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Census 2011 in Portugal:
Implementation of e-Census system
Statistics Portugal - Census Unit and IT Department
Geneva, 22 - 25 May 2012
Overview
Population and housing censuses have been conducted in Portugal since 1864, in accordance with international recommendations
The census model has always been the traditional one, insofar as all statistical units (building, living quarters, household and individual) have been observed on an individual basis and exhaustively through specific questionnaires also treated exhaustively
Ever since the inception of the 2011 Census in 2006 it was decided that an online response system would be implemented, taking into account the growing possibilities of using this type of responses (easier access by citizens and a growing number of people who were familiar with this technological infrastructure).
The results obtained with citizens’ participation in answering the 2011 Census over the Internet (around 50% of the enumerated population) were quite significant and even somewhat surprising given those seen in experimental operations.
Experimental Operations
4 basic conditions to carry out the experimental operations:– Weather and population mobility conditions similar to those expected for the final operation;– Growing size and diversification of the observed population and areas;– Distribution of areas to be observed across all the main regions (7), to ensure the participation and
experience of the respective regional structures responsible for the final operation; – Appropriate time span to prepare reports on each experimental operation and incorporate the
results into the following operation.
Experimental operation and year
Census day
Size (number of
living quarters)
Data collection period Response rate to e-
census
Average time completion on e-census
Final report
E-Census E-Census + paper
Test 1 – 2008 7 April 6.911 7 April to 4 May
14 April to 4 May
14% 46 minutes July 2008
Test 2 – 2009 20 April 17.161 20 April to 10 May
27 April 24 May
9% 49 minutes July 2009
Pilot Survey – 2010
12 April 45.887 12 April to 2 May
19 April to 16 May
13,4% 42 minutes July 2010
Organization of Final Fieldwork Organisation of the 2011 Census data collection complied with the following criteria:
– The census day was 21 March 2011;– The distribution of questionnaires took place two weeks prior to the census day: between 7 and 20 March. – During the distribution of questionnaires living quarters were identified through the registration on a cover for buildings
retained by the enumerator. This cover contains the identification of the living quarters and the ID of the envelope left with the secret code PIN (inside) for answering over the Internet. The ID/PIN code was calculated so as to identify the municipality (308 across the whole country) of each living quarters. Each living quarters received the following material:
• Housing unit questionnaire with the identification area duly filled in by the enumerator (example in the next slide);• Private household questionnaire;• Individual questionnaires for residents;• Closed envelope containing outside the code and name of the municipality
and the identification (ID); inside was the ID(same as outside) and PIN.
Code and name of the municipality
ID
Organization of Final Fieldwork - Dwelling Identification
• DTMNFR means:• DT - District (18 in Mainland, 9 in
Açores and 2 in Madeira;• MN – Municipality (308)• FR – Civil Parish (4 260)
• Section (Statistical) (18 074)• Subsection (Statistical) (266 310)• Number of the Building (within the
statistical subsection)• Number of the Dwelling (within the
building)
Mainland
Organization of Final Fieldwork
Questionnaires were collected as follows:– In the week from 21 to 27 March only online responses were allowed, and enumerators sought to
collect questionnaires in those living quarters where such responses were not possible;– In the period from 28 March to 12 April simultaneous online and paper-based responses were
allowed; however, preference was given for online responses whenever that intention was expressed; there was no discrimination in the remuneration of the different types of 2011 Census responses;
– Whenever a living quarters answered the e-census, the respective enumerator received a text message on his mobile phone with the identification of the relevant living quarters;
– As of 12 April only paper-based responses were allowed.
By the end of April 97% of the living quarters distributed were enumerated. Preliminary census results were made available at the end of June 2011. Provisional census results available in the beginning of December 2011.
Supporting ArchitectureE-census or web collection system: application that made the electronic questionnaire available to housing units, respective households and individuals;
Fieldwork control: made it possible for the field staff structure to enter data on the work carried out, perform support tasks and monitor work progress;
Management and operations (Back-office): supplied information to the internal structure as well as the whole operation parameterisation and configuration;
Helpline (Helpdesk): made it possible to answer the questions and requests for assistance of respondents. A technical support website was also provided for the field structure.
Building geo-referencing: made it possible to mark the coordinates of the listed buildings and the respective identification numbers within the respective statistical area.
Back-office and Helpline indicators
1-m
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0
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900717
591
E-mails received by day
day
Nu
mb
er
of
e-m
ail
s
Pin request2%
ID/PIN request27%
Autentication problems1%
E-census system5%
Clarifications on form's questions
10%
Fieldwork37%
Enumerator/identification
<1%
Online Form16%
Sugestions2%
12,713 e-mails received from 1 March to 30 April;
Most of them (10,236) during the period for response by internet (21 March to 12 April);
Most of e-mails received (70%) were related to fieldwork and not directly related to internet response.
127,446 calls were received from 11 March to 27 April;
Problems related to fieldwork correspond to the highest reason for call;
Around 40% of online help calls are not related to difficulties on e-census system.
e-Census operational results
Dia 0
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ar
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01-A
br
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0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000 1 967 539
E-census - Total acumulated forms by day
E-census response period
Nº
of
on
lin
e f
orm
s
Alentejo
Centro
Lisboa
Açores
Algarve
Portugal
Norte
Madeira
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
36
42
43
43
47
50
64
70
E-enumerated population
%
PT
/Re
gio
n/N
UT
SII
Around 50% (5,328,044 persons) of resident population corresponding to 1,967,539 housing units have responded by internet;
The average of responses by day was 85,500;
NUTS II regions with the highest rates on internet response are Madeira (Autonomous Region) and Norte while Alentejo and Centro accounts for the lowest rates.
NUTS II Regions
e-Census operational results
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020000400006000080000
100000120000140000160000180000200000
Total online forms by day
Data collection period
Nu
mb
er o
f o
nlin
e fo
rms
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
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180,000
200,000
Total online forms by hour
Hours
Nu
mb
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of
on
lin
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orm
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First week accounted for a daily average of 115,000, with the peak on the second day;
In the remaining weeks the daily average was 72,000 responses
The end of the day (9pm-12pm) was the period in which the visits were mostly concentrated: around one fourth of the daily responses
e-Census operational results
Norte Centro Lisboa Alentejo Algarve Região Autónoma
dos Açores
Região Autónoma
da Madeira
Portugal68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82 81
77
73
75
78
75
80
78
Form completion in a unique session
PT/Region/ NUTS II
%
Average time for completion the internet questionnaire was 45 minutes.
But the form completion in a single session accounts for more than ¾ of the total internet completion.
Norte and Madeira (Autonomous Region) reached the highest rates of single completion while Lisboa and Açores (Autonomous Region) have the lowest rates.
Replies to the opinion poll
Table 2 - Results of the online evaluation questionnaire
Yes % No % NA % TOTAL
Did you pleased to answer the 2011 Census online? 192.067 94,5 9.567 4,7 967 0,5 202.601
Do you intend to use internet to answer to other statistical survey? 196.673 97,1 4.915 2,4 1.013 0,5 202.601
At the end of the e-census questionnaire completion, respondents were requested for an optional opinion questionnaire with 2 questions;
202,601 respondents have replied, corresponding to 10% of the total e-census respondents;
The large majority of the respondents to this opinion questionnaire were pleased to reply the e-census (95%) and would choose the internet response for other statistical surveys (97%).
Main conclusions
•The response rate – around 50% – shows a strong participation of the population in the online census data collection.
•The responsiveness of the implemented system proved suitable to actual demand.
•The experimental process developed in 2008, 2009 and 2010 led to a good proxy and materialisation of the operation’s final design.
