Cell Transport Homework Packet

“Cell Transport HW #1” (correlates to page 1 of notes)

“Cell Transport HW #2” (correlates to pages 2-4 of notes)

“Cell Transport HW #3" (correlates to pages 4-6 of your notes)

"Cell Transport HW #4" (correlates to page 4-6 of your notes)

“Cell Transport HW #5” (correlates to pages 7-8 of your notes)

“Cell Transport HW #6” (correlates to pages 9-12 of your notes)

"Cell Transport HW #7" (correlates to pages 9-12 of your notes)

“Sponge Bob’s Big Adventure” assignment (in a separate packet)

“Cell Transport HW #8” (correlates to page 13-14 of your notes)

Please complete 7.3 Assessment Questions on Page 213 of your text.

"Cell Transport HW#9" (correlates to all pages of your notes)

Also available: additional Review Worksheets

Cell Transport HW #1 (see p. 1 of notes)

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The picture below represents a tiny blood vessel (called a capillary) with body cells surrounding it. Blood within the capillary will transport substances to the cells and collect wastes from cells.

Use the following 4 choices for questions 1 & 2:

a) nutrients b) oxygen c) carbon dioxide d) waste materials

1) Which of the above materials will diffuse from the blood into the cells? __nutrients and oxygen_________________

2) Which of the above materials will diffuse from the cells into the blood? _______carbon dioxide and waste______

3) In order for oxygen to diffuse into the cells, what must the concentration of oxygen in the cell be in comparison to the concentration of oxygen in the blood?

_____________ The concentration of oxygen in the cell should be lower than in the blood in order to get oxygen to diffuse into the cell from the blood._______________________________________ _____________

4) In order for carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the cells, what must the concentration of carbon dioxide in the

blood be? The concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood should be lower than in the cell in order to get carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the cells into the blood.___________________________________

Cell Transport HW #2 (See pages 2-4 of your notes)

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1. What two types of organic molecules is the cell membrane mostly composed of? (choose two)a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. nucleic acids

2) On the diagram at right, use letters to label : a) a phospholipid

b) the phosopholipid bilayer

c) two different transport proteins

______3. Cellular transport takes place in which of the following organisms?

a) unicellular onlyb) mullticellular onlyc) only organisms which have a circulatory systemd) all organisms

4. The cell shown above appears to be permeable to which substance(s) (A, B, C?)? C

5. The cell shown above appears to be impermeable to which substance(s)? (A, B, C?)?___A, B______

6. A membrane which is only permeable to certain substances is called selectively permeable or semipermeable

7. Cells must be able to exchange materials into and out of cells in order to maintain a state of balance otherwise known as ____ homeostatsis ______

8. Any type of cell transport which does NOT require an input of cellular energy is called _____ passive __________ transport.

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______ 9. A cell membrane allows substance X into the cell. It does not allow substance Y into the cell. Which of the following are true? (Draw a picture if it will help.)

A. the membrane is impermeable to both X and Y B. the membrane is permeable to both X and YC. the membrane is permeable to Y but impermeable to XD. the membrane is selectively permeable

10. Fill in the blanks of the diagram using the word bank given.

WORD BANK: phospholipid carbohydrate insidemembrane proteins hydrophilic head outsidehydrophobic tail lipid bilayer

11. Which term means “water-loving”? Hydrophilic

12. We know that the “heads” of the phospholipids face out towards the environment and cell cytoplasm. Which parts of the phospholipids are in the interior of the cell membrane?________ Hydrophobic tails____________

_______13. Choose which of the following statements is FALSE.a. Nucleic acids are important components of the cell membrane.b. Carbohydrates on the outside surface of the cell membrane help cells identify each other.c. Proteins in the membrane may form channels or pumps to help transport certain materials.d. Some proteins attach to the cytoskeleton and help a cell to move or change shape._______14. Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

a. diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. all of these are passive

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phospholipidHydrophilic head

