Cells and HeredityCells and Heredity

Chapter 1Chapter 1

““The Cell”The Cell”

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Write a paragraph about Write a paragraph about how you are going to how you are going to improve your grade for 4improve your grade for 4thth quarter. What will you do quarter. What will you do differently, what will you differently, what will you do the same?do the same?

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1. When you get sick which 1. When you get sick which blood cells are under attack blood cells are under attack in your body?in your body?

2. Write 3 sentences about 2. Write 3 sentences about things that you do to get things that you do to get better when you are sickbetter when you are sick

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What is happening in What is happening in Frank’s body to help Frank’s body to help him get better? (write him get better? (write a complete a complete paragraph)paragraph)

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1.1. Why do doctors prescribe Why do doctors prescribe antibiotics?antibiotics?

2.2. Why is it important for Why is it important for children to get certain children to get certain vaccinations before they can vaccinations before they can start kindergarten?start kindergarten?

Bell WorkBell WorkPlease use complete sentences.Please use complete sentences.

1.1. Is a cactus alive?Is a cactus alive?

2.2. Is a seed alive?Is a seed alive?

3.3. Is the air we breathe alive?Is the air we breathe alive?

4.4. Explain what you think it means for Explain what you think it means for something to be alive.something to be alive.

Cells 1.1 VocabCells 1.1 Vocab OrganismOrganism (p.9) – Any individual form of (p.9) – Any individual form of

life that is capable of growing and life that is capable of growing and reproducing. reproducing.

UnicellularUnicellular (p.11) – An organism that is (p.11) – An organism that is made up of a single cell.made up of a single cell.

Multicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made up of many (more than one) cells.

Microscope (p.12) – An instrument that makes an object appear larger than it is.

Bacteria (p.14) – A large group of one-celled organisms that sometimes cause disease.

HomeworkHomework

Make a list of at least 5 living things Make a list of at least 5 living things and 5 non-living things that you find and 5 non-living things that you find in your house.in your house.

List how you know that each item is List how you know that each item is living or non-livingliving or non-living

Class AssignmentClass Assignment

Read pages 9-15 with your partner.Read pages 9-15 with your partner. Write down 3 things that you learned Write down 3 things that you learned

from the reading in the notes section from the reading in the notes section of your journal.of your journal.

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1.1. Why do you think the Why do you think the invention of the microscope invention of the microscope was important? (pg 12)was important? (pg 12)

2.2. What do scientists mean What do scientists mean when they say that life when they say that life comes from life? (pg 13)comes from life? (pg 13)

Characteristics of Characteristics of LifeLife

1.1. OrganizationOrganization

2.2. The ability to develop and The ability to develop and growgrow

3.3. The ability to respond to the The ability to respond to the environmentenvironment

4.4. The ability to reproduceThe ability to reproduce

The CellThe Cell

All living things are made of cells.All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of a The cell is the smallest unit of a

living thing.living thing. The cell is the basic unit of function The cell is the basic unit of function

in an organism.in an organism.

What activities that plants and animals What activities that plants and animals do are carried out by cells?do are carried out by cells?

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

1.1. Every living thing is made of one or Every living thing is made of one or more cells.more cells.

2.2. Cells carry out the functions needed Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.to support life.

3.3. Cells come only from other living Cells come only from other living cells.cells.

Bell WorkBell WorkFill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)

1.1. ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that the theory of spontaneous generation was the theory of spontaneous generation was wrong.wrong.

2.2. When an organism is made up of only one cell, it When an organism is made up of only one cell, it is called a(n) _____ organism.is called a(n) _____ organism.

3.3. Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the bark of an oak tree.bark of an oak tree.

4.4. An individual living thing that carries out the An individual living thing that carries out the activities of life is called a(n) _____activities of life is called a(n) _____

5.5. The smallest unit that is able to perform the The smallest unit that is able to perform the basic activities of life is a(n) ______.basic activities of life is a(n) ______.

6.6. A frog is a(n) _____ organism.A frog is a(n) _____ organism.

Vocab 1.2Vocab 1.2

Cell membrane (p.20) – a protective Cell membrane (p.20) – a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. covering enclosing an entire cell. A layer that controls what enters or A layer that controls what enters or

leaves the cell.leaves the cell.

Cell wall (p.21) – Only plant cells Cell wall (p.21) – Only plant cells have these. A tough outer covering have these. A tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane.that lies outside the cell membrane.

Mitochondria– Organelles Mitochondria– Organelles that release energy by that release energy by using oxygen to break using oxygen to break down sugars. down sugars.

Nucleus – “Brain of the Nucleus – “Brain of the cell” contains the cell” contains the genetic material a cell genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and needs to reproduce and function.function.

Lysosome – Holds Lysosome – Holds enzymes and digests enzymes and digests things such as foodthings such as food

Ribosome – use Ribosome – use information to build information to build proteinsproteins

Cytoplasm (p.20) – A thick, gelatin-Cytoplasm (p.20) – A thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell like material contained within the cell membrane. membrane. Holds the organelles in placeHolds the organelles in place

Vacuole – holds water, Vacuole – holds water, waste, and other waste, and other materials. materials.

Golgi Apparatus – finishes Golgi Apparatus – finishes processing materials made processing materials made by the endoplasmic by the endoplasmic reticulumreticulum

Chloroplast (p.23) – An organelle in a Chloroplast (p.23) – An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar. sunlight to make sugar.

Endoplasmic Reticulum – Endoplasmic Reticulum – contains ribosomes, makes contains ribosomes, makes proteins, and begins proteins, and begins transporting materialstransporting materials

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Explain the Explain the characteristics that characteristics that confirm that an Oak confirm that an Oak Tree is living.Tree is living.

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Please write complete sentences.Please write complete sentences.

