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Bell Ringer
Please take out your vocab so I can come around
and check it.
Please take out your new cell processes and
Energy note packet
Answer the following questions in your science
journal
1. How do plants get food?
2. How do animals get food?
Cell
Processes
and Energy
Sources of Energy How do living things get energy?
Dr. Binocs Photosynthesis Ted Ed Photosynthesis
Plants get energy from the sun while animals get
energy from other animals or plants.
Lion eats
zebra
Zebra eats grass
Grass uses sun
to make their
own food
Dire
ct
Direct
IndirectIndirect
Photosynthesis Autotrophs make their own food (ex. Plants make
their own food through photosynthesis).
Heterotrophs cannot make their own food and
therefore eat other organisms for energy. (Ex. Lion
eating a zebra)
Photosynthesis The process by
which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.
Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis.
Bell Ringer
Please take out your prediction questions from
Friday’s activity
-do you observe any changes?
-Did your predictions come true?
Evidence for Photosynthesis1. You exhaled Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) into the test tube which
changed the color from
____________ to _________________
2. I put a water plant in the test
tube. This turned the color from
____________ to _________________.
Plants use ________________ and
release ___________________ gas
into the atmosphere.
.
What can you conclude from this? ____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis plants and some other
organisms use energy from the sun to convert
carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar
Photosynthesis takes place in two stages.
Stage 1:
Capturing
the Sun’s
Energy
Stage 2:
Using
Energy to
Make
Food
Stage 1: Capturing the Sun’s Energy
Energy is captured in the plant’s leaves by
chlorophyll and uses to power the the second
stage of photosynthesis
What is chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is the photosynthetic pigment in
chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is what makes chloroplasts and the plant’s leaves green.
Stage 2: Using Energy to Make Food
Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings on the undersides of the leaves called stomata.
The plants roots absorb water from the soil and move up the plant to the leaves.
Water and carbon dioxide move into the chloroplasts where they undergo chemical reactions powered from the energy captured in stage 1
Stage 2: Using Energy to Make FoodOxygen (O2)is also produced which exits the leaf through the stomata.
These chemical reactions produce products such as a six carbon sugar called glucose (C6H12O6). This is used for energy to drive cell functions
Photosynthesis Equation
The events of photosynthesis can be summarized in
a chemical equation
ProductsReactants
1. Carbon
Dioxide 2. Water 3. Sugar 4. Oxygen
Dr. Bionics Photosynthesis
Bell Ringer
Take out your cell processes notes
Please take out your photosynthesis Summary
homework. We are going over it right away as a
class
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Light Energy is
absorbed
from the sun
by the
chlorophyll in
the
chloroplasts
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) enters
the leaves
through the
stomata
Water (H2O) enters
through the roots and
moves up to the
leaves
Oxygen (O2)
is given off or
released
through the
stomata
Glucose
(C6H12O6) is
made inside
the leaf and
used for
energy
Cellular Respiration Equation
Plants make their own glucose from photosynthesis
Animals get glucose from food
The oxygen comes from the air breathed in or water
surrounding the organisms.
Is this the photosynthesis equation? NO!
What do you notice about this equation?
*It’s the photosynthesis equation but backwards….
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
* Eliminate waste and create energy!
Cellular Respiration
The process of how cells get energy from glucose.
Cells break down simple food molecules like sugar and release the energy they contain.
Both plant and animal cells continually respire.
What does the term
respiration remind you of?
brain pop
Is cellular respiration the
same thing as respiration
like breathing?
Cellular Respiration Plant and animal cells can store energy just like you
can store money in a bank. Carbohydrates are stored until cells are ready to “withdraw” it by breaking down the carbohydrate through respiration.
Just like photosynthesis cellular respiration is a two-
stage process.
Cellular Respiration: Stage 1 Molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller
molecules inside the cytoplasm of the cell.
No oxygen is involved yet
Very small amount of energy is released.
Lets Draw it!
Cellular Respiration: Stage 2 Small molecules are broken down even further inside
the mitochondria of the cell.
These chemical reactions need oxygen and
therefore release a massive amount of energy.
Water and carbon dioxide are produced from this
process and diffuse out of the cell.
Lets Draw it!
What do you notice about the
photosynthesis and respiration equations?
Bell Ringer
Please take out your cell processes notes
Answer the following question in your science
journal
1. What is the photosynthesis Equation?
2. What is the cellular respiration equation?
3. How do they work together?
Turn in any lab corrections
How does this
small pumpkin
become a large
pumpkin?
How does this
piglet grow into
an adult pig?
The Cell Cycle
The cells in your body can grow and divide. This
process of growth and division is called the cell
cycle.
During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for
division and divides into two new cells called
“daughter cells”
There are three stages to the cell cycle;
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis Youtube Cell Cycle
Twig Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle Not only does the cell divide but the cell’s DNA
needs to divide so that each new cell has a copy.
The DNA is the cells genetic material and it will condense into tightly coiled structures called chromosomes.
Those chromosomes are found inside the nucleus of the cell
Gene DNA Chromosome
Structure of DNA DNA looks like a spiral staircase. It is composed of
sugar, phosphates and nitrogen bases
Sugar = Deoxyribose
Phosphates
Nitrogen Bases=
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Cancer What is cancer?
Why do cells need to divide?
A disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
Ex. Weeds
To repair and replace old damaged cells
What happens when the cells stop dividing?
That’s aging!
What happens when the cells wont stop dividing or they divide
How Cancer
Begins Something
damages a portion of the DNA in a chromosome.
The damage causes a change in the DNA which is called a mutation.
Cancer begins when mutations disrupt the normal
cell cycle, causing cells to divide in an
uncontrolled way
So what is a tumor?
A mass of abnormal cells that develops when
cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollable.
So how do you treat cancer?
Surgery, radiation and drugs such as
chemotherapy.