Hydrophobic tail

Lipid

bilayer

Inside

Membrane

protein

carbohydrateOutside

Cell Transport HW #3 (see pages 4-6 of your notes)

1. Particles of matter are in constant random motion. They move faster when temperatures are ___ higher __.

____________2. A solute dissolved into a solvent makes a mixture called a __?__.a. solution b. water c. osmosis d. diffusion

____________3. The process of diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of __?__ concentration to an area of lower concentration.

a. low b. high____________4. Which of the following solutions is the LEAST concentrated?

a. 5 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water b. 10 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water c. 15 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water

Use the following example to answer questions 5-8: Nicholas, a pharmacist, had to prepare a 5% solution of salt water (also called saline solution) for a customer. In order to do this, he should mix 5 grams of salt with 100ml of water.

______ salt ______________5. What is the solute in the example?_____ water _______________6. What is the solvent in the example?_____95%_______7. What is the percentage of water in the above solution?____________8. OOPS!! Suppose Nicholas thought the prescription said “10%” instead

of “5%”. What will he do wrong when he makes the 10% solution?a. he will add too little salt c. he will use sugar instead of saltb. he will add too much salt d. he will use milk instead of water

_______9. When dynamic equilibrium is reached,a. molecules continue to diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentrationb. molecules begin to diffuse from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentrationc. molecules continue to move randomly in all directions but there is no net movement of moleculesd. a very large (strong) concentration gradient exists.

10. Label each of the pictures below with high concentration gradient, low concentration gradient, and zero concentration gradient.

high concentration gradient low concentration gradient zero concentration gradient. _______11. Diffusion of tea particles in a glass of water requires :a) no energy b) thermal energy c) energy from ATP

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12. Which of the following must be true for diffusion to occur?A. Molecules or particles must have different sizes.B. Special protein channels must always be available.C. There must be areas of different concentrations.D. Energy must be available.

13. Which term refers to the condition that exists when no net change in concentration results from diffusion?A. concentration C. osmosisB. equilibrium D. randomness

14. Air has a higher concentration of oxygen molecules than does the cytoplasm of your lung cells. Where in your lungs will there be a net increase of oxygen?A. in the air breathed in C. outside of the lung cellsB. in the air breathed out D. inside of the lung cells

Passive TransportDiffusion is the movement of particlesfrom an area of high concentration toan area of low concentration. Osmosisis the diffusion of water through aselectively permeable membrane.Study the beakers at the right. Thearrows between beakers tell youwhat process is occurring.

1. In the beakers on the right,draw the result of the describedprocess. Draw changes in waterlevels. Draw changes in the numberof solute particles. Remember todraw on both sides of themembrane.

2. Look at the top left beaker. Whatwould happen if the membrane didnot allow water or solute particlesto pass through it?water would move from right side to left

Cell Transport HW #4 (see pages 4-6 of your notes)

Two sides of a container are separated by a membrane permeable to both water and iodine.

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BEGINNING OF THE EXPERIMENT:

The left side of the membrane contains solution of water( H2O) and iodine (KI).

The right side of the membrane contains pure water.

The picture below shows the apparatus after it is allowed to sit for a period of time.

END OF THE EXPERIMENT

1) In the illustration above, which substance (water or iodine) is the solute? ____iodine______

2) Which substance is the solvent? ________water____________

3) In the top illustration, which side of the membrane (left or right) shows a true solution – meaning it has both a solute and a solvent?

_______________side A_______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4) Fill out the following chart:

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Number of Molecules at the Beginning of the Experiment

Number of Molecules at

the End of the Experiment

Left Side Right Side Left Side Right Side

Iodine 12 0 6 6

Water 11 23 17 17

5) Did diffusion take place during this experiment? _____yes__________Which molecules (water, iodine)

diffused during this experiment? ________both_______________________________________

6) Describe the movement of water and iodine molecules during this experiment.

