Cellular Organelles

…a “division of labour”

Animal Cell

Guess the organelle! Tiny & oval shaped… Provide body with needed energy

in a process called “respiration” whereby sugar molecules are combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide & water…as the products are formed, energy is released.

“power plant” of cell

Mitochondrion

Guess the organelle! Cell growth & reproduction require

the constant synthesis of proteins… Proteins are the molecules that

make up cell structure… Measure just 20 nm in length… Which organelles are responsible

for the synthesis of proteins?

Guess the organelle! Series of canals that carry materials

throughout the cytoplasm… The membranes can appear either

rough or smooth… rER is highly developed in cells of the

pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes

sER is free of ribosomes & is the area in which fats or lipids are synthesized

Guess the organelle! The “pancake-like” structures are

actually membranous sacs piled up on top of each other…

Protein molecules from the rER are stored within this apparatus…

The packaged protein membranes move towards the cell membrane & fuse with the membrane to be released as vesicles (exocytosis)

Division of Labor example... Proteins reach the end of the ER A sac forms around the proteins Now called a vesicle Vesicle breaks away from the ER

and moves towards the nearest sac of the Golgi body

Vesicle fuses & empties protein molecules into the Golgi body

Division of Labor example... Proteins pass from one sac to

another in vesicles formed from the Golgi complex (“mail must be sorted when it comes into the post office”)

Many membranes present in cells are interchangeable…they can be recycled from one part of the cell to another (same basic structure)

Guess the organelle! Formed by the Golgi bodies Sac-like structures that contain digestive

enzymes which break down large molecules & cell parts within the cytoplasm…

The swelling & pain associated with arthritis have been linked to the seepage of this organelle…cortisone is thought to strengthen this organelles membrane.

Guess the organelle! Tiny threadlike fibers that

transport materials throughout the cytoplasm…

Made of protein 2 types One is smaller than the other…

Special Structure of Plants! The organelles discussed to this point

are found in BOTH plant & animal cells Plant cells differ in that they can

produce their own food using specialized organelles called PLASTIDS

The vacuole is a fluid-filled space that occupies much of the cytoplasm. It is a storage space for sugars, minerals, & proteins.

Special Structure of Plants!

Most plant cells are surrounded by a nonliving cell wall made of cellulose.

Protects & supports the plant cell.

A loss of turgor pressure results in wilting plants

Plastids

Chloroplasts specialize in photosynthesis; green pigment chlorophyll

Chromoplasts store the orange & yellow pigments found in numerous plants.

Plastids Amyloplasts

are storehouses for starch (potato tubers & seeds)

Colorless plastids