Cell Biology Homework - Larbert High School1419]Unit_1_Cell_Biology_hwk.pdfHomework 2 Cell Biology 3 2. ... 2 (2) 6. Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration ... The movement

Homework 2 Cell Biology

1

Cell Biology

Homework

NAME:

CLASS:


2

Cell Structure

1. The diagram below shows two cells.

a) Complete the table below to give the name and functions of the parts labelled A,

B and C.

(2)

Letter Part Function

A Cell Membrane

B Nucleus

C Site of chemical reactions

b) Which cell is a plant cell?

Cell

Reason

(2)


3

2. Use the information in the table below to answer the questions about liquids used in

preparing microscope slides.

Type of cell Liquid Used Effect

Human cheek cell Methylene blue Nucleus turns blue

Onion epidermal cell Iodine solution Nucleus turns yellow

Human skin cell Eosin Cytoplasm turns pink

Onion root cell Acetic orcein Chromosomes turn red

a) Name two liquids used to prepare plant cells.

1

2 PS –Selecting (2)

b) What effect does eosin have on skin cells?

PS –Selecting (2)

3. Where is the genetic information found in animal and plant cells?

(1)

4. Which organelle is essential for photosynthesis in plants?

(1)

Total /10

Next Steps:


4

Enzymes And

The Use Of Enzymes In Industry

1. Complete the table below which shows the substrate and product of 2 enzymes

found in the small intestine.

Enzyme Substrate Product

Protein

Amylase

Maltose

(2)

2. Describe the properties of an enzyme which ensure each chemical reaction is

catalysed by a certain enzyme.

(3)

3. State what is meant by the term optimum when describing and enzyme reaction.

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ (1)


5

4. The diagram below show an enzyme and it’s substrate.

Add an arrow and label to the diagram to show where the active site is. (1)

5. The diagram below shows an investigation to compare the activity of catalase in

apple and liver.

ENZYME

SUBSTRATE


6

a) State 2 variables not shown in the diagram that must be kept constant for a valid

comparison.

1

2 PS- Analysing (2)

b) Explain why enzyme activity decreases at temperatures above the optimum.

(1)

6. Liver contains the enzyme catalase. A piece of liver was added to hydrogen peroxide

and foam was produced as shown below.

a) Name the gas in the foam.

(1)

b) Which other product was formed during this reaction?

(1)


7

c) Describe a suitable control experiment which could be used to show that active

catalase is needed for this experiment.

PS-analysing (1)

d) How could the activity of catalase be measured in this experiment?

(1)

Total /14

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8

Photosynthesis

1. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make glucose using energy from

the sun.

Name the by-product A released during photosynthesis.

(1)

2. What molecule is split during the first-stage of photosynthesis?

(1)

3. Hydrogen and a high energy molecule are produced during the first stage of

photosynthesis. Name the high energy molecule

(1)

4. Other than temperature, state two factors which limit the rate of photosynthesis.

1.

2. (2)

5. Describe the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis

(1)


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6. What is the second stage of photosynthesis called?

(1)

7. On a cold winters day, plants will photosynthesise less. Why?

(1)

8. In the graph below, state the factors limiting the reaction at A AND at B.

A

B (2)

Total /10

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Temperature (oC)

Rat

e o

f p

ho

tosy

nth

esis

A

B


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Respiration

1. Cells need ATP for cell division. ATP is produced during the aerobic respiration of

glucose.

How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in this process?

(1)

2. Aerobic respiration occurs in two stages. Name both products of the first-stage, the

breakdown of glucose.

Product 1

Product 2 (2)

3. The following list contains some features of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in

germinating peas.

List

W Does not use oxygen

X Produces carbon dioxide

Y Yields 38 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule

Z Produced ethanol

Complete the table below by writing the letters from the list in the correct columns.

Each letter may be used once or more than once.

Aerobic respiration in germinating peas

Anaerobic respiration in germinating peas

(2)


11

4. The graph below shows lactic acid concentration in blood during a period of vigorous

exercise (P) and of complete rest (Q).