In which direction did the iodine molecules diffuse? ( left to right , right to left ) circle one

In what direction did the water molecules diffuse? ( left to right , right to left ) circle one

Iodine molecules moved from an area of ___high_____ (high,low) concentration of iodine to an area of _____low_____(high, low) concentration of iodine.

Water molecules moved from an area of high ____ water ______(water, iodine) concentration to an area of low _____ water _____(water, iodine) concentration.

Movement is always from ___ high ___(high, low) to ____ low _____(high, low).

Always compare movement of ____like______(like, unlike) molecules.

7) At the beginning of the experiment (on the first page), the two sides of the apparatus have differences in

the concentrations of solute particles. What is this difference called? ___concentration gradient_____

8) Does the movement of water or iodine in this experiment require energy other than the heat found

naturally in the molecules?_____no_______

9) What is another term for the type of transport that does not require metabolic energy (ATP)?

(circle answer) Passive transport Active transport

10) Describe the concentrations of iodine and water molecules in the two sides of the container at

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the end of the experiment. _______equal concentrations___________________

11) What term do we use to describe this condition?________equilibrium/isotonic conditions____________

12) At the end of the experiment, are molecules of iodine and water still moving? Explain.

______the molecules still move since we cannot stop particles from moving BUT there is NO NET movement

Cell Transport HW #5 (correlates to page 7-8 of your notes)

______ 1. Which of the following is true of facilitated diffusion?

A. Protein channels assist the diffusion of substances

B. Molecules can move into or out of the cell freely

C. Substances do not move because of the concentration gradient

D. Water moves only into the cell

2. Which of the following statements tells how facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion?A. Particles move through cell membranes without the use of energy by cells.B. Particles tend to move from high concentration to lower concentration.C. Particles move within channel proteins that pass through cell membranes.D. Particles tend to move more slowly than they would be expected to move.

3. Place a check mark in the table below to indicate whether the example given illustrates osmosis or diffusion. Yes, yes we know that osmosis is a type of diffusion but let’s just see if you can distinguish osmosis from “regular” (non-osmotic) diffusion.

Is it osmosis? Is it (non-osmotic) diffusion?The smell of pizza wafting through the air

X

A plant wiltingX

Food coloring spreading out through a beaker of water

X

You smell the scent of a skunk as you drive by some roadkill

X

Pickles are smaller than the cu-cumbers that they started out as

X

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______ 4. If the membrane in the picture is impermeable to substances X and Y, BUT permeable to water, then:

A. osmosis will occur from solution 1 to solution 2B. osmosis will occur from solution 2 to solution 1C. no net movement of water will occur

5. COMPLETE A VENN DIAGRAM COMPARING OSMOSIS, DIFFUSION AND FACILIATED TRANSPORT. Write the letters that represent the words/phrases below to save space in the diagram.

"osmosis" should have "B""Facilitated diffusion" should have "E and "C""Diffusion" should have "C""All of these" should have "A, D"

______6. Because it is a type of passive transport, osmosis requires:

a. only thermal energy of molecules b. cellular energy

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Solution 1 Solution 2X Y Y Y Y

Y X Y YX Y

Y Y X Y Y X Y

A. passive – no ATP required D. substances move WITH gradient

B. water transport E. Requires protein channels

C. solute or solvent transport

Facilitated Diffusion (non-osmotic)

Osmosis

ALL of these

A , B, C, D

A , C, D, E

What happened to dinner?Jenny’s family planned to attend her brother’s basketball game on a school night. Her mother cooked spaghetti sauce. Jenny offered to make the salad and cook the spaghetti. First, Jenny washed the lettuce. Then, he sliced tomatoes, cucumbers, and radishes. Next, Jenny put some pepper, herbs, oil, and vinegar on the vegetables. Finally, he tossed the salad, covered it, and placed it in the refrigerator. Jenny read the directions for cooking a pound of spaghetti. He was surprised to see that he needed five quarts of water to boil the spaghetti. Jenny read the label on the box and found that the food was made from ground-up plants. Jenny slid the dry spaghetti into the boiling water and waited while it cooked. He drained the spaghetti. It took up much more space now than it had before it was cooked. Almost all the water in the pot was gone. What had happened to the water and the dry spaghetti? Jenny took the salad from the refrigerator. The vegetables were no longer crisp. There was more liquid in the salad bowl than he had added. What had happened to the veggies?

