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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLESCEM 123: Environmental Impact Studies

Lecture # 1

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Define Environment.

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INTRODUCTION

The science of Environment Studies is a multi-

disciplinary science because it comprises various

branches of studies like chemistry, physics, medical

science, life science, agriculture, public health, sanitary

engineering, among others.

It is the science of physical phenomena in the

environment.

It studies the sources, reactions, transport, effect and fateof physical and biological aspects in the air, water and

soil and the impacts of human activities.

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Environment Explained

Literary Environment means the surrounding external

conditions influencing development or growth of people,

animal or plants; living or working conditions, etc. This

involves three questions:

What is surrounded?

living objects in general, and man in particular

By what surrounded?

the physical attributes that becomes the environment

Where surrounded?

Earth

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Definitions of Environment

Some important definitions of environment are as under:

Boring: Apersonsenvironment consists of the sum

total of the stimulation which he receives from his

conception until his death.

Douglas and Holland: The term environment is

used to describe, in the aggregate, all the external

forces, influences and conditions, which affect the life,

nature, behaviour and the growth, development andmaturity of living.

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Scope of the Environment

Atmosphere it implies the protective blanket of gases

surrounding the Earth.

(a) It sustains life on the Earth

(b) It saves it from the hostile environment of outer space(c) It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space and a

major portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the

sun

(d) It transmits only ultraviolet, visible, near infrared radiation

and radio waves, while filtering out tissue-damaging

ultraviolet waves.

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Hydrosphereit comprises all types of water resources,

including oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, reservoir, polar

ice caps, glaciers and groundwater.

(a) 97% of theEarths

water supply is in the oceans(b) About 2% of the Earthswater supply is in the oceans

(c) Only about 1% is available as freshwater fit to be used for

human consumption and other uses.

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Lithosphere is the outer mantle of the solid earth. It

consists of minerals occurring in the Earths crusts and

the soil (e.g. minerals, organic matter, air and water)

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Biosphere it indicates the realm of living organisms

and their interactions with the environment

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Elements of the Environment

Physical physical elements are space, landforms,

water bodies, climate, soils, rocks and minerals. They

determine the variable character of the human habitat, its

opportunities as well as limitations

Biologicalbiological elements such as plants, animals,

microorganisms and man constitute the biosphere

Cultural cultural elements such as economic, social

and political elements are essentially man-made features,which make cultural milieu.

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CLASS EXERCISE

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CLASS EXERCISE

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CLASS EXERCISE

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Importance of Environment Studies

Environment studies enlighten us about the importance of

protection and conservation of our indiscriminate release

of pollution into the environment.

Environment studies have become significant because of

the following reasons:

Environment issues being of international importance

Problems cropped in the wake of development

Explosively increase in pollution

Need for an alternative solution Need to save humanity from extinction

Need for wise planning and development

Misras Report (holism, ecosystem, succesion ,

conservation)

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Most Common

Environmental Challenges

It is essential to make the public aware of the formidableconsequences of environmental degradation.

If not retorted and reformative measures were also not

undertaken, the extinction of life on Earth will become a

reality.

It is essential to get the country acquainted with the

following common challenges:

(refer to succeeding slides)

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Overpopulation

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Poverty

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Agricultural Growth

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Groundwater Depletion

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Forests and Development

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Land Degradation

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Reorientation of Institutions

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Loss of Genetic Diversity

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Rapid Urbanization

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Air and Water Pollution

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How can we then identify if a certain project would induce

negative impacts to the environment?

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES(Environmental Impact Assessment)

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INTRODUCTION TO EIA

EIA AS AN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT TOOL

Next Session (January 18):

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CEM 123 (Lecture 1)