Cells:

Plant vs. Animal Eukaryote vs. Prokaryote

Honors Biology

Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

▪ We can group all life on Earth into three major groups (Called Domains)

▪ Two groups: Prokaryotic (Domains “Archaea” and “Bacteria”)

and Eukaryotic (Domain Eukaryota)

▪ What do these words mean? (Greek prefix/suffixes)

▪ Prokaryotic: “Pro” meaning before and “karyotic” which means nucleus

▪ Eukaryotic: “Eu” meaning true/genuine and “karyotic” referring to the nucleus.

What do these things look like?

▪ Prokaryotes:

▪ Eukaryotes:

▪

Prokaryotic Cells

▪ Prokaryotic organisms are thought to have been the first living things on Earth.

▪ Prokaryotic organisms can be divided into two subgroups (domains).

▪ Bacteria and Archaea

Bacteria

▪ (Prokaryote)

▪ No enclosed nucleus!

▪ No membrane-bound organelles!

▪ Very simple structure

▪ May move by use of flagellum (whip like structure) or pili (tiny hair-like projections)

Archaea

▪ (Prokaryote)

▪ Organism very similar to bacteria (yet more related to eukaryotes…fun fact)!

▪ These prokaryotes can live in very extreme conditions!▪ (This property makes them unique and not bacteria.)

▪ Habitat: Hot springs, ocean floor, volcanic vents….

Eukaryotic Cells

▪ Complex cells with organelles

▪ DNA is enclosed within a nucleus!

▪ Plants and animals have eukaryotic cells

Crash Course: Organelles

▪ Organelles: are a specialized structures found within cells that have a specific function.

▪ (Organelles: basically tiny organs of cells.)

▪ Key Concept: Are organelles themselves considered alive?

Crash Course: Organelles

▪ Nucleus (“control center”): contains DNA which commands how the cell operates.

▪ Ribosome: produces protein which are used throughout the cell and our whole body.▪ (More on proteins later in our school year)

Crash Course: Organelles ▪ Chloroplast: seen in plant cells. Uses

sunlight to produce food for plants.

▪ Golgi body (apparatus): packages proteins for distribution around the cell (or for leaving the cell)

▪ Lysosome: sacs of digestive enzymes used to digest old organelles/ cell waste

▪ Endoplasmic reticulum: Smooth ER- synthesizes lipids Rough ER: (covered in ribosomes) synthesizes proteins

▪ Cell membrane: used for protection and allows things to enter and leave the cell (called selective permeability)

▪ Mitochondria: in both plant/animal cells. Uses sugar to produce energy for the cell.

Eukaryotes: Plant Vs. Animal

▪ Plant cells:

▪ Animal Cells:

Eukaryotes: Plant Vs. Animal

▪ (DIFFERENCES)

▪ Plant cells: Have chloroplasts, large central vacuole, ridged shape, and cell walls

▪ Animal cells: round/irregular shape, small vacuoles, no cell wall, no chloroplast

Eukaryotes: Plant Vs. Animal

▪ (Similarities)

▪ Both have the features of being a eukaryote.

▪ Both contain cell membranes and mitochondria.

▪ Key Concept: Do animal cells have a cell wall?

Review of Cells

▪ To fully understand and master this section of Biology see if you know the answers to these questions.

▪ 1. What living things are Eukaryotic organisms?

▪ 2. What living things are Prokaryotic?

▪ 3. How are Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes different?

▪ 4. How do plant and animal cells differ?