1.1. What is the role of the cell What is the role of the cell membrane?membrane?

2.2. Give 3 examples of Give 3 examples of multicellular organisms.multicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cell (p.20) – a cell in which the Eukaryotic cell (p.20) – a cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. (most multicellular membrane. (most multicellular organisms)organisms)

Organelle (p.20) – A structure in a cell Organelle (p.20) – A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function.performs a particular function.

Prokaryotic cell (p.20) – A cell without a Prokaryotic cell (p.20) – A cell without a nucleus and without organelles. Genetic nucleus and without organelles. Genetic material is in the cytoplasm. (most material is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms)unicellular organisms)

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– – list three structures list three structures found in plant cells found in plant cells that are not in animal that are not in animal cells. Tell why each is cells. Tell why each is not necessary in not necessary in animal cellsanimal cells

Bell WorkBell WorkDraw a plant cell and label the followingDraw a plant cell and label the following Cell wallCell wall Cell membraneCell membrane VacuoleVacuole ChloroplastChloroplast MitochondriaMitochondria NucleusNucleus

Bell WorkBell WorkMatch the definition to the correct term. Match the definition to the correct term.

Please Please write the term and the definitionwrite the term and the definition on your bell work sheet. on your bell work sheet.

1.1. A cell with no nucleusA cell with no nucleus2.2. A cell with a cell wall and a nucleusA cell with a cell wall and a nucleus3.3. A device for viewing A device for viewing

microorganismsmicroorganismseukaryoticeukaryoticprokaryoticprokaryoticmicroscopemicroscopetelescopetelescopeplant cellplant cell

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1.1. What does a What does a microscope do?microscope do?

2.2. Give 3 ways that Give 3 ways that scientists use scientists use microscopes.microscopes.

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Pg 37 #1-5Pg 37 #1-5

Section 1.3 NotesSection 1.3 Notes

Eukaryotic CellEukaryotic Cell

The genetic material is The genetic material is in the nucleusin the nucleus

Prokaryotic cellProkaryotic cell

No organelles. The genetic material is No organelles. The genetic material is in the cytoplasm.in the cytoplasm.

Organisms are classified by their cell Organisms are classified by their cell typetype

Most of the organisms alive on Earth Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are made of single cellstoday are made of single cells

3 domains for living things that are based 3 domains for living things that are based on characteristics of their cells.on characteristics of their cells. Archea – organisms that can live in extreme Archea – organisms that can live in extreme

environmentsenvironments Bacteria – can also live in extreme Bacteria – can also live in extreme

environments and can multiply quicklyenvironments and can multiply quickly Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungiEukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi

ProkaryotesProkaryotes unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cellsunicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no

organellesorganelles Structure is simpleStructure is simple Have a tough cell wall that protects the Have a tough cell wall that protects the

organismorganism EukaryotesEukaryotes

Cells with a nucleusCells with a nucleus Includes almost all multi-cellular organismsIncludes almost all multi-cellular organisms Also includes unicellular organisms called Also includes unicellular organisms called

protistsprotists Cells are complex in structure and larger Cells are complex in structure and larger

than the cells of prokaryotesthan the cells of prokaryotes

Cells in multicellular organisms specializeCells in multicellular organisms specialize

SpecializationSpecialization – Specific cells that – Specific cells that perform specific functions.perform specific functions.

Different types of cells have different Different types of cells have different jobsjobs Example – most animals have blood Example – most animals have blood

cells, nerve cells, and muscle cellscells, nerve cells, and muscle cells Example – plants have cells that Example – plants have cells that

function in photosynthesis, cells that function in photosynthesis, cells that draw water from soil, and cells that draw water from soil, and cells that function to support the plant’s weight.function to support the plant’s weight.

Tissue – group of similar cells that are – group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific joborganized to do a specific job Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and

support for a humansupport for a human Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and

support for a plantsupport for a plant OrganOrgan – a structure in an organism – a structure in an organism

that is made up of different tissues that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a working together to perform a particular function. particular function. Ex. Eye – allows sightEx. Eye – allows sight Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy

and materialsand materials

5 levels of organization5 levels of organizationLevelLevel NameName Animal Animal

ExampleExamplePlant ExamplePlant Example

11

22

33

44

55

Bell Work 8/26/10Bell Work 8/26/10 Good Morning – Please do not touch Good Morning – Please do not touch

any of the lab equipment!any of the lab equipment!

While working on the bell work While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – Complete the – Complete the Venn diagram from your notes Venn diagram from your notes yesterday. On your bell work sheet yesterday. On your bell work sheet write “in notes” for todaywrite “in notes” for today

Bell Work 8/26/10Bell Work 8/26/10 While working on the bell work While working on the bell work

please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – List the five – List the five levels of organization and give an levels of organization and give an example for each for a monkeyexample for each for a monkey

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Bell work question Bell work question (answer in at least 2 (answer in at least 2 complete sentences)complete sentences) – How – How is a model similar to the real is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is object it represents? How is it different? it different?

(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)

Bell Work 4/6/11Bell Work 4/6/11

List the function of each of the List the function of each of the followingfollowing

1. Cell membrane2. Mitochondria3. Nucleus4. Chloroplast

Bell Work 4/7/11Bell Work 4/7/11write the sentences and fill in the write the sentences and fill in the

blanksblanks

1.1. The smallest unit that can perform the The smallest unit that can perform the basic activities of life is _______basic activities of life is _______

2.2. Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to see live cells by using a ______people to see live cells by using a ______

3.3. A plant cell organelle that uses energy A plant cell organelle that uses energy from sunlight to make sugar is called a from sunlight to make sugar is called a ________________

4.4. Almost all multicellular organisms on Almost all multicellular organisms on Earth belong to the domain ________Earth belong to the domain ________