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Diffusion: movement of molecules from area of high concentration (CONC) to area of low concentration
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CELL TRANSPORTpp. 103-106
Passive transport:•Movement across the cell membrane without energy
Diffusion: movement of molecules from area of high concentration
(CONC) to area of low concentration
• Molecules have kinetic energy• Concentration gradient: difference
between high and low concentration• Molecules move “down” gradient.• Molecules move until they reach
equilibrium (when all molecules are evenly spread out).
What characteristic does the cell membrane have?•Cell membrane is nonpolar and tightly packed•Small and nonpolar substances can easily pass through the cell membrane
Active Transport
• Requires energy• Molecules move from an area of
low concentration to an area of high concentration
• Move against the concentration gradient
Membrane pumps
• Carrier proteins that are active are called pumps.
• Protein binds to a specific molecule.• Protein transfers the molecule to the other
side.• Sodium-Potassium Pump: transports Na+
and K+ against (not down) gradient
Na+ out and K+ in
Endocytosis: ingest large molecules to move molecules into cell
• Membrane makes a pouch.• Pouch then pinches off and makes a vesicle.• Vesicle binds with lysosome to digest
substance.
Exocytosis: (the reverse of endocytosis) moving large particles
out of the cell