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Prokaryotic Cells• Less advanced and less
complex (more primitive)• No nucleus: DNA is free
floating• Still carry out all
characteristics of life• a.k.a: bacteria!
Eukaryotic Cells• Cell of organisms more
advanced than bacteria (animals, plants, fungus, and some single celled protists).
• More complex• DNA contained inside the
nucleus
NUCLEUS• FUNCTION: Control
center of the cell: “brain of cell”– CONTAINS GENETIC
MATERIAL (DNA)– CONTROLS ALL
CELL ACTIVITIES– FOUND IN ALL
CELLS EXCEPT BACTERIA (EXCEPT PROKARYOTES)
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
CELL MEMBRANE
• ALL CELLS HAVE CELL MEMBRANE– PROTECTS CELL – CONTROLS WHAT
ENTERS AND EXITS CELL
– CONSISTS OF 2-LAYERS OF LIPIDS AND PROTEIN CHANNELS
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
CELL WALL
• PROTECTS the cell and provides SUPPORT structure (at cellular level) for plant cells
• In PLANT cells and some bacterial cells
CYTOPLASM
• Cytoplasm is the contents of the cell that is inside the membrane but outside the nucleus.
• Suspends the other cell parts such as ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, etc.
• Essentially water with dissolved substances.
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
CYTOSKELETON
• Network of protein filaments that helps a cell to maintain its shape
• Also involved in transport around cell
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
MITOCHONDRIA
• FUNCTIONS: ‘POWER HOUSE’ OF CELL (‘mighty mitochondria”)– CONVERTS ENERGY
(GLUCOSE) INTO USABLE FORM (ATP) FOR CELL
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Note: 1 mitochondrion, multiple mitochondria
CHLOROPLASTS
FUNCTION: CONVERT SUNLIGHT ENERGY INTO SUGAR (GLUCOSE) via photosynthesis– GREEN because of
PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL
RIBOSOMES
• FUNCTION: PROTIENS MANUFACTURING
• SOME ARE ‘FREE’ AND SOME ARE ATTACHED TO ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
• IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
• FUNCTION: assembles lipids, proteins, and other molecules for transport to other parts of cell or for export from the cell
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
GOLGI APPARATUS also known as ‘golgi bodies’
• FUNCTION: modifies, sorts, packages and labels materials
• In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
LYSOSOMES
• FUNCTION: CLEAN-UP CREW OF CELL– Breaks down waste
and other molecules for disposal/ recycling
– Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste
• In both PLANT & ANIMAL cells
VACUOLESFUNCTION: PROVIDES A
PLACE FOR STORAGE – CONTAINS MAINLY
WATER, SALT, NUTRIENTS AND WASTE PRODUCTS
– THE ‘CENTRAL VACUOLE’ IN PLANT CELLS’ OCCUPIES ¾ OF CELL VOLUME
• Primarily in plant cells, but also some animal cells