Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 7EOC Goal 2

Review and Basic Review and Basic InformationInformation

• Cells are the basic unit of living things• Organization of living things:

cells tissues organs systems body

Important People in Important People in Cell HistoryCell History

Galileo (1620’s)Galileo (1620’s)

• Given credit as the first person to create a microscope (from a modified telescope)

Robert Hooke (1665)Robert Hooke (1665)

• Observed cork cells (cork is dead plant matter)

• Named the CELL he said the cell looked like the “cells” in a monestary

Antony von Leeuwenhoek Antony von Leeuwenhoek (1600’s)(1600’s)

• Observed microscopic organisms with the first true light microscope

• Observed the first bacterial cell (not seen again for over 200 years)

• Observed red blood cells

What Leeuwenhoek sawWhat Leeuwenhoek sawSpiral Bacteria

Red Blood Cells

Robert Brown (1833)Robert Brown (1833)

• Botanist• Observed that

plant cells have a dark structure that stains in the middle

• Named the structure he saw the NUCLEUS

Matthias Schleiden (1838)Matthias Schleiden (1838)

• Botanist• Noticed that

ALL plant tissues are composed of cells

Theodore Schwann (1839)Theodore Schwann (1839)

• Zoologist• Noticed that all

animal tissues were composed of cells

Francesco Redi (1700’s)Francesco Redi (1700’s)

• Disproved SPONTANEOUS GENERATION (theory that all living things come from non-living matter)

• Used meat & maggots in his experiment

Redi’s ExperimentRedi’s Experiment

Rudolf Virchow (1858)Rudolf Virchow (1858)

• Proposed that ALL cells come from pre-existing cells

• Refuted spontaneous generation

• Proposed BIOGENESIS (living things come from other living things)

Louis Pasteur (1862)Louis Pasteur (1862)

• Further disproved spontaneous generation using meat broth experiment

• Boiling a substance will kill any living matter (PASTEURIZATION)

Pasteur’s ExperimentPasteur’s Experiment

What did we learn from What did we learn from these people?these people?

THE CELL THEORYTHE CELL THEORY

1. All living things are made of cells (Schwann & Schleiden).

2. All cells arise from pre-existing cells (Virchow, Redi, Pasteur).

3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things (Schwann & Schleiden).

Two Basic Types of CellsTwo Basic Types of Cells

• Prokaryotes– Unicellular (made of one cell)– Do NOT have a nucleus– Example: bacteria

Two Basic Types of CellsTwo Basic Types of Cells

• Eukaryotes– Unicellular and Multicellular

• Multi = many cells

– DO have a nucleus– Examples:

• Plants• Animals• Protists• Fungi