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Cellular Respiration. Honors Biology 2012. Comprehension Check. What types of organisms need energy? What types of organisms can make their own energy?. Cellular Respiration:. DEFINITION: Complex process in which cells break down organic compounds to make ATP (ADP + ATP) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration
Honors Biology Honors Biology
20122012
Comprehension CheckWhat types of organisms need
energy?What types of organisms can make
their own energy?
Cellular Respiration:Cellular Respiration: DEFINITION: DEFINITION: Complex process in which cells
break down organic compounds to make ATP (ADP + ATP)
We feel hungry because food provides us energy, the biochemical pathway that allows us to get energy from our food is cellular respiration.
Equation for Cellular Respiration:Equation for Cellular Respiration:
FACT:FACT: A working muscle cell converts ADP to A working muscle cell converts ADP to ATP at a rate of 10 million molecules per ATP at a rate of 10 million molecules per second.second.
606022 + C + C66HH12120066 6CO 6CO22 +6H +6H22O +EnergyO +Energy
Main Reactions in Cellular Respiration (depending on presence of O2)
Overview of Glycolysis Overview of Glycolysis Glycolysis: Biochemical pathway which begins Glycolysis: Biochemical pathway which begins bothboth types of types of
cellular respiration. cellular respiration. Occurs in cytosol of cellOccurs in cytosol of cell Breaks down one glucose into two 3-carbon molecules Breaks down one glucose into two 3-carbon molecules
of pyruvic acid (pyruvate)of pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
** Note: 2 ATP’s were used in step 1, but 4 ATP’s were made ** Note: 2 ATP’s were used in step 1, but 4 ATP’s were made in step 4. This is called a in step 4. This is called a NET GAINNET GAIN of 2 ATP of 2 ATP
Glycolysis Animation
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONANAEROBIC RESPIRATION1.1. Glycolysis Glycolysis 2.2. Fermentation: absence of oxygen, some Fermentation: absence of oxygen, some
organisms can convert pyruvic acid into another 3-organisms can convert pyruvic acid into another 3-carbon compound, but NO ADDITIONAL ATP ARE carbon compound, but NO ADDITIONAL ATP ARE FORMEDFORMED
Energy released from anaerobic respiration:Energy released from anaerobic respiration: 2 ATP molecules released by glycolysis2 ATP molecules released by glycolysis 0 ATP result because of fermentation 0 ATP result because of fermentation TOTAL ENERGY GAIN = 2 ATPTOTAL ENERGY GAIN = 2 ATP This is only 3.5% of all the energy stored in a single This is only 3.5% of all the energy stored in a single
glucose molecule glucose molecule Much of energy originally contained in glucose is still held Much of energy originally contained in glucose is still held
in the bonds that make up pyruvic acidin the bonds that make up pyruvic acid
Alcoholic Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation
Process where yeast and bacteria convert Process where yeast and bacteria convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and COpyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and CO22
No ATP are gained (regenerates NADNo ATP are gained (regenerates NAD++ for for glycolysis)glycolysis)
Basis of the wine, beer, and baking industriesBasis of the wine, beer, and baking industries
Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
Enzyme reactions convert pyruvic acid into Enzyme reactions convert pyruvic acid into another 3-carbon compound, lactic acidanother 3-carbon compound, lactic acid– No ATP are gainedNo ATP are gained– LAF occurs in your muscle cells LAF occurs in your muscle cells – Once oxygen is available, the body converts Once oxygen is available, the body converts
lactic acid back to pyruvic acid in our liverlactic acid back to pyruvic acid in our liver
AEROBIC RESPIRATIONAEROBIC RESPIRATIONStage 1: GLYCOLYSISStage 1: GLYCOLYSIS
Stage 2: KREBS CYCLE / CITRIC Stage 2: KREBS CYCLE / CITRIC ACID CYCLEACID CYCLE
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
Requires oxygen to be presentRequires oxygen to be present Produces 20 times more ATP than Produces 20 times more ATP than
Glycolysis alone!Glycolysis alone! Prokaryotes can do it, but it occurs Prokaryotes can do it, but it occurs
