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Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Topic: Cell theory. EQ : What are the parts of the cell theory?. What is a cell?. A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Who first discovered cells?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Topic: Cell theory
• EQ: What are the parts of the cell theory?
What is a cell?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
Who first discovered cells?
• Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. He built the first microscope. He then viewed cork from an oak tree. This is what he saw.
He thought they looked like the little rooms,so he called them “cells”
What part did microscopes play?
• Microscopes allowed scientists to see cells and other things that were too small to be seen with just their eyes.
Time passed on….
• Better microscopes were built and other scientists began to look for cells in other places……….
• After many, many observations a theory was made…..called The Cell Theory
• The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.
• Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
Cell Theory
The three principles of the cell theory:
• 1. All living things are made up of cells. • 2. The cell is the smallest of all life• 3. All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
ISN 52
• Create a Cell Theory Bubble map
Topic: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
2 Basic Types of Cells
• Prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells)– Cells that DO NOT have a nucleus– Examples: bacteria
• Eukaryotes (eukaryotic cells)– Cells that DO have a nucleus and other
organelles– Examples: plant cells and animal cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic
• DNA: free-floating, not surrounded by a membrane
• Organelles: Not many organelles
• Level of organization: One-celled (unicellular)
• Size: small
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic Cells• DNA: surrounded by a
membrane• Organelles: Many
specialized parts• Level of Organization:
Multicellular: plants, fungi, animals, and protists
Size: larger
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Homework
Types of Cells
P la n t C e lls A n im a l C e lls
E u ka ryo tic C e lls P ro ka ryo tic C e lls
C e ll T yp e s
http://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/spring97/group6
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
Cell Parts
Organelles
Topic: Cell Organelles (Shape and movement
EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.
Shape and movement
• Parts of a cell have unique functions. A cell is made up of different structures that keep it alive. They each have a different job.
What is an organelle?
• An organelle is a part of the cell that has a specific job. They are little organs or parts inside of a cell.
What is the Nucleus? • Directs cell activities (Boss of the cell)• Contains genetic material – DNA• Found in Plant and Animal Cells
What is the cell membrane?• Flexible covering
• Protects and controls movement in and out of the cell
• Found in plant & animal cells. It only allows certain materials to pass (selectively permeable)
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
What is a cell wall?
• Only in plants
• A stiff structure outside the cell membrane.
• Adds support & helps the plant keep its shape.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
What is the cytoskeleton?
• A network of threadlike proteins that are joined together and help give the cell its shape and help it move.
Directions
•Cut out table on pg. 65 and glue in your ISN 56
Movement of materials in a cell
• EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.
How do materials move in and out of the cell?
• Two processes:
• A. Diffusion• B. Osmosis
What is Cytoplasm?
• A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules.
• Surrounded by cell membrane
What is diffusion?
• The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Diffusion moves ALL KINDS of materials in/out of cells
What does diffusion look like?
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html
What is osmosis?
• The diffusion of water molecules through a membrane
• This process refers to transferring only WATER in/out of cells
What does osmosis look like?
• Osmosis
Why is osmosis and diffusion important?
Both of these processes allows for things the cell need (water, nutrients, etc.) to get in and wastes have a way to leave out.
Double-Bubble
What is diffusion? What is osmosis?
Where did you get this information?
diffusion osmosis
Topic: Cells Energy and Storage
• EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”– Function: Energy formation
• Breaks down food to make ATP– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles– Function: stores water– Only in plant cells
• This is what makes lettuce crisp– When there is no water, the plant wilts
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts– Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which
is a green pigment– Found only in plant cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around
in cell• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria
• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant cells
• Contains green chlorophyll
• Where photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html