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Cells & DNAMake a foldable to organize your
notes
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
DQ: Warm-up Question
List the components of the cell that control traits from smallest to largest.
Cells
Searching for DNA? (pp. 42-43)
• The DNA of a cell is organized into structures called chromosomes.
• Body cells have 23 pairs (46 total)
• One half the genetic instructions comefrom the father, the other ½ from the mother
• Made up of approximately 60,000 genes
• Genes control traits
Chromosomes p. 43 & 91
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/chromosomes/chromosomes-structure.phphttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1054885
Boy or Girl? P. 73
DNAp. 89
• DNA Molecule– Sugars outer frame of “ladder”
• Nitrogen bases for rungs of “ladder”– Adenine Guanine– Cytosine Thymine
• The Order of the bases determines the genetic code.
• Chromosomes are made of twisted strands of DNA.
• Chromosomes are in the nucleus.
• The nucleus is in the cell.
• Organisms are made of millions of cells.
Mitosis pp. 44-45
• Process of cell duplication in body cells.
• Purpose: Growth and Repair
• Exact copy of the original cell is made
• Then it divides into 2http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.htmlhttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
Meiosis pp. 70-71
• The process of cell duplication in sex cells• Purpose: reproduction• Chromosomes separate and go into 2 different
cells• Egg & sperm cells have ½ as many
chromosomes as body cells.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/meiosis1_movie.htmlhttp://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htm
X X
X XX X
X X
/ /
/ /
X X
X X
\ \
\ \
Mom
Egg Cell
Sperm Cell
½ of the genes come from mother
½ of the genes come from father
Dad