Explain why lactic acid concentration changes during period Q.

(1)

5. What two substances are required by the cell to produce 1 moelcule of ATP?

1

2 (2)

6. Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration

GLUCOSE + + WATER + (3)


12

7. What other name can be used instead of anaerobic respiration for the breakdown of

glucose in the absence of oxygen in plants and yeast cells?

(1)

8. Complete the summary table for aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

(3)

Total /15

Next Steps:

Aerobic

respiration

Anaerobic respiration in

animals plants and yeast

Glycolysis (y/n)

ATP yield

(number produced)

Product(s)


13

Transport Across The Cell Membrane

1. Name the two molecules which the cell membrane is made of.

(1)

2. Which of the following molecules can both diffuse through a cell membrane?

A Amino acids and starch

B Amino acids and water

C Starch and protein

D Protein and water (1)

3. Most plant cells have a cell wall.

Name the structural carbohydrate in the cell wall.

(1)

4. Osmosis occurs in plant cells.

Name the substance that enters or leaves by osmosis.

(1)

5. The diagrams show the appearance of flower petal cells before and after being placed in solution X.

(a) What name is used to describe the appearance of the cells after being placed

in solution X? (1)


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(b) Describe solution X, with reference to its water content

(1)

(c) How could you return the cells to their appearance before?

(1)

6. One of the main functions of the lungs is the exchange of gases. Explain fully the

movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.

(3)

7. Draw a line to link the process and its description.

(2)

Total /12

Next steps:

osmosis

diffusion

Active

transport

The movement of substances against

the concentration gradient which

requires energy.

The movement of molecules from an

area of high concentration to an area

of low concentration.

The movement of water across a

selectively permeable membrane.


15

Use Of Enzymes and Microorganisms In Industries

1. State 2 different industries that use enzymes to make a product that is useful to man.

_________________________________

_________________________________ (2)

2. Describe how the enzymes are produced on a large scale for use in industries.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ (2)

3. State 3 conditions that are required for the growth of microorganisms.

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ____________________________________ (3)

4. Which microorganisms is used in the production of yoghurt?

_______________________________________________________ (1)

5. Which microorganism is used in bread making?

_______________________________________________________ (1)

6. Which gas does this microorganism produce that results in bread rising?

_______________________________________________________ (1)


16

7. Name the technique used when an experiment is carried out under sterile conditions

to prevent contamination of pure cultures of microorganisms.

(1)

8. Why would you need to allow a flamed loop to cool before using it to transfer a

sample of bacterial colony to a new agar plate?

(1)

9. Name 3 different conditions which must be controlled when growing cells in cell

culture

1

2

3 (3)


17

10. The table below shows the results of an investigation into the removal of stains.

Type of Stain Washing

temperature (oC)

Biological detergent Non-biological

detergent

Grass 40

Mud 40

Grass 100

Mud 100

= stain removed = stain not removed

Grass stains were removed by a

A. biological detergent at 40 oC

B. biological detergent at 100 oC

C. non-biological detergent at 40 oC

D. non-biological detergent at 100 oC PS- Selecting (1)

11. Explain why using biological detergents is claimed to save energy.

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ (1)

Total /17

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18


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Producing New Cells

1. Cell division is also known as……..?

(1)

2. Stages of cell division are shown in their correct order in the diagrams below.

a) Add a label to show the spindle fibres on one of the diagrams. (1)

b) Refering to DNA, describe what has happened in the cell just before stage A

(2)

c) Stage C would be followed by stage D. Describe what would happen in stage D.

(1)


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3. Typical timings of the stages of mitosis are shown in the table below.

Stage A B C D Time (minutes) 88 33 25 54

What percentage of the total time for mitosis is taken by stage C?

% PS- Processing (1)

8. The diagrams below show 2 stages of mitosis.

Draw one straight line from each diagram to its correct description.

