Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Cell Structure &
Function Sections 7-2 and 7-3
Eukaryote vs. Prokaryote
eukaryotes: organisms
whose cells contain a nucleus
prokaryotes: organisms
whose cells lack a nucleus
a tiny
structure that
performs a
specialized
function in the
cell
area between
the nucleus
and the cell
membrane
where the
organelles are
found
yes no
yes yes
yes yes
yes no
both unicellular
plants, animals, fungi, protists
bacteria
A. Boundary Structures
Cell Wall
Location: outside the cell
membrane
Function: helps to protect
& support the cell
A. Boundary Structures
Cell Wall
found in cells of
plants, algae, and
some bacteria
made of cellulose
and lignin
A. Boundary Structures
Cell Membrane Function: regulates what
enters and leaves the cell. Also aids in protection and support of the cell.
Made of lipids with associated proteins and carbohydrates.
Structure of the Cell
Membrane
B. Nucleus
organelle that controls the cell’s
activities and contains DNA
Nuclear envelope
(membrane): two membranes
that form the boundary around
the nucleus
B. Nucleus
Nucleolus:
where ribosomes are made
made of RNA and proteins
Chromatin:
DNA bound to protein
Spread throughout the nucleus
Chromosomes:
Distinct structures in nucleus that contain the genetic info that must be passed to each new generation of cells
C. Energy Producing Organelles
change the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
have a degree of independence from the rest of the cell
C. Energy Producing Organelles
trap the energy of sunlight and
convert it into chemical energy
found only in plant cells & algae
have a degree of independence from the rest of the cell
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Ribosomes
structures in which proteins are made
composed of RNA & protein
some are attached to membranes (rough ER); others are free in the cytoplasm
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(er)
complex network of sacs that
transport materials in the cell
2 types:
smooth er
rough er
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Smooth er
walls of the sacs look smooth
stores special chemicals and
enzymes
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Rough er
involved in synthesis of
proteins
has ribosomes stuck to
surface (make it look “rough”)
chemically modifies proteins
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Golgi apparatus (body)
looks like a flattened stack of
membranes (pancakes)
modifies, collects, packages,
& distributes molecules made
at one location of the cell and
used at another
Golgi apparatus
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Lysosomes
contain chemicals & enzymes
necessary for digesting certain
materials in the cell
the “clean-up crew”
not in plant cells
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Vacuoles
saclike storage structures
store water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates
plants have a large central
vacuole to store excess water
D. Transport/Homeostasis
Plastids
store food and pigments
3 examples
chloroplasts: store chlorophyll
leukoplasts: store starch
chromoplasts: store pigment molecules
E. Framework
Cytoskeleton
variety of filaments and
fibers that support cell
structure and drive cell
movement
composed of microtubules and
microfilaments
Cytoskeleton
E. Framework
Microtubules
hollow tubes
aid in support and movement
Cilia: short, thread-like
Flagella: long, whip-like
Centrioles Located near the nucleus
Help organize cell division
Not found in plant cells
E. Framework
Microfilaments
long, thin fibers
movement & support
movement of cytoplasm