in the cytosolin the cytosol Eukaryotes have mitochondria Eukaryotes have mitochondria
(matrix and cristae) for this specific (matrix and cristae) for this specific purposepurpose
AEROBIC RESPIRATIONAEROBIC RESPIRATIONKrebs Cycle/Citric Acid CycleKrebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle--Pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters Pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters
mitochondrionmitochondrion--Krebs Cycle occurs in mitochondrial matrix-2 pyruvic acid 2 pyruvic acid 2 acetyl CoA 2 acetyl CoA Citric Acid Citric Acid-The cycle begins and ends with citric acid-The cycle begins and ends with citric acid-Krebs Cycle produces NADH, FADH-Krebs Cycle produces NADH, FADH22, and , and
ATPATPSteps to the Krebs Cycle 1. Acetyl CoA combines with
Oxaloacetic Acid to form 6-carbon Citric Acid
2. Citric Acid releases CO2 and H to form a 5-carbon compound
3. 5-carbon compound releases another CO2 and H to form a 4-carbon compound
4. 4-carbon compound releases H to regenerate oxaloacetic Acid
5. Krebs Cycle runs 2x (1x for each acetyl CoA)
6. There is a net gain of 2 ATPhttp://people.unt.edu/~hds0006/tca/index.htmhttp://people.unt.edu/~hds0006/tca/index.htm
Citric Acid
Oxaloacetic Acid
Electrons pass through molecules in cristae towards a Electrons pass through molecules in cristae towards a lower energy level to final electron acceptor, oxygen lower energy level to final electron acceptor, oxygen
NADH and FADHNADH and FADH22 supply protons (H+) which make ATP supply protons (H+) which make ATP through chemiosmosis through chemiosmosis
In matrix, H+ combines with oxygen to form water In matrix, H+ combines with oxygen to form water and use the extra H+ floating around and use the extra H+ floating around
34 ATP are gained 34 ATP are gained
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration Energy Aerobic Respiration Energy YieldYield 38 ATP from a single glucose molecule38 ATP from a single glucose molecule
2 ATP in glycolysis (made 4, but used 2)2 ATP in glycolysis (made 4, but used 2) 2 ATP in Krebs cycle2 ATP in Krebs cycle 34 ATP in ETC 34 ATP in ETC
This total varies from cell to cell, and is usually This total varies from cell to cell, and is usually only 36 ATP per glucose moleculeonly 36 ATP per glucose molecule Plant and animal cells spend 2 ATP in moving Plant and animal cells spend 2 ATP in moving
products though membranes and only net 36 products though membranes and only net 36 ATP per 1 molecule of glucoseATP per 1 molecule of glucose
66% efficient at releasing the energy in the 66% efficient at releasing the energy in the molecule molecule
20X more efficient than anaerobic respiration 20X more efficient than anaerobic respiration
Energy and ExerciseEnergy and Exercise
ATP comes from:ATP comes from:Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
(long term)(long term)
Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation(short term)(short term)
Muscle storageMuscle storage(short term)(short term)
Why are you “out of breath” after strenuous exercise?Why are you “out of breath” after strenuous exercise?
Comprehension CheckAnaerobic Respiration
STAGES # of ATP Gained1. ___________ _____2. ___________ _____
TOTAL: _____Aerobic Respiration
STAGES # of ATP Gained1. _____________ _____2. _____________ _____ 3. _____________ _____
TOTAL: _____
SUMMARYAnaerobic Respiration
STAGES # of ATP Gained1. GLYCOLYSIS 22. FERMENTATION 0
TOTAL: 2Aerobic Respiration
STAGES # of ATP Gained1. GLYCOLYSIS 22. KREBS CYCLE 2 3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 34
TOTAL: 38
Review AnimationsReview AnimationsOverall Review: Overall Review: http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/BiologicalSciencehttp://www.qcc.cuny.edu/BiologicalSciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.htmls/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.htmlGlycolysis:Glycolysis:http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/biomi290/MOVIES/GLYCOLYSIS.HTMLbiomi290/MOVIES/GLYCOLYSIS.HTMLOverview of Photosynthesis and Cellular Overview of Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationRespirationhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078617022/164155/00053412.htmlfree/0078617022/164155/00053412.html