metamaterial

MFMulti-Functional

Structure

AMActiveMeta

SLSuper/Hyper

Lens

PAPerfect

Absorber

PCPhasorcontrol

BBBroad-Band

Structure

MSMeta Surface

NMNonlinear

Meta

ECEnergy

Conversion

Materials Fabrication Characterization Advanced Meta-MaterialsDesign &Analysis

Beyond the LimitThe Center for Advanced Meta-Materials aims to use creative artificial structures smaller than the size of a wavelength to develop core technologies for the control of wave energy, and to build analysis, manufacturing, measurement platforms. This will create new markets in various industries by bringing them into convergence with 5T.

R&D Roadmap

Phase 1

Project period | September 1, 2014 ~ June 30, 2016Budget | USD 15 millionGoal | Foundation for core and convergence technologies

Project period | July 1, 2016 ~ February 28, 2019Budget | USD 30 millionGoal | Systematizing the core technology platforms

Phase 2

Project period | March 1, 2019 ~August 31, 2023Budget | USD 55 millionGoal | Improving the technology platforms and commercialization

Phase 3

Total project period September 2014 ~ August 2023 (9 years, 3 phases)

Total budget USD 100 million (government contribution)

Strategic Aim

Uniqueness· Design for Manufacturing· Innovation Core Technology Platform· Multi-functional

Grand Challenges· Bandwidth (Full-domain, Broadband)· Loss Compensation· Ultrathin Structure

Strategy for 4Gs

CAMM Strategies

Developing innovative breakthrough technologies for 20 years into the future

Industry-academia-government partnerships to achieve common goals and create synergies

Developing disruptive innovative technologies that contribute to

economic growth and creation of new markets

Cooperative with global researchers, Initiative of

international standard

Ground-Breaking

Group Global

Growth & Sustainability

“What”

“How”

4G

Vision & Goals

Vision

· Creation of new markets for advanced metamaterials

Objectives

Research Goals

· Realization of convergence technology in advanced metamaterials· Development of core technology & fabrication platform for advanced metamaterials

Technical Goals

Mechanical Meta-Materials Technology

Electromagnetic Meta-Materials Technology

Platform & Convergence Technology for

Advanced Meta-Materials

Development of core technology for elastic, acoustic, and

thermal metamaterials

Development of core technology for broadband, active, tunable, smart

electromagnetic metamaterials

Development of analysis, manufacturing, measurement platform and

convergence technology

Development of Convergence Technology

Development of Core Technology Platform

MachineryTechnology

Convergence

PlatformTechnology

· Tubular robot with high stiffness (Effective flexural stiffness  ≥ 30 %, flexural versus torsional stiffness ratio ≤ 0.3)· Structural safety inspection system with super-high resolution (FWHM 200 % , resolution : λ/5, mode conversion : 95 % (broadband))

· Accelerated analysis and design optimization platform for multi-physics/multi-scale metamaterials (> 50 times)· Large-scale fabrication platform (≥ 300,000 × wavelength)

· Infrared emissivity control for IR stealth (emissivity 1/10 times)· Hierarchical mechanical metamaterial for acoustic stealth (absorptivity ≥ 0.9, sound insulation performance ≥ 30 dB)

· Electromagnetic metamaterials· Elastic/Acoustic/Thermal metamaterials· Multi-functional metamaterials

· High-resolution ultrasound medical imaging (figure-of-merit 100 times)· Super-resolution complex medium imaging technology (spatial resolution of λ/5)· Near-field focusing with λ/5 resolution and real-time CASS(Collective Accumulation of Single Scattering) imaging

· 3D metamaterial antenna (bandwidth > 35 %, gain > 10 dBi)· Meter-scale wireless power transmission system (transfer length > 10 m)

· Pb-free thin film solar cell with high light-absorption (light-absorption ratio : 99 %, photovoltaic conversion efficiency : 10 %)· Thermoelectric device with extreme figure-of-merit (ZT > 3)

Defense Technology

Convergence

Core Technology of Advanced-

Metamaterials

Bio/MedicalTechnology

Convergence

Information &Communication Technology (ICT)

Convergence

Energy Technology Convergence

167 papers and 105 patents (as of July 2016)