Analyzing the Problem:

1. How did the dry spaghetti increase in size? _____water entered the wheat cells, causing them to swell (osmosis)

____________________________________

2. Where did the liquid in the salad bowl come from? ___water exited the lettuce cells (osmosis)

_______________________________

Solving the Problem:

1. When Jenny made the salad, were more water molecules inside or outside the plant cells? Choose one.

2. What happens when the number of water molecules is greater inside a cell than outside?

molecules of water will move out of the cell (also solutes may move in)

3. How does your answer to number 2 help to explain what happened to the vegetables in the salad?

Because the conc of water was greater inside the cells than outside, there was a net movement of water OUT of the

cells. The water was seen collecting at the bottom of the bowl (outside the cells)

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4. When Jenny put dry spaghetti into boiling water, was there more water inside or outside the food?

5. What happens when the number of water molecules is greater in one area than another area?

Osmosis will occur - movement from high water conc area to low water conc area

6. How does your answer to number 5 help to explain what happened to the spaghetti?

Water moved from an area of higher conc (in the pot of water) to the area of lower conc (inside the wheat cells in the

spaghetti) - so the cells swelled and increased in size as they took in water.

Cell Transport HW #6 (correlates to pages 9-12 of your notes)

______ 1. Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is:

A. hypertonic

B. hypotonic

C. isotonic

D. concentrated

_______2. Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will ___________ while cells placed in a hypertonic

solution will ______________.

a) shrink, swell b) stay the same, swellb) swell, shrink d) none of the abovec) shrink, stay the same

_______43 A raw potato slice placed in a solution of salt and water will become wilted or limp because

a) water in the potato cells moves out into the salt solutionb) water in the salt solution moves into the potato cellsc) the salt moves into the potato cellsd) the salt absorbs the water from the cellse) the salt “sucks” the water out of the cell

4. Label the pictures below ( isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic environments)

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____isotonic___ ___hypotonic ___ ____hypertonic__

*Here it's impt to not just count the # of molecules but get a sense of the % concentration of solution. For ex see how in the first one, outside the molecules are more spread out indicating a lesser concentration. Conc is % of solute (amt solute PER solvent, not simply # of solute particles.).

5. ___hypertonic environment means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside.

6. _ hypo tonic environment means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside.

7. ______isotonic environment means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell as inside.

8. The pressure inside a plant cell caused by water pushing against the cell wall is called ______turgor____ pressure.

9. The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells when water enters is called ___cytolysis__________.

10. This happens when a cell is placed in a _____ hypo tonic solution.

11. Placing plant cells in a HYPOTONIC solution causes the osmotic pressure to _______________.

increase decrease

12. The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane

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pulls away from the cell wall is called ____plasmolysis___. It happens when a plant cell is placed into _____hypertonic solution.

13. When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure will _____decrease______. increase decrease

14. The shrinking of ANIMAL cells that are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution is called __plasmolysis____________________.

15. Cells stay the same size when placed in an _____isotonic solution because the amount of water leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water entering.

