Cell OrganellesFUNCTIONS

What do Cells Contain?OrganellesIons – Na+, H+, Ca+, K+,Enzymes (cellulase)LipidsNucleic AcidsCarbohydratesCarbon compounds (C6H12O6)CoenzymesProteins

CELL MEMBRANESUPPORT AND PROTECT CELLSSELECTIVELY PERMEABLE – ALLOWS

SOME SUBSTANCES TO ENTER AND KEEPS OTHER SUBSTANCES OUT

THIN, FLEXIBLE BILAYERALL CELLS HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE

CELL WALLSUPPORT AND PROTECT CELLSLOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE CELL

MEMBRANEPLANT, FUNGI, PROTIST AND BACTERIA

HAVE CELL WALLSANIMAL CELLS DO NOT HAVE CELL WALLS

NUCLEUSTHE CONTROL CENTER OF THE CELLCONTAINS THE CHROMOSOMES –

STRUCTURES THAT CONTAIN DNA(THE GENETIC INFORMATION)

CHROMOSOMES (RODLIKE) WHEN CELL IS DIVIDING;

CHROMATIN (THREAD LIKE)WHEN CELL IS NOT DIVIDING;

SYNTHESIZES RNA AND RIBOSOMES

CYTOPLASM (CYTOSOL)HOLDS THE OTHER CELL ORGANELLESGEL LIKE SUBSTANCELOCATED WITHIN THE CELL MEMBRANE

NUCLEOLUSMAKES AND PARTIALLY ASSEMBLES

THE RIBOSOMES INSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR ENVELOPEALLOW MATERIALS TO MOVE INTO

AND OUT OF THE NUCLEUSDOUBLE MEMBRANESURROUNDS THE NUCLEUSALSO CALLED THE NUCLEAR

MEMBRANE

CYTOSKELETONHELPS THE CELL MAINTAIN ITS SHAPETHE TWO PARTS OF THE

CYTOSKELETON ARE:MICROTUBULES – MAINTAIN CELL

SHAPE & SERVE AS TRACKS ALONG WHICH ORGANELLES MOVE (TUBE SHAPE)

MICROFILAMENTS – MOVEMENT AND SUPPORT OF THE CELL (THIN FILAMENTS)

RIBOSOMESSITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESISFREE FLOATING IN CYTOPLASM ORATTACHED TO ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

(ROUGH)

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

INVOLVED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS

CHEMICALLY MODIFIES PROTEINSPREPARES PROTEINS FOR EXPORTCOVERED WITH RIBOSOMES

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMSynthesis of lipids; Synthesis of membranes in the cell;

GOLGI APPARATUSPROCESSESs, PACKAGES AND

DELIVERS SUBSTANCES PRODUCED BY THE CELL

(THE “UPS/FEDEX/USPS” OF THE CELL)

LYSOSOMES (lyse – break down)CONTAIN ENZYMESBREAK DOWN LIPIDS,

CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEIN FROM FOOD

BREAK DOWN OLD WORN-OUT ORGANELLES

REMOVE “GARBAGE” FROM THE CELLMANY IN ANIMAL CELLSFEW IN PLANT CELLS

VACUOLESSTORE ENZYMES, WATER AND WASTE

PRODUCTS,

IN PLANTS, ONE LARGE FLUID-FILLED VACUOLE

ANIMAL CELLS HAVE MANY SMALL VACUOLES

MITOCHONDRIATHE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL;TRANSFERS ENERGY FROM ORGANIC

COMPOUNDS (GLUCOSE) TO ATP;ATP IS THE CHEMICAL COMPOUND

THAT THE CELL BREAKS DOWN TO GET ENERGY;

THE SITE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION;

CHLOROPLASTSCONVERTS THE ENERGY OF SUNLIGHT

INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (GLUCOSE)

THE SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

`DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT & ANIMAL CELLSANIMAL CELLS HAVE CENTRIOLES –

SERVE AS AN ANCHOR FOR THE SPINDLE FIBERS IN CELL DIVISION;

PLANT CELLS HAVE:A LARGE, FLUID-FILLED VACUOLECHLOROPLASTSCELL WALL

ORGANELLES UNIQUE TO PLANTSPLASTIDS –

CHLOROPLAST – SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONTAINS CHLOROPHYLL;

CHROMOPLAST – STORES COLOR PIGMENTS – XANTHROPHYLLS (YELLOWS) AND CAROTENOIDS (REDS AND ORANGES)

LEUCOPLAST – STORES STARCH

CILIA AND FLAGELLACILIA –

MOVEMENT AND FOOD-GETTINGTINY, HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS PRESENT IN

HUGE NUMBERSFLAGELLA

MOVEMENT AND FOOD-GETTINGLONG, WHIPLIKE STRUCTURES, USUALLY

ONLY A FEW PRESENT

CILIA & FLAGELLA

CELL PROJECTCELL DIORAMABRING IN MATERIALS SUCH AS:

PASTA - UNCOOKED(MACARONI, RIGATONNI, LASAGNA)DRIED BEANS - UNCOOKEDSTRAWSMATERIAL SCRAPSCOTTON BALLSYARNPIPE CLEANERSBUTTONSBOLTS, NUTS, SCREWS, ETC.NO CANDY!!!!!