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CARBS - Monosaccharides Simple sugars
• Monomer used produce all other forms
• Source of instant energy
Examples:• Glucose• Fructose • Galactose
CARBS - Disaccharides Double Sugars Examples:
• Maltose: glu + glu• Lactose: glu + gal• Sucrose: glu + fru
+
=
CARBS - Polysaccharides Complex Carbs Dehydration Synthesis
• Bond monomers together by removing water
CARBS - Polysaccharides Energy storage:
• Starch (alpha glucose) Long chains Plastids of plants
• Glycogen (alpha glucose) Branched molecule Liver & muscles of animals
CARBS - Polysaccharides Building materials
• Cellulose (beta glu) Cell walls of plants Humans unable to
digest• Chitin (beta glu +
N2) Mushrooms cell walls Arthropod exoskeletons
(add CaCO3)
CARBS – Harvesting the Energy
Hydrolysis – chem. rxn used to break bonds btw monomers & release energy.
CARBS – Storing the energy
Dehydration synthesis: removing –OH from 1 monomer & a H from another in order to bond them together
LIPIDS: Triglycerides Saturated Fats
• All single C-C bonds (full of Hydrogen)• Solid @ rm temp• Animals fats
LIPIDS - Triglycerides Unsaturated Fats
• Un – 1 double C=C bond; polyun - >1 C=C bond
• Liquid @ rm temp• Plant & fish fats
LIPIDS – Hydrogenated (Trans)Fats
Synthetically add H’s to an unsat fat to convert it into a saturated fat
Why???• Increased shelf-life & flavor, spreadable
LIPIDS - Phospholipids Make up cell membranes (bilipid
layer) 2 fatty acid chains & a phosphate
group