Path JeopardyCellular Responses

Path is Lots O’ Fun

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Topic 1: 1 point• A 60-year-old man died

secondary to a fungal infection of the brain. An autopsy revealed the gross findings in the photograph. Necrosis of the brain is classified as

LIQUIFACTIVE NECROSIS

Topic 1: 2 points• A 30-year-old woman who had

leukemia was treated with bone marrow transplantation. She developed a skin rash that was interpreted as a sign of a graft-versus- host reaction. In the epidermis, there were scattered dead epidermal cells that had rounded contours and pyknotic nuclei. This form of cell death is caused by

activation of caspases through receptor transmitted signals

on the cell surface

Topic 1: 3 points• Uptake of bacteria into the

cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes is called

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Topic 1: 4 points• A 28-year-old man was found to have

cirrhosis of the liver and pulmonary emphysema. The liver cells contained globular inclusions in their cytoplasm, which by electron microscopy are shown to be located inside the

Dilated cisterns of the rough endoplasmic

reticulum

Topic 1: 5 points

A 60-year-old obese man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of alcoholism. He has diabetes mellitus. A liver biopsy was performed, and the specimen showed that the liver cells contain increased amounts of

TRIGLYCERIDES

Topic 2: 1 point

This type of calcification occurs in patients who have hypercalcemia, which is most likely caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism

Metastatic calcification

Topic 2: 2 points

A 48-year-old woman has a malignant lymphoma. She is treated with a chemotherapeutic agent which results in the loss of individual neoplastic cells through fragmentation of cell nuclei and cytoplasm. The lymphoma decreases in size. The mechanism by which her neoplasm primarily responded was

Apoptosis

Topic 2: 3 points

A 53-year-old man has experienced severe chest pain for the past 6 hours. A coronary angiogram is performed and reveals >90% occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. What cellular change seen in irreversible injury will have occurred?

Nuclei undergo karyorrhexis

Topic 2: 4 points

A 30-year-old man is struck on the leg by a falling path book, which strikes him on his left leg in the region of his thigh. The skin is not broken. Within 2 days there is a 3 x 4 cm purple color at the site of injury. This substance most likely accumulated at the site of injury and produced a yellow-brown color 16 days later

Hemosiderin

Topic 2: 5 points

A 54-year-old man with a chronic cough has a squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in his right lung. During surgery, the hilar lymph nodes are jet black in color. This pigment is the most likely cause for this appearance to the hilar nodes

Anthracotic pigment

Topic 3: 1 point

A 50-year-old woman with a history of unstable angina suffers an acute heart attack. Therapy to restore coronary blood flow is given. In spite of this therapy, the degree of myocardial fiber injury may increase because of this cellular abnormality

Increased free radicals

Topic 3: 2 pointsA 29-year-old man visited the sandy luxurious

beaches on Presque Isle State Park. The next day he has a darker complexion. His skin does not show warmth, redness, or tenderness. His skin tone fades to its original appearance within a month. This substance contributes the most to the biochemical process leading to these skin changes

Tyrosine

Topic 3: 3 points

A 55-year-old man has a 30-year history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. He has had extensive black discoloration of skin and soft tissue of his right foot, with areas of yellowish soft tissue, for the past 2 months. A below-the-knee amputation is performed. This type of necrosis is called

Gangrenous necrosis

Topic 3: 4 points

A 45-year-old man has a traumatic injury to his forearm and incurs extensive blood loss. On physical examination in the emergency department his blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg. This cellular change is most likely to represent irreversible cellular injury

Nuclear pyknosis

Topic 3: 5 points• A 90-year-old woman dies from

pneumonia complicating Parkinson disease. At autopsy her heart is normal in size. On microscopic examination, there is increased lipochrome (lipofuscin) seen adjacent to the nuclei within the myocardial fibers. The cellular mechanism responsible for these findings is

Autophagocytosis

Topic 4: 1 pointThis is the first manifestation of

almost all forms of injury to cells

Cellular swelling

Topic 4: 2 points

These are the two principal forms of cell death

Necrosis and Apoptosis

Topic 4: 3 pointsThis is the result of denaturation of

intracellular proteins and enzymatic digestion of the lethally injured cell

Necrosis

Topic 4: 4 pointsThis is a special form of necrosis seen in

immune reactions involving blood vessels

Fibrinoid Necrosis

Topic 4: 5 points

A 38-year-old man has a health screening examination. He has a routine chest x-ray that shows a 2 cm nodule in the right lower lobe. The nodule shows caseous necrosis and calcification. The following process explains the appearance of the calcium deposition

Dystrophic calcification