Cells

Cells

All living things are made up of cells

Cells are the building blocks of life Organization

Organ SystemsOrgansTissuesCells

Tissues are made of Cells

What are Cells?Cells have organs called Organelles

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Parts found in ALL cells

• Cell membrane– Cell boundary protecting the inside of the cell from the outside – protective covering that encloses the entire cell– Any material coming in or out must pass through the cell

membrane

• Cytoplasm– Gelatin like material contained inside the cell membrane– Most of the work of the cell is carried out in cytoplasm

Organelles

Organelles do all the work cells need to do such as:

Make ProteinTurn food into EnergyGet rid of waste

All organelles have a function.

Like your body's organs have functions, so do the organelles with cells.

Kidneys&

Intestines

Lysosomes&

Peroxysomes

Do Cells Have A Brain?

What does the Brain do?

Cells have genetic material like DNA & RNAThese genes act like a computer that control all of an organisms functions

Eukaryotic Cells

• Animal and plants, including people are made of eukaryotic cells.

• This means that the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane

• Together, the genetic material and the membrane make up an • organelle called a Nucleus

Genetic Material

Membrane

Nucleus

Eukaryotic cell

• Genetic material located in nucleus– Nucleus enclosed by its own membrane

• Organelles– Any cell part enclosed by a membrane

• Most multi-cellular organisms are Euraryotic

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells do not have a nucleus.

The genetic material floats around in the cytoplasm.

Most Prokaryotes are single bacteria

Flagella are how prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells move. However, they are differences between the two.

Flagella

Prokaryotic Cell

• No separate compartment for genetic material– Genetic material is in cytoplasm

• No organelles

• Most unicellular organisms are Prokaryotic

Do all cells look the same?

We learned earlier that specific organs are designed to do a specific job.

Therefore, they are made of specific types of cells and are shape in a specific way.

Hmmm?

In any organism, different cells do different jobs.

Some bone cells are star shaped

Muscle cells have toBe able to stretch

Nerve cells can be long so they can carry information around the body.

This bacteria has small hair-like flagella to help it move

Red blood cells are shaped like tiny bowls

CellWall

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that maintains the shape

Organelles• Ribosomes:

– tiny structures located in the cytoplasm and ER; use information to build proteins

• Chloroplast:– plant cell organelle that gets energy from

sunlight to make sugar

• Mitochondria: – use oxygen to get energy from processing food;

all eukaryotic cells

• Endoplasmic reticulum – (ER): system of twisting and winding membranes;

manufactures parts of cell membrane

• Vesicles: – formed from ER; transport processed materials

to the Golgi apparatus

• Golgi apparatus: – folded membranes that look like a stack of

pancakes; finishes processing materials

• Vacuoles: – enclosed by a membrane; sac holding water in

plant cells

• Lysosomes: – vesicles containing chemicals that break down

materials taken into the animal cell

Organelles