Core I Platform & Convergence Technology for Advanced Meta-Materials

Research Goals· Development of analysis, manufacturing, measurement platform and convergence technology

Key Achievements· Papers - Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity of Interface Materials by Silver-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Phonon Conduits, Advanced Materials, 2016 - Ultrasensitive Detection of Residual Pesticides Using THz Near-Filed Enhancement, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Terahertz, 2016 - Morphologically Controlloed ZnO Nanostructures as Electron Transport Materials in Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells, Electrochimica Acta, 2015 - In Vivo Longitudinal Cellular Imaging of Small Intestine by Side-View Endomicroscopy, Biomedical Optics Express, 2015 - Single Nanoparticle Localization in the Perforated Lamellar Phase of Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Driven by Entropy Minimization, Macromolecules, 2015 - Squeezing Photons into a Point-Like Space, Nano Letters, 2015 - Graphene as a Flexible Electronic Material: Mechanical Limitations by Defect Formation and Efforts to Overcome, Materials Today, 2015 - Effect of Annealing Treatment on CdS/CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells Depending on Different CdS Deposition Temperatures, Solar Enegy Materials and Solar Cells, 2015

· Patents <Registered> - Floor Structure for Impact Sound Reduction, 10-1598342, 2016 - Plasmonic All-Optical Switch and Light Control Method Using the Same, 10-1571311, 2015 - Invisibility Apparatus and Method Thereof, 10-1498656, 2015 - Invisibilization Method, 10-1509301, 2015

<Pending> - Ultrasound Phantom for Focused Ultrasound, Method for Manufacturing the Same, Biomimetic Hydrogel Phantom, Method for Manufacturing the Same, Discoloring Method and Drug Delivery Method Using the Same, 10-2016-0060110, 2016 - Semi-Transparent CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells and Fabrication Method of the Same, 10-2016-56666, 2016 - A Device for Performing Spatial Light Amplitude Modulation and Manufacturing Method Thereof, 10-2016-0028502, 2016 - Method of Manufacturing Wire Grid Polarizer, 10-2015-0131007, 2015 - A Apparatus for Manufacturing the Film Having Nano-Structure Including Nano/Micro Fiber Network Formed by Electrospinning and a Method for Manufacturing the Film Having Nano-Structure Including Nano/Micro Fiber Network Formed by Electrospinning, 10-2016-0053178, 2015 - Thermoelectric Composite Materials and the Method for Manufacturing Thereof, 10-2014-0157018, 2014

Research Details· Safety diagnostic/stealth/noise and vibration· 3D hologram/antenna· Photovoltaic/thermoelectric device· High-transmissivity ultra-high-definition ultrasonic imaging system· Multi-functional/In-situ measurement and evaluation· Top-down/Bottom-up 3D nano process

Core II Electromagnetic Meta-Materials Technology

Research Goals· Development of core technology for broadband, active, tunable, smart electromagnetic metamaterials

Key Achievements· Papers - Dynamic Coupling of Plasmonic Resonators, Scientific Reports, 2016 - Graphene-Ferroelectric Metadevices for Nonvolatile Memory and Reconfigurable Logic-Gate Operations, Nature Communications, 2016 - Critical Field Enhancement of Asymptotic Optical Bound States in the Continuum, Scientific Reports, 2015 - Photoinduced Nonlinear Mixing of Terahertz Dipole Resonances in Graphene Metadevices, Advanced Materials, 2015 - Rapid, High-Resolution 3D Interference Printing of Multilevel Ultralong Nanochannel Arrays for High-Throughput Nanofluidic Transport, Advanced Materials, 2015 - Near-Infrared Coherent Perfect Absorption in Plasmonic Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguide, Optics Express, 2015 - Imaging Deep within a Scattering Medium Using Collective Accumulation of Single-Scattered Waves, Nature Photonics, 2015 - Shape-Dependent Light Scattering Properties of Subwavelength Silicon Nanoblocks, Nano Letters, 2015 - Semi-Analytic Texturing Algorithm for Polygon Computer-Generated Holograms, Optics Express, 2014

· Patents <Registered> - Metal Nano Slots and Mehods of Manufacturing the Same, 10-1575203, 2015 - Development of Yb:KYW Planar Waveguide Laser Q-Switched by Evanescent Field Interaction with Carbon Nanotubes, 10-1550048, 2015 - High-Refractive-Index Metamaterial, 5764769, 2015