(2)

chromosomes shorten and thicken

chromatids are pulled to opposite

ends of the cell

chromosomes line up at the centre of

the cell

nuclear membrane reforms


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9. How does mitosis ensure that daughter cells will be able to function properly?

_____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ (1)

10. What condition results from uncontrolled cell division?

_____________________________________________________ (1)

11. The table below shows the annual death rates from luncg cancer of ex-smokers who

had smoked for more than five years and then stopped smoking.

Time since ex-smokers stopped smoking

(years)

Annual deaths per 10000 of population

0 14

2 7

4 5

6 3

8 2

10 2

12 2

a) Draw a line graph of these results on the grid over the page.


22

Time since ex-smokers stopped smoking (years)

PS- Processing (2)

b) The annual death rate from lung cancer for non-smokers is 1 per 10 000. What evidence in the table suggests that some of the damage caused by smoking for more than five years is permanent? _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

PS- Analysing (2)


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c) Underline one option in each bracket to complete the following sentences based on the data in the table.

rises The annual death rate from lung cancer for people who stop smoking stays the same falls

0 - 2 The greatest change is 2 – 4 years after. stopping. Within 8 years from stopping, 4 – 6 2 their risk of death from lung cancer is 7 times less than that of people who have 12 just stopped smoking.

PS- Processing (2)

Total /16

Next Steps:


24

Genetic Engineering

1. The diagram below summarises the steps in genetic engineering.

a) Identify cell type A ________________________________________ (1)

b) Name one product of genetic engineering.

__________________________________ (1)

c) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ (3)


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2. Insulin is used to treat people with diabetes. It can be manufactured by

genetically-engineered bacteria using the steps described below.

A Bacteria are grown in a fermenter and produce insulin.

B The human insulin gene is isolated.

C Plasmids are removed from bacteria.

D Human insulin is purified and used to treat people with diabetes.

E The human insulin gene is inserted into a plasmid.

F Altered plasmids are put into bacteria.

Arrange the steps into the correct order by putting the appropriate letter into each empty box.

(1)

B


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3. The diagram below shows stages in the production of a desired product by genetic engineering.

Identify structures X _____________________________ and

Y _____________________________

(2)

Total /8

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27

DNA and the Production of Proteins

1. The diagram below shows a yeast cell.

a) Name the structure shown in the yeast cell which

contains the genetic information.

________ ____________________________ (1)

b) Add an arrow and a label that points to this

structure. (1)

2. Complete the paragraph below using words from the word bank. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

The building block of all organisms are ___________. The ______ __________of the

cell contains many thread-like structures called _____________________ which are

made of hundreds of smaller sections called _________ . Each of these

______________ control specific characteristics, such as eye colour, and are made of

a long chemical (arranged as a double helix) called __________ . Each strand of

_________ is made of repeating units called ___________ (e.g. ATGC). Proteins are

made of repeating units called __________ ____________ . The order of these is

controlled by the order of ______ on the DNA. (5)

Word Bank: Bases Nucleus Cells Genes Amino Acids

Chromosomes DNA


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3. Draw a line to match the bases in column 1 with their complimentary base in column

2.

Column 1 Column 2

A

C C

T G

T

(1)

4. All proteins are composed of A genes B DNA C amino acids D bases (1)

5. State 2 differences between DNA and RNA.

(2)

6. State the name of the organelle where proteins are assembled.

________________________________________________________ (1)


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7. Complete the following table of information on proteins and their functions.

Protein Group Function Example

Structural membrane proteins

Act as biological catalysts

to speed up chemical

reactions in cells

Hormones

Insulin

Provide specific defence

against body invaders

such as certain bacteria

and viruses

Immunoglobulins

Receptors Liver cells have receptors

for insulin

(5)

Total /17

Next Steps:


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Cell Biology Homework - Larbert High School1419]Unit_1_Cell_Biology_hwk.pdfHomework 2 Cell Biology 3 2. ... 2 (2) 6. Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration ... The movement