Cell Structure and FunctionChapter 3

DO NOW Type 2 Writing 3 minutes

Write 3 things you learned/remembered from last night’s reading

Announcements Some tests have been graded Check period grades are due Monday

Office hours Wed/Thurs 6:30 – 8 Use study hall / Office hours to complete test

History of the Cell 1838 – Matthias Schleiden concluded all plants are made of

cells 1839 - Theodor Schwann stated all animals are made of cells 1855 – Rudolf Virchow concluded new cells can only be

created through division

Cell Theory All things are made up of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living

things New cells are produced from existing cells

Modern Cell Theory Energy flow occurs inside of cells Genetics (DNA) passes between cells All cells have the same basic chemical make up

Anatomy of a Cell Nucleus

Nucleoli Chromatin

Turns to chromosomes Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm

Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus

Nucleus “headquarters” of cell Contains DNA

For +2, what does DNA stand for? Contains:

Nucleoli Create Ribosomes which synthesize proteins

Chromatin Turns to chromosomes when dividing Not dividing: protein and DNA

Chromosomes Contains DNA Split to convert genetic material Encode genetic material

Plasma Membrane Also Cell Membrane Also protects and supports Strong but flexible Selectively permeable

Microvilli Absorption

Cytoplasm Gel-like substance outside of the nucleus 70-90% water

Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoskeleton

Mitochondria This is where oxygen is used to help break down food

“Energy source” of the cell As food is broken down, energy is released ATP is created

Provides energy for cellular work Liver and muscle cells have hundreds of mitochondria to

supply energy needs

Ribosomes Protein synthesis

Contains messages for other cells to carry out work

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smooth Provides channels to carry proteins from one part of the cell

to another Rough ER

“studs” of ribosomes Push proteins out to be transported

Smooth ER Liver has many Smooth ERs to break down cholesterol and fat

Vesicle “Small bubbles” Metabolism, transport and storage

Cytoskeleton Groups of protein filaments Maintain shape Involved in movement

Cell Diversity (pg.73-75) Cells connect body parts

Fibroblasts Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Cells the cover and line body organs Epithelial cells – Sheets like a honey comb

Cells that move organs and body parts Skeletal muscle / Smooth muscle

Cell Diversity (pg.73-75 Storage Cells

Fat cells Fight disease

Macrophage – digest infectious microorganisms Gather info and control body function

Nerve cells – receives and transmits messages Reproduction

Oocyte (female) Sperm (male)

Homework Read 63-71 (stop at “Cytoskeleton)