16. If the solute (dots) in this diagram is unable to pass through the dividing membrane, what will happen?A. the water level will rise on the right side of the tubeB. the water level will rise on the left side of the tubeC. the water level will stay equal on the two sides

17. Analyze the diagrams below and answer the questions inside the boxes.

Condition 1: iodine will move left to right; water will move right to left. Water level on left side will rise.Condition 2: iodine will not move since the membrane is impermeable; water willl still move right to left so water level on left side will again rise

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= semipermeable membrane

Cell Transport HW #7 (see pages 9-12 of your notes)Predicting the directions of osmosis

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2. 3/97 inside cell; 5/95 outside. water will move out of cell; shrink; solution is hypertonic

3. 20/80 inside cell; 20/80 outside. water will move equally in/out; stay same size; isotonic

4. 5/95 inside cell; 20/80 outside. water will move out of cell; shrink; hypertonic

5. 1/99 inside cell; 10/90 outside. water will move out of cell; shrink; hypertonic

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6. 10/90 inside cell; 5/95 outside; water will move into cell; swell; hypotonic7. 15/85 inside cell; 15/85 outside; water will move equally in/out; stay same; isotonic8. 2/98 inside cell; 5/95 outside. water will move out of cell; shrink; hypertonic9. 8/92 inside cell; 5/95 outside. water will move into cell; swell; hypotonic10. 3/97 inside cell; 1/99 outside. water will move into cell; swell; hypotonic

Most sports drinks are isotonic in relation to human body fluids. Explain why athletes should drink solutions that are isotonic to body fluids when they exercise rather than ones that are hypotonic to body fluids (contain a greater proportion of water in comparison to the fluids in and around human body cells).

you don't want the cells to swell excessively but more importantly as you exercise you use up various solutes (sugar, etc.) as you exercise so if you give a solution that is isotonic with these substances then there will be a balance of substances moving in/out of cell. If you gave just hypotonic then potentially solutes will move OUT of cells.. Most body fluids are isotonic to avoid excessive shrinking/swelling of cells and the loss of impt solutes.

Cell Transport HW #8 (see page 13-14 of your notes)

Active Transport17

Apply the Big idea

Facilitated diffusion takes place when a substance diffuses across the cell membrane through a protein channel. Active transport takes place when the cell uses energy to carry a substance across the cell membrane against a concentration difference.

Follow the directions.

1. Label each diagram as either facilitated diffusion or active transport.

facilitated diffusion active transport

Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer.

2. Which process can move molecules from a lower concentration solution on one side of the membrane to a higher concentration solution on the other side?

active transport facilitated diffusion

3. Which process does not require energy?

active transport facilitated diffusion

Bulk Transport.. Directions: Label the following steps in order from 1 to 6 for each active transport process. Next, label each of the items in each of the pictures below: solute, cell membrane, vesicle

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Glucose molecules Molecule tobe carried

Energy

Moleculebeing carried

1. What do you notice as a similarity between the steps in endocytosis and exocytosis?bulk transport - movement of large particles or clumps of materials

2. What kind of energy source is needed for these processes to occur? cellular energy ATP

3. Why would a cell need to do this kind of transport versus facilitated diffusion or active transport with a carrier protein? because molecules (or clumps of particles) are too large to pass through membrane

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Endocytosis:

_____4_______

Exocytosis:

___3________

Endocytosis:

____5________

Exocytosis:

___2________

Endocytosis:

_____1_______

Exocytosis:

___6_________

Endocytosis:

____2________

Exocytosis:

_____5_______

Endocytosis:

___3_________

Exocytosis:

___4_________

Endocytosis:

_____6_______

Exocytosis:

___1_________

Cell Transport HW #9 (Review)

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READING EACH ROW HORIZONTALLY LEFT TO RIGHT: 1. B, F 2. D, C 3. C 4. B, F

5. B, F 6. C 7. E, C 8. B, F 9. C 10. A, F 11. E, C 12. A, F

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1. Draw a membrane with a channel protein; molecules in area of greater conc move through the channel to the side of lesser concentration

2. the cell started out shrunken and then gained water so it must have been placed into a hypotonic solution to cause this change.

3. equal; dynamic equilibrium

4. i. circle; ii. triangle and square; iii. semipermeable; iv. draw all three shapes with arrow going through membrane like the circle one shown in the "cell A" diagram.

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