Upload
lucinda-hawkins
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CELL DIVISION AND CANCER
Unit 7 - Mitosis
Mitosis
All cells in your body divide In children and teens, cells divide to assist
in growth In adults, cells divide to replace old cells
Your cells are really good at knowing when they should and shouldn’t divide
Cell Regulators
Inside and on the outside of your cells, you have “regulators” that control cell division.
These regulators act as body guards for the cell, making sure that everything goes according to plan
Internal Cell Regulators
These are proteins that respond to events inside the cell.
Example Make sure mitosis doesn’t happen until
chromosomes are replicated
External Cell Regulators
Proteins that respond to events that happen outside the cell
Examples Speed up or slow down cell division Proteins on neighbor cells can tell the cells
around them to stop growing or to slow down so that they don’t impede other tissue or cells.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose their ability to regulate cell growth.
Cancerous cells do not respond to the signals from other cells that tell them to stop or slow down their growth.
When the cells do not stop dividing, a tumor is formed.
Benign and Malignant Tumors Benign Tumors
Non-cancerous tumors Cysts Keloids
Malignant Tumors Cancerous tumors
Here, bad cells (those that cannot stop dividing) break off into your blood or lymph systems and travel to other parts of the body. There, they infect the cells around them, causing mass division of cancer cells.
Invasion and Metastasis
Fact
According to the American Cancer Society, in 2012 there have already been 65, 750 new cases of cancer reported.
4 Basic Types of Cancer
Carcinoma Cancer that begins
in the skin or tissues that cover internal organs
Example: melanoma which is a type of skin cancer.
4 Basic Types of Cancer
Sarcoma Cancer that begins
in the bones, cartilage, fat, muscles, blood vessels, or other connective/supportive tissue
Example: osteosarcoma which is cancer in the bones
4 Basic Types of Cancer
Leukemia Cancer that starts in
blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.
Example – Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a cancer that begins in the white blood cells
Normal WBC
Leukemic WBC
4 Basic Types of Cancer
Lymphoma/Myeloma Cancer that begins
in cells associated with the immune system
Example: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the lymphocytes (cells of your immune system).
Some Causes of Cancer
Exposure to carcinogens Asbestos
lung cancer Formaldehyde
leukemia's, lymphomas, etc.
Exposure to UV rays Tanning Can cause skin cancer
Melanoma Basal cell carcinoma
Causes of Cancer
Smoking cigarettes Contain many carcinogenic chemicals Can cause a variety of cancer
Lung cancer (most common) Throat cancer Oral cancer
Other tobacco products Chewing tobacco
Oral cancer
Other Causes of Cancer
Heredity Breast cancer Kidney Cancer
Viruses HIV
Kaposi Sarcoma HPV
cervical cancer Hepatitis B
liver cancer
How do we detect cancer?
MRI Endoscopy X-ray Biopsy Ultra sound
Liver cancers Ovarian cancers
Mammogram Breast cancer For women 40 y/o
and older
How can we treat cancer?
Chemotherapy Drugs given to
target rapidly growing cells Not only kills cancer
cells but any rapidly growing cells like hair follicle cells
Surgery Remove the tumor
and surrounding tissue
Radiation treatment Applying
concentrated amount of energy to cancer cells to damage their DNA
Often times a combination of treatments can be used
Vaccines
Preventative To prevent the
emergence of cancer in healthy people
Examples HBV
Hepatitis B which can cause liver cancer
Gardasil Cervical cancer
Therapeutic/Treatment Used to treat
cancer