Cellular StructureCellular Structure

Does there exist a unit of living on the cellular structure?

working hypothesisworking hypothesis

• Does there are a unit of living on the cellular structure?- For test this:- Study of eucaryot (animal cell, vegetable cell and

yeast)- Study of procaryot (bacteria)- Does there are a unit of living on the cellular chimical

composition- Research of chimical composition by tests to

determine if there are presence of glucid? lipid? and protein?

Does there are a unit of living on the cellular

structure?

Observation without Observation without microscopemicroscope

• Only birds eggs are visible cell without microscope, we can seen a membrane, a nucleus

to join egg yolk.

the colorants tothe colorants to see invisible see invisible

• The blue of méthylène enable to bring out oxydoreduction reaction.

• The red Soudan III enable to bring out lipids.

• Liquor of Fehling enable to bring out glucids.

• The reagent of Bradford enable to bring out protids (proteins).

Vegetable cellVegetable cell• Oignon cell color to blue of méthylène observe at the

optical microscope.

squeleton wall

nucleus

cytoplasme

X 400

Animal cellAnimal cell• We have take oral cell colored with blue

of méthylène observed the optical microscope.

• • membrane

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• X400

yeast• We have take yeast cell to underline thanks to blue of

méthylène. The yeast is a animal organism unicellular.

•

• •

•

• X400

Bacteria and yeastBacteria and yeast

• cytoplasm

• nucleus

• membrane

•

• X1000

yeastyeast

bactériebactérie

taking to stem of the garden pool inside taking to stem of the garden pool inside d’Hippocamped’Hippocampe

Bacteria Bacteria • We have observed bacteria with blue of

méthylène

•

• bacterium

X1000X1000

is there unit living on a level with

chimical composition of cell

GlucidesGlucides• Fehling liquor we have allow to detect presence

of glucides in the cells studied (banana ,onion ,eggs ,…).

Lipids • Lipids react with Red Soudan III . Or at the microscope the membranes appear red

so we can say that : they contain lipids. In fact the cells are surround of a plasma membrane ,which is a fundamental barrier between cytoplasm and milieu outside of cell. The membrane is a safty film very thin which contain protein and lipids.

• According to our experiences all cells contiain lipids.

Protein • To briging to ligth proteins we have used

Bradford’s reactive in solution with differents cells. this reactive colored proteins allow for their concentration in the solution. Next, we introduce this solution in a spectrophotometer which we give the absorbation of the solution. More the absorbation is exalted more the concentration in protein is pronounced.

• All cells have got proteins according to our experiences

Protein migration

• Does there are all cell have got the same protein?

• Test of migration protein Test of migration protein

1.Rule : gel electrophoresis allow to 1.Rule : gel electrophoresis allow to make migrate proteins make migrate proteins allow for their their molecular weight molecular weight

2.Schema of gel 2.Schema of gel 11 22 33 44 55

1.Evidence test1.Evidence test2.Bacteria2.Bacteria3.yeast3.yeast4.Animal cell 4.Animal cell 5. Végétal cell 5. Végétal cell

the gel after protein migration 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5

1.Evidence test 2.Bacteria 3.yeast 4.Animal cell 5.Végétal cell 1.Evidence test 2.Bacteria 3.yeast 4.Animal cell 5.Végétal cell

Results• The eucaryots and the procaryots have

different height and différent form. However they have similarity like the membrane the genetic material and the cytoplasm.

• We can conclued according to our experiences than all cells have similarity because they all contain lipids,proteins and glucids. Howevere we don’t know exactly what they compil which contain the same lipids, proteins and glucids.