<Pending> - Meta Atom for Controlling Acoustic Parameters and Metamaterials Comprising the Same, 10-2016-0053261, 2016 - Plasmonic Device, 10-2016-0036323, 2016 - Ultra-Thin Retradation Film Using 3-Dimentional Nanostructures, and Displaydevice Including the Same, 10-2016-0034649, 2016 - Active Element Based on 2D Material, 10-2016-0034376, 2016 - Development of Ultra-Compact Nanosecond Pulse Laser System, 10-2015-0118251, 2015 - Asymmetric Coplanar Waveguide Antenna Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line and Ground Plane, 10-2015-0104449, 2015 - Method For Manufactiring Anodic Metal Oxide Nanoporous Template, 10-2015-0094483, 2015

Research Details· Developing core technologies for implementing elastic wave metamaterial - Full spectrum/broad band/multiple dimensions· Active metamaterial systems - Optical logic devices/non-linear/high-speed· Metamaterial system applications - Target/hologram/high-resolution imaging

Core III Mechanical Meta-Materials Technology

Research Goals· Development of core technology for elastic, acoustic, and thermal metamaterials

Key Achievements· Papers - A Direct Hybrid Finite Elementwave Based Modelling Technique for Efficient Analysis of Poroelastic Materials in Steady-State Acoustic Problems, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2016 - Origin of Negative Density and Modulus in Acoustic Metamaterials, Physical Review B, 2016 - Amphiphilic Block-Graft Copolymer Templates for Organized Mesoporous TiO2 Films in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Journal of Power Sources, 2016 - Geometrically Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Graded 3D Beams Considering Warping Effects, Composite Structures, 2015 - Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Piezoelectric Artificial Cochlear Device and Biocompatible Packaging, Sensors, 2015 - The Effect of MWCNTs on the Electrical Properties of a Stretchable Carbon, Composites Science and Technology, 2015 - Topology Optimization for Three-Phase Materials Distribution in a Dissipative Expansion Chamber by Unified Multiphase Modeling Approach, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2015 - Well-Organized Meso-Macroporous TiO2/SiO2 Film Derived from Amphiphilic Rubbery Comb Copolymer, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015

· Patents <Registered> - Buffer Layer for Crashprotection of Glass Panel Composing Panoramic Glassroof, Glass Panel Using the Same, and Manufacturing Method Thereof, 10-1575105, 2015

<Pending> - Phased Array Acoustic Focussing Device and Method, 10-2015-0169702, 2015 - Anode Active Material for Lithium Secondary Battery, Method for Manufacturing Same, and Lithium Secondary Battery Using Same, 10-2015-0157986, 2015 - Broadband Acoustic Absorption Plate Using Broadband Acoustic Metamaterial Unit Element, 10-2015-0106832, 2015 - Broadband Acoustic Metamaterial Unit Element and Structure Using the Same, 10-2015-0104380, 2015 - Multilayer Structure Applicable to Resistive Switching Memory Having Crossbar Array Structure, Resistive Switching Memory Having Intermediate Layer of the Multilayer Structure, and Method for Manufacturing the Multilayer Structure, 10-2015-0077669, 2015 - Omni-Directional Shear-Horizontal Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer, 14/676198, 2015 - Clocking Patch, 10-2015-0026737, 2015 - Porous Panel for Reducing Noise, and Its Design Method, 10-2015-0008141, 2015 - Buffer Layer for Crashprotection of Glass Panel Composing Panoramic Glassroof, Glass Panel Using the Same, and Manufacturing Method Thereof, 10-2014-0121118, 2014

Research Details· Full-spectrum and broadband metamaterial systems - High and low-frequency elastic wave control/optimal design of auxetic materials/meta-structures· Developing core technologies for implementing thermal metamaterial - Infrared stealth/energy conversion/heat energy storage· Developing core technologies for implementing acoustic metamaterial - Active meta-material sound insulation technology/highly sensitive small acoustic antennas/underwater mufflers

cammCenter for Advanced Meta-MaterialsFor safer, more comfortable and sustainable future throughadvanced metamaterials

Beyond the LimitCenter for Advanced Meta-Materials